Series Of Manuscripts Research Articles

Mapping landscape-level hydrological connectivity of headwater wetlands to downstream waters: A catchment modeling approach - Part 2

In Part 1 of this two-part manuscript series, we presented an effective assessment method for mapping inundation of geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) and quantifying their cumulative landscape-scale hydrological connectivity with downstream waters using time series remotely sensed data (Yeo et al., 2018). This study suggested strong hydrological coupling between GIWs and downstream waters at the seasonal timescale via groundwater. This follow-on paper investigates the hydrological connectivity of GIWs with downstream waters and cumulative watershed-scale hydrological impacts over multiple time scales. Modifications were made to the representation of wetland processes within the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). A version of SWAT with improved wetland function, SWAT-WET, was applied to Greensboro Watershed, which is located in the Mid-Atlantic Region of USA, to simulate hydrological processes over 1985–2015 under two contrasting land use scenarios (i.e., presence and absence of GIWs). Comparative analysis of simulation outputs elucidated how GIWs could influence partitioning of precipitation between evapotranspiration (ET) and terrestrial water storage, and affect water transport mechanisms and routing processes that generate streamflow. Model results showed that GIWs influenced the watershed water budget and stream flow generation processes over the long-term (30 year), inter-annual, and monthly time scales. GIWs in the study watershed increased terrestrial water storage during the wet season, and buffered the dynamics of shallow groundwater during the dry season. The inter-annual modeling analysis illustrated that densely distributed GIWs can exert strong hydrological influence on downstream waters by regulating surface water runoff, while maintaining groundwater recharge and ET under changing (wetter) climate conditions. The study findings highlight the hydrological connectivity of GIWs with downstream waters and the cumulative hydrological influence of GIWs as hydrologic sources to downstream ecosystems through different runoff processes over multiple time scales.

Cassini-VIMS observations of Saturn’s main rings: II. A spectrophotometric study by means of Monte Carlo ray-tracing and Hapke’s theory

This work is the second in a series of manuscripts devoted to the investigation of the spectrophotometric properties of Saturn’s rings from Cassini-VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) observations. The dataset used for this analysis is represented by ten radial spectrograms of the rings which have been derived in Filacchione et al. (2014) by radial mosaics produced by VIMS. Spectrograms report the measured radiance factor I/F of the main rings of Saturn as a function of both radial distance (from 73500 to 141375 km) and wavelength (0.35–5.1 µm) for different observation geometries (phase angle ranging in the 2°–132° interval). We take advantage of a Monte Carlo ray-tracing routine (Ciarniello et al., 2014) to characterize the photometric behavior of the rings at each wavelength and derive the spectral Bond albedo of ring particles. This quantity is used to infer the composition of the regolith covering ring particles by applying Hapke’s theory. Four different regions, characterized by different optical depths, and respectively located in the C ring, inner B ring, mid B ring and A ring, have been investigated. Results from photometric modeling indicate that, in the VIS-NIR spectral range, B ring particles are intrinsically brighter than A and C ring particles, with the latter having the lowest albedo, while the single particle phase function of the ring’s particles is compatible with an Europa-like or Callisto-like formulation, depending on the investigated region. Spectral modeling of the inferred Bond albedo indicates that ring spectrum can be reproduced by water ice grains with inclusion of organic materials (tholin) as a UV absorber intimately mixed with variable amounts of other compounds in pure form (carbon, silicates) or embedded in water ice grains (nanophase hydrated iron oxides, carbon, silicates, crystalline hematite, metallic iron, troilite). The abundance of tholin decreases with radial distance from C ring (0.2–0.6%) to A ring (0.06%) for the selected regions. Its distribution is compatible with an intrinsic origin and is possibly related to the different plasma environment of the different ring regions. The identification of the other absorber(s) and its absolute volumetric abundance is uncertain, depending on the adopted grain size and mixing modality (intraparticle or intimate). However, assuming a common composition of the other absorber in the ring plane, we find that its abundance anti-correlates with the optical depth of the investigated regions, being maximum in the thinnest C ring and minimum in the thickest mid B ring. In the case of the C ring, an additional population of low-albedo grains is required to match the positive spectral slope of the continuum in the 0.55–2.2 µm interval, represented by an intraparticle mixture of water ice and a spectrum similar to troilite or metallic iron. The distribution of the darkening compounds is interpreted as the result of a contamination by exogenous material, which is more effective in the less dense regions of the rings because of their lower surface mass density of pure water ice.

