Series To Date Research Articles

Spatial–Temporal Changes in Land Use and Their Driving Forces in the Circum-Bohai Coastal Zone of China from 2000 to 2020

Over the past two decades, the location and morphology of the coastline, as well as the land use/land cover (LULC) in the Circum-Bohai region in China, have undergone significant changes due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. Analyzing the temporal and spatial variation in coastal lines and LULC can provide a meaningful basis for the rational allocation of land resources. Using Landsat TM/OLI series dates from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this study applied the Linear Superposition Water Index (LSWI) and the Otsu threshold method (OTSU) algorithm to extract and analyze the coastline of the Circum-Bohai region. Additionally, the Random Forests (RF) method was employed to extract LULC information in the coastal zone. Using the geographical detector, we further explored the influence of social and economic factors, as well as natural factors, on spatial differentiation mechanisms of LULC change in the Circum-Bohai. Our results show that between 2000 and 2020, the Circum-Bohai coastline generally expanded towards the ocean by a total of 1062.99 km. The highest rate of change occurred during 2010 to 2015, and human activities were the primary cause of most of the changes, with the exception of the Yellow River Delta, where natural factors were dominant. The main types of LULC in the study area from 2000 to 2020 were farmland and construction land. The area of farmland proportion decreased by 1.75%, while the area of construction land proportion increased from 16.73% to 29.54%. Our findings indicate that the degree of land use in the Circum-Bohai is deepening. Based on our factor detection analysis, the added value of the secondary industry was the most critical influencing factor on LULC. Furthermore, the combined effect of the added value of the secondary industry and gross domestic product (GDP) has a significant driving impact on LULC. These findings can provide reference and data support for the sustainable development and comprehensive management of land resources. The relevant departments can use these results to prompt corresponding policies for the rational allocation of land resources.

Clinical features of posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy in children

Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is a genetically heterogenous endothelial disease characterized by abnormalities of Descemet’s membrane and irregular endothelium with few reports in children. We present the largest case series to-date describing the clinical features of PPCD in children ≤15 years old with long-term follow-up.

14th BSGC2020 - Future Challenges for Geotechnical Engineering Preface

The Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference (BSGC) series dates back to 1968, making it one of the oldest regional geotechnical conferences. The 14th Baltic Sea Region Geotechnical Conference, originally scheduled to take place in Helsinki in May 2020, had to be postponed due to COVID19 pandemic. It finally took place as virtual conference on 18th-19th January 2021, arranged in parallel with the 18th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting (NGM). The conference attracted total of 271 participants from 32 countries, successfully allowing to share insights and discuss ideas related to Future Challenges for Geotechnical Engineering, the main topic of the meeting.This 14th BSGC proceedings contain 31 technical papers presented during the conference alongside 14 interesting industry presentations. In the proceedings, the papers are divided into sections related to:• Soil and rock investigations• Digital applications in geotechnics• Environmental Geotechnics and recycling• Modelling• Design experiences and theoretical solutions• Ports and foundation engineering• Case studies and geotechnical artFurthermore, three keynote speakers presented during the 14th BSGC. The signature keynote entitled Signatures and impacts of climate change in coastal environments of the Baltic Sea and affiliations was given by Professor Tarmo Soomere, the President of Estonian Academy of Sciences. The other two keynotes were awarded jointly with 18th NGM.List of Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee are available in the pdf.

Characteristics and Outcomes in Patients Presenting With COVID-19 and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

