Seram Research Articles

Upa Adat-Based Education Management at Lumah Ajare Traditional School on Seram Island

This research aims to describe the context of the Upa Indigenous People on Manggadua and analyze the management of Upa indigenous-based education at the Indigenous School of Lumah Ajare on Seram Island. This research used realist ethnographic research. This research data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data validity testing was carried out using technical triangulation and source triangulation. The data analysis technique uses qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques with the Miles and Huberman model. The results of this research show that the Upa Indigenous People in Manggadua are the Upa people with the surname Lilihata who have lived in Saunulu for a long time. They carry out the practice of inheriting Upa traditional knowledge through the organization of the School Indigenous of Lumah Ajare. Upa indigenous-based education management at the Indigenous School of Lumah Ajare is implemented through the POAC model. This illustrates the planning of the student Siwa curriculum which combines nature and tradition as its basis in a simple manner containing nine main materials; have clear organizing by involving Care Community Local communities of Lumah Ajare as a facilitator and Indigenous Peoples as the highest decision makers; actuating, learning that runs flexibly in Indigenous Community groups; as well as controlling or supervising that is carried out well by all elements of the Indigenous Community. Upa's indigenous-based education management research can have positive implications for the sustainable inheritance of indigenous knowledge in the lives of the Seram Island Indigenous People.

Revision of the subgenus Chalcotaenia of Paracupta (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae) and specification of Buprestis xanthocera Boisduval, 1835 as the type-species of the genus Paracupta

Subgenus Chalcotaenia Deyrolle, 1864 of Paracupta Deyrolle, 1864 is revised based on comparative study of extensive material including types of all described taxa. Buprestis xanthocera Boisduval, 1835 is specified as the type-species of genus Paracupta Deyrolle, 1864 and redescribed. Four new species are described: Paracupta (Chalcotaenia) gottwaldi sp. nov. from Solomon Islands: Ranongga Island; P. (C.) horaki sp. nov. from Indonesia: Seram Island; P. (C.) jakli sp. nov. from Solomon Islands: Guadalcanal and Malaita islands; P. (C.) laperousei sp. nov. from Indonesia: Bacan, Halmahera and Mandioli islands. Neotype is designated for Chrysodema lamberti Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1837 [Paracupta (Chalcotaenia) lamberti] and lectotype is designated for Buprestis xanthocera Boisduval, 1835 [Paracupta (Paracupta) xanthocera] to ensure their correct application and recognition in future. One new synonymy of subgenus: Paracupta Deyrolle, 1864 = Bojasinskia Hołyński, 2009 and one new synonymy of species: Buprestis xanthocera Boisduval, 1835 = Paracupta leveri Théry, 1934 are established. Paracupta isabellina Kerremans, 1900, P. rennelli Hołyński, 2014 and P. toxopeusi Obenberger, 1932 are transferred to subgenus Chalcotaenia. All herein included taxa are illustrated with colour photographs of habitus and the male aedeagus. A key to all taxa is presented.

Prevalence of Fasciolosis Among Cattle in The Ambon’s Slaughterhouse

Background: Fasciola spp. are well-known parasites with outstanding adaptation, contributing to infection among various ruminants, and causing zoonotic infections worldwide over the last three decades, especially in developing countries. However, their presence has been underestimated as a public health concern. The slaughterhouse is an authorized facility that provides safe and healthy meat; therefore, routine inspection for any zoonotic disease should be performed. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of fasciolasis in cattle at an Ambon slaughterhouse. Methods: Fresh feces were collected from 42 cattle and the presence of Fasciola spp. using the sedimentation method. Data were descriptively analyzed, and Fisher’s exact test and odds ratio analysis were used to identify the association between risk factors. Results: The overall prevalence of fasciolasis was found to be 7.14%. Cattles > 2 years old were 5.33 times more at risk than younger ones, while cattle from Seram Island were 13 times more susceptible to fasciolasis. No noticeable discrepancies were observed in the prevalence rates of bulls and cows. This study revealed that infection occurred before cattle departure, which started at their origin and was associated with age as an intrinsic factor. The physiological status, geographic conditions, and management systems are predicted to provide a suitable niche for the parasite life cycle. Conclusion: Although the rate of infection was low, it should be considered a risk and appropriately handled before sale. As this study was the first to investigate Fasciola infection in Ambon slaughterhouses, further studies are recommended to reveal other possible risk factors.