Quantification of GR effects in muon g-2, EDM and other spin precession experiments

Recently, Morishima, Futamase and Shimizu published a series of manuscripts, putting forward arguments, based on a post-Newtonian approximative calculation, that there can be a sizable general relativistic (GR) correction in the experimental determination of the muon magnetic moment based on spin precession, i.e. in muon g-2 experiments. In response, other authors argued that the effect must be much smaller than claimed. Further authors argued that the effect exactly cancels. Also, the known formulae for the de Sitter and Lense–Thirring effect do not apply due to the non-geodesic motion. All this indicates that it is difficult to estimate from first principles the influence of GR corrections in the problem of spin propagation. Therefore, in this paper we present a full general relativistic calculation in order to quantify this effect. The main methodology is the purely differential geometrical tool of Fermi–Walker transport over a Schwarzschild background. The Larmor precession due to the propagation in the electromagnetic field of the experimental apparatus is also included. For the muon g-2 experiments the GR correction turns out to be very small, well below the present sensitivity. However, in other similar storage ring experimental settings, such as electric dipole moment search experiments, where the so-called frozen spin method is used, GR gives a well detectable effect, and should be corrected for. All frozen spin scenarios are affected which intend to reach a sensitivity of 0.1 μrad s−1 for the spin precession in the vertical plane.

Práticas alimentares no Real Colégio de São Paulo de Coimbra: o “Livro do pão” de 1707-08

O acervo documental sobrevivente do Real Colégio de São Paulo em Coimbra, hoje à guarda do Arquivo da Universidade de Coimbra, contém uma série de manuscritos intitulada “Livros de despesa do pão” onde se regista o consumo diário de pão. Um dos manuscritos apresenta um detalhado registo do gasto feito entre os meses de Novembro de 1707 e Outubro de 1708 e cuja análise permite conhecer com maior pormenor alguns dos hábitos alimentares dos colegiais, nomeadamente o grau de importância do pão no universo alimentar português moderno e suas várias utilizações em contexto culinário.

“A kind of agonie in my thoughts”: writing puritan and non-conformist women’s pain in 17th-century England

The relationship between pain as a physical and emotional experience and the concept of suffering as an essential aspect of sanctification for faithful believers was a paradoxical and pressing theological...

Assessment of a Nutritional Rehabilitation Model in Two Modern Broilers and Their Jungle Fowl Ancestor: A Model for Better Understanding Childhood Undernutrition.

This article is the first in a series of manuscripts to evaluate nutritional rehabilitation in chickens as a model to study interventions in children malnutrition (Part 1: Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Intestinal Morphometric Analysis). Inclusion of rye in poultry diets induces a nutritional deficit that leads to increased bacterial translocation, intestinal viscosity, and decreased bone mineralization. However, it is unclear the effect of diet on developmental stage or genetic strain. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effects of a rye diet during either the early or late phase of development on performance, bone mineralization, and intestinal morphology across three diverse genetic backgrounds. Modern 2015 (Cobb 500) broiler chicken, 1995 Cobb broiler chicken, and the Giant Jungle Fowl were randomly allocated into four different dietary treatments. Dietary treatments were (1) a control corn-based diet throughout the trial (corn–corn); (2) an early phase malnutrition diet where chicks received a rye-based diet for 10 days, and then switched to the control diet (rye–corn); (3) a malnutrition rye-diet that was fed throughout the trial (rye–rye); and (4) a late phase malnutrition diet where chicks received the control diet for 10 days, and then switched to the rye diet for the last phase (corn–rye). At 10 days of age, chicks were weighed and diets were switched in groups 2 and 4. At day 20 of age, all chickens were weighed and euthanized to collect bone and intestinal samples. Body weight, weight gain, and bone mineralization were different across diet, genetic line, age and all two- and three-way interactions (P < 0.05). Overall, Jungle Fowl were the most tolerant to a rye-based diet, and both the modern and 1995 broilers were significantly affected by the high rye-based diet. However, the 1995 broilers consuming the rye-based diet appeared to experience more permanent effects when compared with the modern broiler. The results of this study suggest that chickens have a great potential as a nutritional rehabilitation model in human trials. The 1995 broilers line was an intermediate genetic line between the fast growing modern line and the non-selected Jungle Fowl line, suggesting that it would be the most appropriate model to study for future studies.