There is limited information regarding clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this multicenter retrospective study, we reviewed charts of patients admitted with symptomatic COVID-19 infection and STEMI to a total of 4 hospitals spanning Italy, Lithuania, Spain and Iraq from February 1, 2020 to April 15, 2020. A total of 78 patients were included in this study, 49 (63%) of whom were men, with a median age of 65 [58, 71] years, and high comorbidity burden. During hospitalization, 8 (10%) developed acute respiratory distress syndrome, and 14 (18%) required mechanical ventilation. 19 (24%) patients were treated with primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and 59 (76%) were treated with fibrinolytic therapy. 13 (17%) patients required cardiac resuscitation, and 9 (11%) died. For the 19 patients treated with primary PCI, 8 (42%) required intubation and 8 (42%) required cardiac resuscitation; stent thrombosis occurred in 4 patients (21%). A total of 5 patients (26%) died during hospitalization. 50 (85%) of the 59 patients initially treated with fibrinolytic therapy had successful fibrinolysis. The median time to reperfusion was 27 minutes [20, 34]. Hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 5 patients (9%). Six patients (10%) required invasive mechanical ventilation; 5 (9%) required cardiac resuscitation, and 4 (7%) died. In conclusion, this is the largest case series to-date of COVID-19 positive patients presenting with STEMI and spans 4 countries. We found a high rate of stent thrombosis, indicating a possible need to adapt STEMI management for COVID-19 patients.

Robotic assisted eTEP ventral hernia repair: Brazilian early experience.

The enhanced view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) concept first applied to inguinal hernias has become an important tool in the armamentarium of ventral hernia repair. The purpose of this report is to date the first brazilian robotic-assisted eTEP ventral hernia repair case series. A review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted in patients who underwent robotic-assisted enhanced view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) for ventral hernia repair between June 2018 and January 2020. Patients demographics, preoperative hernia characteristics, intraoperative variables and postoperative outcomes were evaluated. Our review identified 74 patients submitted to the procedure. Thirty-one patients (41.8%) presented primary ventral hernias (PVHs) and 43 patients (58.2%) presented incisional hernias (IHs). Female patients were predominant in both groups PVHs and IHs with 17 (22.9%) and 22 (29.7%) respectively, with a total of 39 patients (52.7%). Mean BMI was 29.1kg/m2 (range 21.3-48.0kg/m2) with higher mean BMI rates of 30.3kg/m2 in the IHs group (range 22-48years). A lateral dock setup was utilized in 55 cases (74.4%), having the inferior and superior dock setup in 18 (24.3%) and 1 (1.3%) cases respectively. Mean console time was 148.3 (range 75-277min) and 192.6min (range 66-301min) in the PVHs and IHs groups respectively. There were no intraoperative complications or conversions. Average length of stay was 1.5days. Four patients were readmitted within 30days of surgery. There were no reoperation or cases of intraparietal herniation in this cohort. No hernia recurrence was verified during the mean 230.7days of follow up in both groups. We present the first brazilian series to-date of the robotic assisted eTEP approach for ventral hernia repairs. Although long term outcomes require further analysis, its feasibility and reproducibility in experienced surgeons hands are evident, with safe and acceptable early postoperative outcomes.

Comparative review of outcomes: laparoscopic and robotic enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) access retrorectus repairs.

Building on the principles of eTEP access, described by Dr. Jorge Daes, our group has previously described and standardized a novel minimally invasive approach to restoration of the linea alba and repair of lateral atypical defects of the abdominal wall. The purpose of this report is to present comparative analysis of laparoscopic and robotic eTEP access retrorectus repairs. A retrospective review was conducted in patients who underwent laparoscopic eTEP (lap-eRS) and robotic-assisted eTEP (robo-eRS) Rives-Stoppa repairs between September 2015 and May 2018 at our institution. We analyzed the preoperative demographics and the perioperative outcomes. Our review identified 206 patients (Lap-eRS 120 vs. robo-eRS 86). The groups were comparable (p > 0.05) in gender distribution (47.6% vs. 53% male) and mean age (53.2 vs. 50.8years), but different (p < 0.05) in mean BMI (31.3vs. 34.4kg/m2) and ASA score (2.1 vs. 2.4). The robo-eRS group had a larger defect size (5.5vs. 7.1cm, p < 0.05), a longer mean operative time (120.4 vs. 174.7min, p < 0.05), and a higher hospitalizationcost ($5,091 vs. $6,751, p = 0.005) compared to the lap-eRS group. Average length of stay (0.2 vs. 0.1days), length of drain placement (5.3 vs. 5.7days), and reoperations (2.5% vs. 2.3%) were similar between lap-eRS and robo-eRS (p > 0.05). Patients in both groups (lap-eRS vs. robo-eRS) were followed for an average of 5.7months vs. 5.5months (p = .735) and showed similar recurrence rates (1.7% vs. 1.2%, p > 0.05). We present the largest series to-date of eTEP access laparoscopic and robotic ventral hernia retrorectus repairs. Morbidly obese patients and those with more complex abdominal wall defects were more likely to undergo a robo-eRS. The significantly longer operative time and higher hospital cost associated with the robo-eRS group may be in part due to these factors. Both robotic and laparoscopic eTEP Rives-Stoppa repairs are associated with favorable perioperative outcomes and low recurrence rates.