3-D P-wave velocity structure of the upper mantle beneath eastern Indonesia from body wave tomography

Eastern Indonesia's tectonic setting is well known for its complexity and intense seismic activity. Controlled by several major and minor plates, including the Eurasian, Australian, and Pacific plates, this region is famous for its U-shaped subduction system beneath the Banda Arc. To better understand the architecture of the underlying structure in this region, we performed body-wave travel time tomography using ten years of catalog data provided by the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics. We utilize 9729 events in total, from which 46,446 P-wave arrival times were extracted. We used a double difference method to relocate the initial event catalog, which produced a pattern of seismicity consistent with a curved subduction system. Our tomographic model reveals a high velocity band between 90 and 240 km depth in the upper mantle, which is interpreted to be a concave dipping lithospheric slab that is parallel to the present-day Banda arc. Our results also show that lithosphere subducting from the north and south starts to collide at a depth of 300–350 km and becomes shallower further east. Apparent discontinuities in the high velocity band and a corresponding lack of seismicity supports the presence of a slab tear to the west of Seram. A dipping high velocity structure that is present from south to north beneath the island of Timor represents a subducting slab that dips more steeply beyond a depth of 150–200 km, which appears consistent with slab roll-back. Our tomographic model also shows evidence of back arc thrusting to the north of Sumbawa and Flores Islands in the form of a south-dipping higher velocity band at shallow depth. Furthermore, our tomographic models also reveal the possible presence of underthrust continental forearc in the form of a thin higher velocity anomaly that connects the backarc thrust and northward dipping lithosphere slab in the Timor area. Finally, a zone of low velocity above the higher velocity slab is clearly seen beneath Seram Island at a depth of ∼100 km and may represent a partial melting zone.

Pelatihan pembuatan minuman probiotik fermentasi dari limbah kulit nanas (Ananas comosus L.) di Desa Seruawan

Pineapple skin is an ingredient that can be processed into a probiotic drink. The biggest component of pineapple peel waste besides water is carbohydrates. Pineapple skin can be a good substrate as a source of microbial growth. Pineapple skin can reach 47% of the total fruit and has a chemical composition of 87.80% water, 8.60% sugar and 1.35% reducing sugar. The potential chemical content of pineapple skin has encouraged many researchers to create fermented prebiotic drink products. The ingredients used in making pineapple peel fermented probiotic drinks include: pineapple fruit, fermented yeast, water, palm sugar, cinnamon and granulated sugar. This community service activity was carried out with the aim of educating the public about how to make pineapple peel prebiotic drinks for household scale. There is a need for training in making fermented prebiotic drinks from pineapple peel in local communities. This training will be carried out for the community in Seruawan village, Seram Island, Maluku.

Understanding group capabilities for small-scale tuna fishery certification in Indonesia

Fair Trade USA Capture Fisheries Standard (CFS) requires small-scale fishers to be organized in groups before getting certified against its voluntary sustainability standard. This raises questions about what groups (can) do to enable individual fishers to participate in and benefit from certification. This study uses a capabilities framework to understand this dynamic. We use a case study of handline tuna fishery in Maluku, Indonesia. Three clusters of groups are included: the groups in Buru Island that have been certified by Fair Trade USA Capture Fisheries Standard and Marine Stewardship Council, the groups in Seram Island that have been certified by Fair Trade USA, and the groups in Buru and Seram Islands that have been excluded from Fair Trade USA certification. The results show how group capabilities play an essential role in group and individual fisher certification. We conclude that there is a need to support group certification as a mechanism to govern sustainability in small-scale fisheries. To achieve group certification policy interventions beyond the certification stakeholders are needed to provide conditions supportive for group capabilities.

