Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design Research Articles

Contribution of the Pilot Study for Methodological Enrichment of the Main Study

Introduction: A Pilot Study (PS) is useful for the assessment of the practicability of the methods and processes as well as the management of challenges before the main final study. The PS was conducted for the preparation of the mixed-method study related to nurses’ and parents’ perspectives regarding preterm infants’ care practice in neonatal care units (NCUs) in Nepal. Methods: Mixed method PS was conducted among nurses and mothers of preterm infants (PTIs) admitted to a NCU of an academic tertiary hospital. For data collection among nurses, a self-administered questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) were used in the quantitative and qualitative phases respectively. Whereas in-person interviews and in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted among mothers in the quantitative and qualitative phases respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis methods. Results: The major amendments based on PS findings were the study design from convergent parallel to exploratory sequential mixed-method design for contextual instrument development, the addition of the observation method of data collection for enhancing the validity of the findings related to care practice, and the inclusion of both parents of PTIs instead of only mothers. The PS was also useful for providing the experience of qualitative and mixed-method study for the researcher for the final study, especially for the qualitative part. Conclusion: This article reflects the contribution of the PS to the main mixed-method study. Therefore, it is worthy to conduct the PS to enhance the methodological rigor of the study. It is commendable to discuss and disseminate the PS findings.

The design and evaluation of gamified online role-play as a telehealth training strategy in dental education: an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study

To evaluate user perceptions and educational impact of gamified online role-play in teledentistry as well as to construct a conceptual framework highlighting how to design this interactive learning strategy, this research employed an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Participants were requested to complete self-perceived assessments toward confidence and awareness in teledentistry before and after participating in a gamified online role-play. They were also asked to complete a satisfaction questionnaire and participate in an in-depth interview to investigate their learning experience. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and framework analysis. There were 18 participants who completed self-perceived assessments and satisfaction questionnaire, in which 12 of them participated in a semi-structured interview. There were statistically significant increases in self-perceived confidence and awareness after participating in the gamified online role-play (P < 0.001). In addition, the participants were likely to be satisfied with this learning strategy, where usefulness was perceived as the most positive aspect with a score of 4.44 out of 5, followed by ease of use (4.40) and enjoyment (4.03). The conceptual framework constructed from the qualitative findings has revealed five key elements in designing a gamified online role-play, including learner profile, learning settings, pedagogical components, interactive functions, and educational impact. The gamified online role-play has demonstrated its potential in improving self-perceived confidence and awareness in teledentistry. The conceptual framework developed in this research could be considered to design and implement a gamified online role-play in dental education. This research provides valuable evidence on the educational impact of gamified online role-play in teledentistry and how it could be designed and implemented in dental education. This information would be supportive for dental instructors or educators who are considering to implement teledentistry training in their practice.

Decisional trade-offs towards doping and their association with moral attitudes and health risk perceptions: A mixed methods study

ABSTRACT The objective of the present research was to examine doping-related decisional trade-offs, and their relationship with health risk perceptions towards doping and moral attitudes in sport. A mixed methods sequential-explanatory design was used. In Study 1,249, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) athletes from 16 countries completed anonymous online questionnaires on decisional trade-offs related to doping, health risk beliefs towards doping, moral attitudes in sport, and socio-demographic variables. The results showed that almost 1 in 10 athletes would trade their life for sporting success, independently of the moral implications of their choice. When mortal threat was absent, 31.5% of the athletes would trade morality for sporting success. Decisional trade-off choices differentiated scores in moral attitudes, such as acceptance of cheating and keeping winning in proportion. In Study 2, 11 British competitive MMA athletes were interviewed about decisional trade-offs involving moral violations or mortal threats. Thematic analysis corroborated the Study 1 findings, with most athletes dismissing the doping choice involving a mortal threat but endorsing the one where the mortal threat was absent. Anti-doping education in MMA athletes should target the decision-making process underlying doping, with an emphasis on moral values and the adverse health risk effects of doping.

Having fun in micro-celebrity restaurants: The role of social interaction, foodstagramming, and sharing satisfaction

Foodstagramming has grown in popularity within foodservice contexts. While it is commonly seen as a tool for impression management and normative behavior, the influence of social interaction on foodstagramming has received limited attention. This research aims to fill this gap by examining the interplay of social interaction, tie strength with peers, and subjective well-being, through the lens of social presence theory. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design with two empirical studies was conducted. Using a survey design, the Study 1 reveals that the need for social interactions serves as a precursor to foodstagramming benefits and establishes a mediated relationship leading to subjective well-being. Study 2 employs a qualitative inquiry to provide an in-depth understanding of the impact of posting food selfies on individual subjective well-being. It further reveals that sharing food selfies not only influences personal happiness at the moment of posting but also continues to affect subjective well-being over a relatively extended period. This research enriches social presence theory by exploring the sense of presence and community created through vivid food photos and by explaining the different effects of strong and weak ties. It also contributes new insights to the hospitality literature, highlighting the interconnectedness of offline and online experiences, which collectively contribute to customers’ enhanced life satisfaction in a commercial setting.