Artistic and aesthetic ideas in “Plays” for two pianos by P. Dambis

Artistic and aesthetic ideas in “Plays” for two pianos by P. Dambis

QENS, WINS and Other Friends

The origin of the QENS conferences series dates back to 1992, when its first edition—organized by Barbara Gabrys, Spencer Howells, Colin Carlile and Phil Salmon—was celebrated in Windsor, UK. Accor...

‘We can't pay’: how Italy dealt with war debts after World War I

The article deals with Italian inter-war debts against the background of the contentious international issue of war reparations that many Allied nations wanted to link to war debt repayments. Italy, having first achieved an extremely large haircut by restructuring US and UK debts in 1925-6, defaulted in 1934, after the Lausanne conference of 1932 failed to deliver war debt forgiveness. We construct a new series of Italian foreign debt from 1925 to 1934 that is consistent with the unfolding of relevant historical events. Starting in 1926, our values are much lower than the currently available foreign debt series. The reason is that the current series do not take into account the large haircut that Finance Minister Volpi extracted from the London debt accord of 1926. Then, beginning in 1932, the values of our series exceed the currently available series because we date the formal Italian exit of the US war debt to 1934, whereas the current series dates it to 1932, at Lausanne.

Solitary and multiple epidermolytic acanthoma: A demographic and clinical study of 131 cases.

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a rare, benign acquired cutaneous keratosis displaying epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in more than 50% of its surface. Because of the sparsity of comprehensive studies, little is known on the patient demographics and clinical characteristics of this uncommon entity. We wish to comprehensively characterize the clinical and demographic features of EA and to differentiate it from its mimickers. We carried out a retrospective review of 131 cases of EA, recorded clinical and histopathologic features and performed linear regression of yearly incidence rates to assess for possible under-reporting of this entity. EA affected both genders equally. We found 9.08 cases per 100 000 biopsy specimens per year and linear regression analysis showed significantly decreasing incidence rates. Analysis of the anatomical site distribution of EA lesions showed a more frequent genital location in men (39.1% of cases in men, as compared to 11.3% for women). Contrary to previous studies, lesions were most frequently single (91.7%) and the mean age of presentation was 57.8 years. The presented largest case series to-date indicates that EA is probably an underdiagnosed entity and establishes the demographic and clinical features of EA.

Earliest direct evidence of monument building at the archaeological site of Nan Madol (Pohnpei, Micronesia) identified using 230Th/U coral dating and geochemical sourcing of megalithic architectural stone

Archaeologists commonly use the onset of the construction of large burial monuments as a material indicator of a fundamental shift in authority in prehistoric human societies during the Holocene. High- quality direct evidence of this transition is rare. We report new interdisciplinary research at the archaeological site of Nan Madol that allows us to specify where and when people began to construct monumental architecture in the remote islands of the Pacific. Nan Madol is an ancient administrative and mortuary center and the former capital of the island of Pohnpei. It was constructed over 83 ha of lagoon with artificial islets and other architecture built using columnar basalt and coral. We employed geochemical sourcing of basalt used as architectural stone and high-precision uranium-thorium series dates (230Th/U) on coral from the tomb of the first chief of the entire island to identify the beginning of monument building at Nan Madol in AD 1180–1200. Over the next several centuries (AD 1300–1600) monument building began on other islands across Oceania. Future research should be aimed at resolving the causes of these social transformations through higher quality data on monument building.