A National Survey Examining Manuscript Dissertation Formats Among Nursing PhD Programs in the United States

Among research-focused nursing doctoral (PhD) programs in the United States, the traditional dissertation format has recently given way to a series of publication-ready manuscripts, often bookended by introduction and conclusion chapters. To help programs make decisions about the use of these formats, this study undertook a national survey of programs offering PhDs in nursing. The purpose of this study was to explore the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional format versus manuscript option for dissertations among nursing PhD programs in the United States. Cross-sectional census survey of U.S. nursing PhD programs. A web-based survey was administered to all U.S. nursing PhD programs. Respondents indicated formats offered, factors contributing to decisions of which formats to offer, and lessons learned. Descriptive statistics and inductive content analyses were used for analysis. Of 121 eligible institutions, 79 provided eligible responses (66.7%). The majority (59%) offered both formats; 11% offered the manuscript option only, and 24% offered the traditional format only. Faculty support (or lack thereof) contributed to adoption (or not) of the manuscript option. Respondents' approaches to the manuscript option (e.g., number of papers) and advice are summarized. Manuscript option dissertations are commonly offered and provide benefits to students and faculty; however, thoughtful implementation is critical. Programs need to agree upon clear expectations and have graduate school support (e.g., formatting). Faculty need mentorship in advising manuscript option students who choose to use this format, and the time and support. Finally, students need additional writing skills that could be provided through coursework or via individual work with mentors. As nursing education continues to expand further into doctoral research, programs must examine dissertation formats in order to both prepare future nurse scholars and disseminate nursing research that is critical to improving nursing education, patient care, and clinical practice.

Clinical Trial End Points for Hemodialysis Vascular Access: Background, Rationale, and Definitions.

Hemodialysis vascular access is the “lifeline” for patients on hemodialysis. Unfortunately, because of its poor patency and significant complication rate, it is also the “Achilles heel” of hemodialysis. For example, the current unassisted arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation rate is only

Exorcism and Religious Politics in Fifteenth-Century Florence

AbstractThis article examines a series of messages concerning politics and geography that the religious order of the Vallombrosans embedded within a series of exorcism manuscripts and addressed to Lorenzo de’ Medici in the late fifteenth century. The Vallombrosans crafted their manuscripts to negotiate a host of troubles: schism over reform, friction with Lorenzo, diminishing social status, increased marginality, competition with rival religious orders, new definitions of orthodoxy, and alternate forms of religious devotion. I frame Vallombrosan troubles and their turn to exorcism as symptomatic of the increased predominance of Mendicant Observants over older orders, and link this shift to a newly active and politicized demonology.

Una pagina inedita degli Scrittori d’Italia del Mazzucchelli: la biografia dell’umanista bresciano Ubertino Posculo

Scrittori d’Italia [Italian Writers] by Giammaria Mazzucchelli (Brescia, 1707-65) is a mammoth encyclopaedic dictionary intended by the author to include the biographies of all those writers active in Italy from the mediaeval period to his own time, with each entry including a description of the author’s works and a detailed bibliography. Mazzuccchelli’s endeavour remains for the most part unpublished in a series of manuscripts housed at the Vatican Library. This article offers a transcription of the entry present in Vat. Lat. 9283 dedicated to Ubertino Posculo, a humanist from Brescia, the first edition of which serves as part of a more extensive study on this figure.