MINERAL PHYSICS ANALYSIS OF ALLUVIAL ROCKS AS A SOURCE OF SHALLOW HYDROCARBON SEEPAGE IN BELIS VILLAGE, WARU BASIN, EASTERN SERAM ISLAND, MALUKU PROVINCE

Belis Village is located in the Waru basin adjacent to the Bula basin on the eastern part of Seram Island and has potential shallow hydrocarbon manifestations. This research aims to determine the mineralogical characteristics of the rocks that make up shallow hydrocarbon manifestations at the research location. The research method used is physical analysis of minerals including petrographic analysis and XRD methods. The analysis results of the XRD method show an abundance of quartz minerals at 58%, followed by clay minerals at 35%, opaque minerals at 25%, and the rest in the form of cavities while feldspar minerals are secondary minerals. The results of the XRD analysis show that the more dominant mineral is protoenstatite (MgSio3) with an average abundance of 70.33% as a carrier of shallow hydrocarbon seeps, Quartz (SiO2) with an average abundance of 18.46%, and Clinoestatite with an average abundance of 11.21% as a mineral associated with shallow hydrocarbon seeps.

A new automated procedure to obtain reliable moment tensor solutions of small to moderate earthquakes (3.0 ≤ M ≤ 5.5) in the Bayesian framework

SUMMARY The complete catalogue of moment tensor (MT) solutions is essential for a wide range of research in solid earth science. However, the number of reliable MT solutions for small to moderate earthquakes (3.0 ≤ M ≤ 5.5) is limited due to uncertainties arising from data and theoretical errors. In this study, we develop a new procedure to enhance the resolvability of MT solutions and provide more reliable uncertainty estimates for these smaller to moderate earthquakes. This procedure is fully automatic and efficiently accounts for both data and theoretical errors through two sets of hybrid linear–non-linear Bayesian inversions. In the inversion process, the covariance matrix is estimated using an empirical approach: the data covariance matrix is derived from the pre-event noise and the theoretical covariance matrix is derived from the residuals of the initial solution. We conducted tests using synthetic data generated from the 3-D velocity model and interference from background seismic noise. The tests found that using a combination of the non-Toeplitz data covariance matrix and the Toeplitz theoretical covariance matrix improves the solution and its uncertainties. Test results also suggest that including a theoretical covariance matrix when analysing MT in complex tectonic regions is essential, even if we have the best 1D velocity model. The application to earthquakes in the northern region of the Banda Arc resulted in the first published Regional Moment Tensor (RMT) catalogue, containing more than three times the number of trusted solutions compared to the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (GCMT) and the Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Moment Tensor (BMKG-MT) catalogue. The comparison shows that the trusted solutions align well with the focal mechanism of the GCMT and BMKG-MT, as well as with the maximum horizontal stress of the World Stress Map, and tectonic conditions in the study area. The newly obtained focal mechanisms provide several key findings: (i) they confirm that the deformation in the northern and eastern parts of Seram Island is influenced by oblique intraplate convergence rather than by the subduction process; (ii) they validate the newly identified Amahai Fault with a greater number of focal mechanisms and (iii) they reveal an earthquake Mw 4.7 with the same location and source mechanism 6 yr before the 2019 Ambon-Kairatu earthquake (Mw 6.5) which occurred on a previously unidentified fault.