Suspected Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity Confirmed in FewPatients After Gluten Challenge in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trials.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, gluten challenge has been proposed to confirm a diagnosis of nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) in patients without celiac disease who respond to a gluten-free diet. To determine the accuracy of this approach, we analyzed data from 10 double-blind, placebo-controlled, gluten-challenge trials, comprising 1312 adults. The studies varied in the duration of the challenge (range, 1 d to 6 wk), daily doses for the gluten challenge (range, 2-52 g; 3 studies administered <8 g/d), and composition of the placebo (gluten-free products, xylose, whey protein, rice, or corn starch containing fermentable carbohydrates). Most of the studies found gluten challenge to significantly increase symptom scores compared with placebo. However, only 38 of 231 NCGS patients (16%) showed gluten-specific symptoms. Furthermore, 40% of these subjects had a nocebo response (similar or increased symptoms in response to placebo). These findings reveal heterogeneity and potential methodology flaws among studies of gluten challenge, cast doubt on gluten as the culprit food component in most patients with presumptive NCGS, and highlight the importance of the nocebo effect in these types of studies.

Damped harmonic oscillator model for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of STM system

Recognizing and distinguishing the dynamic characteristics of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) system is fatal for studying STM image. In this paper, a method for analyzing system’s characteristics by using a damped harmonic oscillator model is presented. The model is driven by random force and all of its properties are described by damping and periodic. For the general solution of such harmonic oscillator’s Langevin equation is deduced and the auto-correlation function (ACF) is obtained for fitting curve. It is shown that damping and periodic property of the two curves have a good agreement by comparing the fitting curve with the auto-correlation curve of time series dates which are acquired by STM. It could be concluded that the damped harmonic oscillator model and auto-correlation method are feasible for analyzing the dynamic characteristics of STM system.

Metric and geometric morphometric analysis of new hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China)

We present an analysis of a set of previously unreported hominin fossils from Maba (Guangdong, China), a cave site that is best known for the presence of a partial hominin cranium currently assigned as mid-Pleistocene Homo and that has been traditionally dated to around the Middle-Late Pleistocene transition. A more recent set of Uranium series dates indicate that the Maba travertine may date to >237 ka (thousands of years ago), as opposed to the original U-series date, which placed Maba at 135–129 ka. The fossils under study include five upper first and second molars and a partial left mandible with a socketed m3, all recovered from different parts of the site than the cranium or the dated sediments. The results of our metric and 2D geometric morphometric (‘GM’) study suggest that the upper first molars are likely from modern humans, suggesting a more recent origin. The upper second molars align more closely with modern humans, though the minimum spanning tree from the 2D GM analysis also connects Maba to Homo neanderthalensis. The patterning in the M2s is not as clear as with the M1s. The m3 and partial mandible are morphometrically intermediate between Holocene modern humans and older Homo sapiens. However, a minimum spanning tree indicates that both the partial mandible and m3 align most closely with Holocene modern humans, and they also may be substantially younger than the cranium. Because questions exist regarding the context and the relationship of the dated travertine with the hominin fossils, we suggest caution is warranted in interpreting the Maba specimens.

Imiquimod therapy for extramammary Paget's disease of the vulva: A viable non-surgical alternative

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare intraepidermal adenocarcinoma that can affect the vulval skin. Surgical excision is the gold-standard treatment, however, recurrence rates are high and extensive excisions can produce long-lasting cosmetic and functional defects. We describe one of the largest case series to-date (n = 6) on the use of topical 5% imiquimod cream as a novel treatment option and discuss our experiences. With the addition of our six cases to the literature, there are now 29 documented cases of vulval EMPD treated with 5% imiquimod cream. Of these, 50% of primary disease cases and 73% of recurrent primary disease cases have achieved clinical resolution with 5% imiquimod therapy alone. These findings suggest that imiquimod provides a viable alternative to surgical excision for vulval EMPD. However, we acknowledge that this is a simple retrospective analysis and that treatment scheduling and follow-up needs investigation in a trial setting.