Atlas of marine bony fish otoliths of Southeastern-Southern Brazil Part VIII: Siluriformes (Ariidae) and Pleuronectiformes (Achiridae, Paralichthyidae, Cynoglossidae)

Abstract To complement the series of manuscripts published as "Atlas of Teleostei Otoliths of the Southeastern-Southern Brazil", in this volume we present results for species of Siluriformes (two species) and Pleuronectiformes (thirteen species) orders. Considering that the sagittae of Siluriformes are very small we analyzed the left lapillus. Due to the asymmetry of the Pleuronectiformes otoliths, were analysed both left and right structures, being the circumsulcal depression the most important feature to diagnose these species.

Pediatric Cancer Predisposition and Surveillance: An Overview, and a Tribute to Alfred G. Knudson Jr.

The prevalence of childhood cancer attributable to genetic predisposition was generally considered very low. However, recent reports suggest that at least 10% of pediatric cancer patients harbor a germline mutation in a cancer predisposition gene. Although some of these children will have a family history suggestive of a cancer predisposition syndrome, many others will not. Evidence from recent pediatric studies suggests that surveillance and early detection of cancer in individuals carrying a germline cancer predisposing mutation may result in improved outcomes. However, there is a lack of consistency in the design of cancer surveillance regimens across centers both nationally and internationally. To standardize approaches, the Pediatric Cancer Working Group of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) convened a workshop, during which consensus screening recommendations for children with the most common cancer predisposition syndromes were developed. In general, we considered a 5% or greater chance of developing a childhood cancer to be a reasonable threshold to recommend screening. Conditions for which the cancer risk was between 1% to 5% were addressed individually. In a series of manuscripts accompanying this article, we provide recommendations for surveillance, focusing on when to initiate and/or discontinue specific screening measures, which modalities to use, and the frequency of screening. Points of controversy are also reviewed. We present the outcome of our deliberations on consensus screening recommendations for specific disorders in 18 position articles as Open Access publications, which are freely available on an AACR-managed website. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); e1-e5. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.

The Passion of Charles Péguy: Literature, Modernity, and the Crisis of Historicism. Glenn H. Roe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. vi+245.

<i>The Passion of Charles Péguy: Literature, Modernity, and the Crisis of Historicism</i>. Glenn H. Roe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. vi+245.

Theorizing epigenesis in a time of preexistence: From the end of the seventeenth century to the 1720s.

According to a classic periodization in the history of science, biological thought as it emerged in France from the last decades of the seventeenth century to the 1740s was strongly committed to the doctrine of the preexistence of germs. Nicolas Malebranche's role in disseminating this paradigm, particularly in the milieu of the Académie Royale des Sciences during the years when Bernard Le Bouyer de Fontenelle was its secretary, has been studied in detail, especially by Jacques Roger. However, much less has been said about the authors who argued against this doctrine prior to the appearance of the relevant pieces by Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, and Denis Diderot. I aim to examine a series of French medical treatises and clandestine manuscripts that outlined a mechanist theory of epigenesis, between the end of the seventeenth century and the 1720s, to bring to light the strategies-often quite original-that allowed them to achieve this result. One interesting case is the heterodox readers of Malebranche, which use some of his own arguments (notably on the physiology of brain traces and the laws of nature) both against preexistence and to support epigenesis. I inquire into the historical worth of the positions defended by these authors as well as into the connections existing between the history of epigenesis and that of materialism in the early modern era.

Complex Landscapes, Big Thinking, and Insects—Agroecology, an Evolving Field: The Established Researcher