The Designing Garuda Indonesia Travel Fair Event Poster At Garuda Indonesia Booth Using Maluku Kakehan Motifs

Indonesian tourism is a key driver of the national economy, with the potential to spur significant economic growth. The Indonesian Ministry of Tourism is committed to enhancing both the quantity and quality of tourism through various initiatives. Collaborative efforts between the government, industry, and community groups are exemplified in events like the Travel and Holiday Fair Jakarta, Indonesia Tourism Creative Economic Fair Jakarta, and Garuda Indonesia Travel Fair (GATF). These travel fairs are becoming essential sales promotion strategies for the Indonesian tourism industry, helping to introduce new products and stimulate public interest.One such initiative, the Garuda Indonesia Travel Fair, also plays a vital role in promoting the rich cultural heritage of Maluku by featuring the Kakehan Motif, a stylized sun ornament symbol from the Alifuru tribe on Seram Island. This study, using descriptive qualitative methods, explores the design of a booth exhibition that incorporates the Kakehan Motif to showcase and celebrate Maluku’s culture. The booth not only serves as a promotional platform for Maluku Province at the Garuda Indonesia Travel Fair but also acts as a communication medium, offering visitors an immersive experience. It provides a practical space for the creative expression of ideas and serves as a promotional tool for companies, institutions, and organizations. Through this visual media, the booth aims to elevate the Kakehan Motif's prominence, contributing to the broader efforts of cultural preservation and tourism promotion in Indonesia.

Analysis of Land Water Balance in Various Rainfall Conditions and Its Utilization to Determine Planting Patterns of Food Crops in the Eastern Part of Seram District of Seram Island

Soil water balance calculation is one of the methods used to estimate the dynamics of soil water content during plant growth. This study aims to describe rainfall conditions and analyze soil water balance as well as determine the growing season and composition of food crop combination patterns based on the available growing season in East Seram Island. This research uses rainfall data for 30 years of observation period 1992-2021 from Geser Meteorological Station (Data analysis with the following stages: (i) rainfall analysis (ii) calculation of average rainfall (iii) determination of rainfall with a 75% chance (iv) calculation of soil water balance using the Thornthwaite and Mather method (v) determination of the growing season and cropping pattern. The results showed that the average rainfall in East Seram was 2,194 mm/year with a water deficit (D) occurring in October and November, then the rainfall had a 75% chance of being exceeded at 1,439 mm/year with a water deficit of 228 mm/year which lasted for eight months, namely August - March. The growing season under normal rainfall conditions was available throughout the year, while under high rainfall conditions, a 75% chance of the growing season was available for five months, namely May and October. The cropping patterns and crop combinations used were monoculture, polyculture, and intercropping with combinations of cassava, maize, sweet potato, groundnut, mung bean, cassava-corn, cassava-peanuts/green beans, maize-peanuts, cassava-corn-peanuts/green beans, cassava-corn-horticultural crops.

Sedimentation Management Good Practice (SMGP) to Manage Sedimentation at Kawanua Flood Disaster, Seram Island

Flood natural disasters are almost certain to occur every rainy season. Rain with very high intensity occurred on July 9th, 2023 causing an increase in water discharge which made the river overflow and the Kawanua Bridge collapse. In the upstream area of the river, there is Kawa check dam which has experienced a huge amount of sedimentation due to the top of the crest check dam being covered by fallen trees. This study aims to determine the magnitude of the rate of erosion and sedimentation that occurs in the catchment area in the upper reaches of the river and find out where the source of sedimentation comes from, then the most appropriate solution can be decided, and a similar disaster does not occur. This research used a USLE method to calculate the erosion and sedimentation rate. The results showed that 37.88% of the catchment area was classified as a low level of erosion. Meanwhile, the moderate level of erosion represented 29.42%. Sedimentation Management Good Practice (SMGP) is a concept used to analyze erosion and sedimentation problems. The recommendations given by the SMGP concept have sustainable characteristics that minimize damage to the water environment. Additional recommendations are given by collaborating between government institutions related to catchment area and forest area management authority.