17th International Symposium on Separation Sciences. News and Beauty in Separation Sciences

This special issue of Chromatographia contains the papers presented at the 17th International Symposium on Separation Sciences, News and Beauty in Separation Sciences (17th ISSS) held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania on September 5–9, 2011. This international symposium was a scientific meeting organized annually after 2002 by the member countries of the Central European Group for Separation Sciences (CEGSS). This year, the 18th ISSS is being held in conjunction with the 29th ISC in Torun, Poland, and next year, the 19th ISSS will take place in Croatia. The origin of the ISSS series (not to be confused with the EuSSS) dates back to a GC meetings held in Zagreb in 1967. From 1990, these meetings were organized biennially in Bled (Slovenia) and in Opatija (Croatia) until 1998. During the 4th ISSS in October 1996, it was decided to extend scientific cooperation by inviting societies from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary and Slovakia to participate. Currently, ten countries including Austria, Bosnia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine are members of the CEGSS. The 17th ISSS was the first symposium of this series of meetings to be held in Romania. The symposium was organized by the Cluj Branch of the Romanian Chemical Society (SChR), under the auspices of the SChR, the CEGSS, the EuSSS, the Babes-Bolyai University from Cluj-Napoca (BBU) and the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research (ANCS) (Fig. 1). As a preliminary to this symposium in 4–5 September 2011, the Second Meeting of the ‘‘Transylvania Summer School in Chromatography’’ (tssc’2011) entitled ‘‘Past, Present and Future in Chromatography’’ was organized where Professors Boguslaw Buszewski, Attila Felinger, Pavel Jandera, Jozef Lehotay and Hartmut Frank gave tutorials about fundamentals, practices and ethics in separation sciences. The Summer School was very useful for young scientists to enrich their knowledge about the current progress in chromatography and related separation techniques. It also gave them the opportunity to establish new contacts with their colleagues from other locations. The tssc’2011 participants were allowed to attend the 17th ISSS scientific programme and exhibitions. The 17th ISSS was focused on the fundamental and practical aspects of separation and detection methods, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques applied to analytical, preparative and industrial purposes. The symposium allowed scientists from academia and industry from around the world to present their latest results and to establish new collaborations. I wish to offer special thanks to all the people who submitted abstracts covering many areas of separation sciences in chemistry, biology, pharmacy, medicine, environment, ecology, food and life science. The opening ceremony started with a welcoming address by the symposium chair followed by Professor Florin Stamatian, the prefect of Cluj County, Professor Buszewski, the president of the EuSSS and Professor Victor Corneliu Radu, the vice president of the SChR (Fig. 2). The opening ceremony continued with a talk by Professor Alexandru Simon from the Centre for Transylvania Studies on ‘‘Cluj-Napoca, Transylvania’s Treasure City’’. The opening concluded with a performance of folk dances by a company from the Children’s Palace. V. Coman (&) Babes-Bolyai University, Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania e-mail: coman_virginia@yahoo.com

Age‐specific reference values for cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration in neonates and young infants

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein values decline over the first few months of life as the infant's blood-CSF barrier matures. However, published studies differ in the reported rate, timing, and magnitude of this decline. To quantify the age-related changes in CSF protein concentration and to determine accurate, age-specific reference values for neonates and young infants. This cross-sectional study included infants age 56 days or younger who had a lumbar puncture performed in the emergency department of an urban tertiary care children's hospital between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2007. Infants with conditions associated with elevated CSF protein concentrations, including traumatic lumbar puncture and bacterial or viral meningitis, were excluded. Of 1064 infants undergoing lumbar puncture, 375 (35%) met inclusion criteria. The median CSF protein value was 58 mg/dL (interquartile range: 48-72 mg/dL). In linear regression, the CSF protein concentration decreased 6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4%-8.1%; P < 0.001) with each 1 week increase in age. The 95th percentile values were 115 mg/dL for infants ≤28 days and 89 mg/dL for infants 29-56 days. The 95th percentile values by age category were as follows: ages 0-14 days, 132 mg/dL; ages 15-28 days, 100 mg/dL; ages 29-42 days, 89 mg/dL; and ages 43-56 days, 83 mg/dL. We quantify the age-related decline in CSF protein concentration among infants 56 days of age and younger and provide age-specific reference values. The values reported here represent the largest series to-date for this age group.