When I started my Ph.D. in 1981, ecology as a biological discipline in Germany was in its infancy and still stuck in traditional ecophysiology, faunistics/floristics, and phytosociology approaches. While my enthusiasm for insects and, in particular, parasitic wasps had been aroused by inspiring university teachers, I found the interactions between organisms and their resources to be much more interesting and key to understanding ecosystem functioning than sheer estimates of patterns in species richness and distribution. Organisms’ lives are not independent of their biotic and abiotic environment, but are interwoven with many parts of their habitat, which determines ecological functions. That is why I started reading the book, “Insect Ecology” by Peter W. Price, together with my Ph.D. colleague Stefan Vidal. As we went carefully through all the pages and chapters, we were introduced to a new world of building and testing ecological hypotheses related to the functional role of biodiversity and the complexity of multitrophic interactions. Peter and his colleagues wrote a seminal paper on “Interactions among three trophic levels: influence of plants on interactions between insect herbivores and natural enemies” (Price et al. 1980), which embodied the main focus of his work on tritrophic plant–herbivore–predator/parasitoid interactions and greatly influenced my choice to study Phragmites-consuming gall midges and their rich parasitoid complex for my doctoral thesis. I was particularly interested in how trophic interactions are shaped by plant growth and other insects in Phragmites stands. Later, I expanded my studies to include the trophic interactions of insect communities of 10 additional grass species, following Price's method of using comparative approaches. Unfortunately, both my doctoral thesis in 1986, and later my habilitation, an independent peer-reviewed postdoctoral thesis in 1992, were written as monographs in German. At that time, writing in German was expected by the university and German was the language for professional meetings in ecology or entomology. As a result, publishing in English was very unusual for German ecologists in the 1980s (and still in the 1990s), due to not only language problems but also a simple lack of experience with the scientific writing style. This is why most of this research has been never recognized internationally. Starting in 1993, I got the chance to establish my agroecology laboratory with a new focus on how landscape structure affects local patterns and processes. However, all doctoral theses were still written in German, but since 2000, theses are composed of a series of chapters or manuscripts in English. Colleagues outside of Germany are now aware of our work. Many smart colleagues have influenced my research, which has shifted during my career from sociology to biology, from faunistics to multitrophic interactions, from a local to the landscape perspective, from temperate to tropical ecology, and from pure ecology to socioeconomic-ecological trade-offs. My approach to science has been most influenced by Peter Price and his hypotheses-driven view of how to best understand complex interactions. In 1993, I met him for the first time during a challenging Trans-Siberian Railway trip to a gall maker conference in eastern Siberia. I realized then that he is not only a keen thinker, but also has a most hospitable, entertaining, open-minded, and sympathetic personality.

The First Decade of ISS Exercise: Lessons Learned on Expeditions 1-25.

Long-duration spaceflight results in musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, and sensorimotor deconditioning. Historically, exercise has been used as a countermeasure to mitigate these deleterious effects that occur as a consequence of microgravity exposures. The International Space Station (ISS) exercise community describes their approaches, biomedical surveillance, and lessons learned in the development of exercise countermeasure modalities and prescriptions for maintaining health and performance among station crews. This report is focused on the first 10 yr of ISS defined as Expeditions 1-25 and includes only crewmembers with missions > 30 d on ISS for all 5 partner agencies (United States, Russia, Europe, Japan, and Canada). All 72 cosmonauts and astronauts participated in the ISS exercise countermeasures program. This Supplement presents a series of papers that provide an overview of the first decade of ISS exercise from a multidisciplinary, multinational perspective to evaluate the initial countermeasure program and record its operational limitations and challenges. In addition, we provide results from standardized medical evaluations before, during, and after each mission. Information presented in this context is intended to describe baseline conditions of the ISS exercise program. This paper offers an introduction to the subsequent series of manuscripts.

AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Diagnosis and therapy

The AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is one of the most common arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice. It is characterized by a constant heart rate and an on/off phenomenon. The clinical symptoms may include palpitations, anxiety, polyuria, and dyspnea. Typically, tachycardia may be disrupted by vagal maneuvers in many patients. First-line treatment of symptomatic AVNRT is radiofrequency ablation. The present article deals with the characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment of AVNRT in the EP lab. It is the second part of a series of manuscripts which may facilitate further education in the specific field of electrophysiology.