Mengubah Tradisi Lisan Masyarakat Menjadi Tradisi Tulisan: Menjaga Eksistensi Negeri Adat di Negeri Samasuru Kecamatan Teluk Elpaputih Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

The country is a territorial area of settlement of indigenous peoples who have built interactions with each other since ancient times and over a long period to form a culture as a tradition of customs. The country and its traditions and customs constitute an identity for both the individual and the collective community of its adherents. Apart from that, transforming previous generations' knowledge through oral storytelling will significantly contribute to the low level of understanding and shift in the meaning of traditional values. This Community Service aims to provide knowledge or experience to the community about the importance of maintaining traditional identity for future generations by transforming traditional understanding of the country's customs on Seram Island, Maluku, in writing so that their substantial meaning can be known and understood well. Results of Community Service It is hoped that it can contribute to the sustainability of the traditional values of Samasuru Country in particular and other traditional areas in Maluku and Indonesia in general.

Sosialisasi Tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Adat Yapio Patai di Elpaputih, Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

Introduction: On Seram Island, there is an association of customary law communities who live in groups in a certain form, known in the Wemale language as "Yapio Patai". Yapio means looking, and seeing, while Patai means fellowship. Yapio Patai is a form of customary law community association consisting of 38 families/clans. This alliance has not been regulated in the current village/state government system based on statutory regulations.Purposes of Devotion: The purpose of this article is to convey the results of socialization which is the result of previous research, that Yapio Patai can be categorized as a Fam/Clan Confederation. Method of Devotion: This activity was carried out using the method of socializing the law to the public based on the results of previous research by the team, which was carried out empirically.Results of the Devotion: The results of the service show that Yapio Patai is still accepted by the people of the Yapio Patai alliance as a form of traditional government that continues to live and function amid the alliance. The existence of Yapio Patai is a fam/clan confederation consisting of 38 fam/clans, which still exist even though they are spread across 7 hamlets or villages.

Introducing Indonesian endemism, its threat and conservation solution for SMA Negeri 10 students in Kamarian Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku

West Seram Regency on Seram Island in Maluku Province, Indonesia has extraordinary biodiversity and is the habitat of several endemic species of Maluku and Indonesia. As a form of implementation of the dharma of community service, socialization was conducted with students of SMA Negeri 10 in Kamarian Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku about Indonesian endemism, its threats and conservation. The socialization was attended by 38 students. The socialization results indicate that 91% of students demonstrated a good understanding of endemic species, and 82% of students obtained information on endemic species from this activity. Additionally, students were able to identify 11 Indonesian endemic species, as well as the threats and efforts to protect them. This activity has the potential to increase environmental awareness among school students, the nation's young generation.

Rainfall Variability and Its Influence on P Palm Oil Productivity (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.): Case Study at PT. Nusaina Group Seram Island Province Maluku

Rainfall variability significantly influences plant productivity; including palm oil. This research aims to describe rainfall variability and its influence on oil palm productivity on Seram Island, Maluku Province. The data collected consists of rainfall, palm oil production data and supporting data. The analytical method used consists of generating rainfall data, analyzing extreme rainfall conditions and regression analysis to see the relationship between rainfall and palm oil productivity. The research results show that the El Nino rainfall anomaly at the research location in the 1992-2021 period occurred 8 times with a frequency of once every 2 - 6 years or an average of once every 3 years. La Nina occurs 7 times with a frequency of 1 – 10 years or an average of once every 4 years. The very extreme El Nino caused a reduction in rainfall at the research location by 888 mm or 40% of normal conditions, whereas the very extreme La Nina event resulted in an increase in rainfall of 1491 mm or 58% of normal conditions. Rainfall variability is very closely related to oil palm productivity with the regression equation Y = 94.05 – 0.1558x + 0.000083x 2 – 10 -8 x 3 and the accuracy level R 2 is 98.6%.