Paraspinous Muscle Flap Reconstruction of Complex Midline Back Wounds

With increasingly complex spine surgeries now being performed on a more comorbid patient population, the reconstruction of midline back wounds from these procedures is becoming a frequent dilemma encountered by plastic surgery. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of various preoperative risk factors on postoperative wound healing complications after paraspinous muscle flap reconstruction of midline back defects. An Institutional Review Board-approved, 11-year, retrospective, office and hospital chart review was conducted. All adult patients who underwent paraspinous muscle flap reconstruction during the study period were included. There were 92 patients in the study, representing the largest reported series to-date for the paraspinous muscle flap procedure. Mean follow-up was 120 days. Several wound-healing risk factors were present in this patient population: 72% were malnourished, 41% had hypertension, 37% were obese, 34% had a history of smoking, 32% had diabetes, 16% were on chronic steroids, 14% had a history of more than 2 previous spine surgeries, and 9% had a history of radiation to the wound area. Factors significantly (P < 0.05) associated with postreconstruction wound complications included history of traumatic spine injury, prereconstruction hardware removal, a history of more than 2 spine surgeries, hypertension, and lumbar wound location. This patient population possesses multiple comorbidities making complex wound healing difficult. Several specific risk factors are associated with an increased rate of postreconstruction wound complications after paraspinous muscle flaps. The paraspinous muscle flap remains an important tool for spinal wound reconstruction in the reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium.

Uranium series dates from the windy pits of the North York Moors, United Kingdom: implications for late Quaternary ice cover and timing of speleogenesis

AbstractWindy pits are open fissures within the Corallian strata of the North York Moors. Here we present nine thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U–Th dates on speleothem from the windy pits, the first radiometric dates on calcite for these features and for this region. The dates cluster within three time periods: the interglacial peaks of marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 (∼208 to ∼190 ka), MIS 5 (∼127 ka to ∼109 ka) and the Holocene, correlating with the marine isotope record and with the broad pattern of interglacial calcite deposition observed for northern England. However, of the two high‐resolution studies available for comparison, the windy‐pit dates match only the Lancaster Hole dates. The location of the windy pits outside of the Devensian ice limits, within the ice‐free but periglaciated region, suggests that the region has remained ice‐free since some time before MIS 7. The prevalence of widespread and prolonged permafrost conditions suggests a plausible mechanism for these open rift caves in slope‐side periglacial mass movement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Sea level and paleotemperature records from a mid-Holocene reef on the North coast of Java, Indonesia

Mid-Holocene age fossil-fringing reefs occur along the tectonically stable north coast of Java, Indonesia, presenting an opportunity for sea level and paleoclimate reconstruction. The fossil reef at Point Teluk Awur, near Jepara, Central Java, contains two directly superposed horizons of Porites lobata microatolls. Corals in the lower horizon, 80 cm above modern sea level, yielded Uranium series dates of 7090 ± 90 year BP, while corals in the upper horizon at 1.5 m grew at 6960 ± 60 year BP. These dates match the transgressive phase of regional sea-level curves, but suggest a mid-Holocene highstand somewhat older than that recorded on mid-Pacific islands. Paleotemperature was calibrated using Sr/Ca and δ18O values of a modern P. lobata coral and the locally measured sea surface temperature (SST), yielding SST–Sr/Ca and SST–δ18O calibration equations [T Sr/Ca = 91.03–7.35(Sr/Ca) and $$ T_{{\delta^{18} {\text{O}}}} $$ = −3.77 to −5.52(δ18O)]. The application of the local equations to Sr/Ca and δ18O measurements on these corals yielded a range of temperatures of 28.8 ± 1.7°C, comparable to that of the modern Java Sea (28.4 ± 0.7°C). A paleo-salinometer [Δδ18O = ∂δ18O/∂T ( $$ T_{{\delta^{18} {\text{O}}}} $$ − T Sr/Ca)], re-calculated using the local parameters, also suggests Java Sea mid-Holocene paleosalinity similar to modern values.