A Vaccine Meets Its Promise: Success in Controlling Epidemic Meningitis in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Over the last 4 years, a remarkable public health success has unfolded in Africa. The field introduction of a new group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (MenAfriVac), has been a stunning success, with the virtual disappearance of group A meningococcal meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa. The effort began with a plea from African ministers of health to “do something” after the dreadful 1996–1997 group A meningococcal epidemic with >250 000 reported cases. The World Health Organization (WHO) convened a series of international meetings where experts recommended that a new meningococcal group A conjugate vaccine be developed for Africa. In 2001, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded a grant of US$70 million to create the Meningitis Vaccine Project as a partnership between PATH and WHO, with the single goal of developing, licensing, and introducing at public health scale a group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine for sub-Saharan Africa, manufactured at the Serum Institute of India, Ltd. Using an innovative vaccine development model that paid close attention to product specifications to facilitate use of the vaccine in Africa (fewest doses required for compliance; relative stability outside cold chain) and affordability (less than US$0.50 per dose), the new vaccine, PsA-TT, was licensed by the Drug Controller General of India in December 2009 and prequalified by WHO in June 2010 [1]. The vaccine was introduced in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger in December 2010 and was enthusiastically accepted. By the end of that month, almost 20 million persons aged 1–29 years had been vaccinated, and the following epidemic season showed a dramatic reduction in group A meningococcal disease in all 3 countries. Vaccination campaigns have continued, and as of the end of 2014, >217 million Africans have been immunized in 15 countries. The vaccine has been shown to be safe and has generated herd protection, with control and near-elimination of group A meningococcal disease wherever it has been used [2–4]. The vaccine was further evaluated in infants and young children to prepare for its use in the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), an essential step to ensure that subsequent newborn cohorts are protected and that the public health benefits continue. With study results showing safety and strong immunogenicity of a single dose at the age of 9 months and following the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization recommendations of October 2014, the vaccine is now gradually introduced as a new EPI antigen in meningitis belt countries [5]. Participants in this effort have prepared a series of manuscripts that detail the many technical, epidemiologic, and public health steps that were associated with the development, introduction, and evaluation of this vaccine. The success of the project is a testimonial to the potential of public/private partnerships to develop needed vaccines that, when introduced, can have major impact to solve important public health problems. It is our hope that the lessons learned from this endeavor will inform similar future public health initiatives.

The Global Network Maternal Newborn Health Registry: a multi-national, community-based registry of pregnancy outcomes.

BackgroundThe Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research (Global Network) supports and conducts clinical trials in resource-limited countries by pairing foreign and U.S. investigators, with the goal of evaluating low-cost, sustainable interventions to improve the health of women and children. Accurate reporting of births, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, maternal mortality, and measures of obstetric and neonatal care is critical to efforts to discover strategies for improving pregnancy outcomes in resource-limited settings. Because most of the sites in the Global Network have weak registration within their health care systems, the Global Network developed the Maternal Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population-based registry of pregnancies at the Global Network sites to provide precise data on health outcomes and measures of care.MethodsPregnant women are enrolled in the MNHR if they reside in or receive healthcare in designated groups of communities within sites in the Global Network. For each woman, demographic, health characteristics and major outcomes of pregnancy are recorded. Data are recorded at enrollment, the time of delivery and at 42 days postpartum.ResultsFrom 2010 through 2013 Global Network sites were located in Argentina, Guatemala, Belgaum and Nagpur, India, Pakistan, Kenya, and Zambia. During this period, 283,496 pregnant women were enrolled in the MNHR; this number represented 98.8% of all eligible women. Delivery data were collected for 98.8% of women and 42-day follow-up data for 98.4% of those enrolled. In this supplement, there are a series of manuscripts that use data gathered through the MNHR to report outcomes of these pregnancies.ConclusionsDeveloping public policy and improving public health in countries with poor perinatal outcomes is, in part, dependent upon understanding the outcome of every pregnancy. Because the worst pregnancy outcomes typically occur in countries with limited health registration systems and vital records, alternative registration systems may prove to be highly valuable in providing data. The MNHR, an international, multicenter, population-based registry, assesses pregnancy outcomes over time in support of efforts to develop improved perinatal healthcare in resource-limited areas.Study Registration: The Maternal Newborn Health Registry is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT01073475).

Spanish Philology and the Arab Past: A Case Study

This article studies how modern philologists have reconstructed a now lost ninth-century Arabic chronicle, the so-called Chronicle of al-Razi , through the account found in fifteenth-century Castilian chronicles of the defeat of the last Visigothic king of Iberia, Rodrigo. In addition to exploring the construction of a textual history that is populated by a series of phantasmal Iberian translators, manuscripts, and copyists, the creation of a modern Castilian edition of this lost Arabic chronicle speaks to the ideological basis and desires of modern, national philology.