List of Orchid Species along the Northern Trekking Route of Mount Binaiya, Seram Island, Maluku - Indonesia

Orchidaceae is widely distributed on Earth with major distribution in the tropical regions, including Indonesia. Seram Island located in Maluku Province Indonesia has a high potential to become a habitat for various species of Australasian orchids. Orchid diversity tends to be related to altitude variations in the area that indirectly contribute to creating microclimate variations. One area on Seram Island with various variations in altitude is Mount Binaiya within the Manusela National Park area. This study aims to identify orchid species found on Mount Binaiya. The exploration method was used on the northern trekking route of Mount Binaiya, divided into Waisamata, Kanikeh, Waiansela, and Waihuhu areas. Based on the result, 47 species of orchids were obtained, which belong to the subfamilies Epidendroideae (35 species), Orchidoideae (11 species), and Vanilloideae (1 species). Based on the life form, 25 species were epiphytes, while 22 species were terrestrial orchids. Waisamata had the highest number of species (23 species), followed by Waiansela (14 species), Waihuhu (14 species), and Kanikeh (8 species). Of all these species, some that need further research are Corybas spp., Cyrtosia nana, Pterostylis papuana, Glomera papuana, and Mediocalcar pygmaeum. Some species are new records in their distribution or rediscoveries of existing records.

INVENTARISASI FONEM BAHASA SERAM TIMUR DI MANOKWARI, PAPUA BARAT

This research aims to describe the inventory and distribution of phonemes in the East Seram language in Manokwari, West Papua. The data consists of 850 Swadesh core vocabularies obtained in the East Seram language from people from Seram Island who now live in Manokwari. Data sources were obtained from informants' responses or answers to questions asked by researchers both orally and in writing and summarized in a Swadesh list. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected in depth through direct interaction with informant subjects through observation, interviews, and audio recordings. The process of analyzing the data encompasses transcribing the data, creating a phoneme inventory, and categorizing sounds according to different features, such as articulation and distribution, to recognize vowel and consonant phonemes in the language of East Seram in Manokwari, West Papua. This process includes analyzing phoneme usage patterns in words in initial, middle, and final positions. The results of the data analysis concluded that the East Seram language in Manokwari, West Papua, has 23 segmental phonemes consisting of 18 consonants and five vowels (monophthongs). These phonemes are: p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /c/, /j/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /s/, /h/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /r/, /l/, /w/, /y/, a/, /i/, /u/, /e/ and /o/.

Seismic Hazard Assessment in Maluku Province Using PSHA

On 10 January 2023, a strong earthquake with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.5 occurred in Banda Sea, Maluku Province. This earthquake caused casualties around the epicentre due to the building collapse which was not an earthquake-resistant structure. A high level of seismic vulnerability and non-standard infrastructure often result in large losses when earthquakes occur. Therefore, mapping of earthquake-prone areas needs to be carried out to optimize the mitigation efforts based on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Spectrum Acceleration (SA) values. In this paper, mitigation efforts are carried out by mapping earthquake-prone areas using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) which considers the potential of each complex earthquake source in Maluku Province. Input data was obtained from several earthquake catalogues such as Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS), International Seismological Center (ISC), and United States Geological Survey (USGS) which were processed and analyzed using the Matlab, ZMap, and R-CRISIS programs and mapped using the ArcMap program. The results of PSHA show that Maluku Province is a region with varying levels of earthquake vulnerability. The research results show that the distribution hazard value on PGA in Maluku Province reaches 0.02g to 0.48g for a return period of 500 years and 0.04g to 0.79g for a return period of 2,500 years and on SA for periods of 0.20 seconds and 1.00 second reaches 0.04g to 0.89g and 0.01g to 0.22g for a return period of 500 years and 0.07g to 1.48g and 0.02g to 0.35g for a return period of 2,500 years, respectively. The highest level of vulnerability is in the northern region including Seram Island, Way Apu Island and Ambon Island and the lowest level of vulnerability is in the eastern region including Aru Island.

Yapio Patai as a Clan Confederation of Negeri-Negeri in Customary Governance on Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia

Yapio Patai as a Clan Confederation of Negeri-Negeri in Customary Governance on Seram Island, Eastern Indonesia

Spatial Structure of Equatorial Landscapes of the Merkele Ridge (Seram Island, Indonesia)

Spatial Structure of Equatorial Landscapes of the Merkele Ridge (Seram Island, Indonesia)