Factors Impacting One-year Follow-up Visit Adherence after Bariatric Surgery in West China: A Mixed Methods Study

PurposeQuality follow-up (FU) is crucial after bariatric surgery. However, poor adherence after surgery is prevalent. This research aimed to explore the factors related to FU adherence after bariatric surgery in West China.Materials and MethodsThis study used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design. Participants (n = 177) were identified from the West China Hospital. Demographic information, disease profile, treatment information, and post-surgery FU information were obtained from the bariatric surgery database of the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the West China Hospital. The survey data were analyzed using logistic regression. Semi-structured interviews with participants (n = 10) who had low adherence were conducted. The recording was transcribed verbatim and entered into qualitative data analysis software. Qualitative data were analyzed using a content analysis approach.ResultsMultiple logistic regression revealed that living in Chengdu (OR, 2.308), being employed (OR, 2.532), non-smoking (OR, 2.805), and having less than five years of obesity (OR, 2.480) were positive predictors of FU adherence within one year. Semi-structured interviews suggested that factors related to adherence to FU were lack of motivation, lack of opportunity, insufficient ability, and beliefs regarding consequences.ConclusionFactors impacting one-year FU visit adherence after bariatric surgery include not only demographic and disease-related factors but also social and family factors. These results will provide evidence to support healthcare professionals in developing personalized postoperative FU management strategies.Graphical

The role of embodiment, experience, and self-image expression in creating continuance intention in the metaverse

Despite the growth of the metaverse, users' perception of their self-image based on the embodied elements remains unexplored. This research explores the metaverse world's relationship between embodiment, experience, expression, and continuance intention. This research deploys an exploratory sequential mixed-method research design to operationalise the study objective. Study 1 performs a qualitative investigation to develop a hypothetical model, and Study 2 employs a 3 × 3 factorial experimental design with 356 participants to investigate the proposed hypotheses. The results indicate that embodied presence and co-presence can lead to positive continuance intentions. Also, it is crucial to develop self-image expressions in the metaverse space. This research offers multiple insights and advances the theoretical knowledge of cognitive embodiment, flow, cognitive bias, and expectancy confirmation theories. The results can also aid metaverse practitioners in designing an interactive metaverse domain.

“Internet Utilization among College Students in China: The Role of Ideological and Political Education in Fostering Academic Performance"

This study investigates internet addiction among third year college students in Yantai City, China, using a Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Design. The research locale includes four purposefully selected universities (A, B, C, and D) in Y district. A sample of 380 3rd year college students completed the researcher-made Internet Behavior and Academic Performance Assessment Tool (IBAPAT). Furthermore, 12 students participated in a semi-structured interview. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and MANOVA were used to generate findings based on the collected quantitative data. Meanwhile, thematic analysis of interviews with ideological and political education students was conducted to generate themes and patterns within qualitative data. Objectives include assessing internet addiction prevalence, patterns of utilization, and correlations with academic performance. The study aims to contribute to theoretical research on network ideological and political education, guide social forces, and enhance college students' all-round development. Ethical considerations ensure participant consent, confidentiality, and data protection. The findings will inform interventions to mitigate internet addiction among college students.

The impact of data-driven learning form-focused tasks on learners’ task engagement: An intervention study

Abstract Data-driven learning (DDL) form-focused tasks are a relatively new concept. These tasks involve using concordance lines to teach language in a way that integrates discovery learning, authentic language use, consciousness-raising, and the communicative use of language. Given their novelty, there haven’t been many studies on how they impact learners’ engagement. Therefore, this study sought to study whether DDL form-focused tasks influence English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ task engagement. A total of 114 Iranian EFL learners were randomly divided between comparison and intervention groups in a study that utilized an experimental (comparison group, pretest, and post-test) design within a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The comparison group completed 10 non-DDL form-focused tasks, whereas the intervention group completed 10 DDL form-focused tasks. The results of t-tests and repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that incorporating DDL form-focused tasks into English classes enhanced EFL learners’ task engagement in the short run. However, the impact of DDL form-focused tasks on EFL learners’ task engagement was not durable. Moreover, analyzing semi-structured interview data suggested that using DDL-enhanced tasks with a form-focused approach increases EFL learners’ task engagement by triggering their curiosity, improving their autonomy, enhancing their concentration and interest, and facilitating their discovery learning. The present study lends more credence to the application of such tasks. The paper ends with implications for English language teaching and materials development.

Oncology's Silent Caregivers: A Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Experiences, Outcomes, and Unmet Needs of Caregiving Youth of a Parent With Cancer.

Cancer affects the whole family system causing reorganization of functioning and responsibilities where children may take on a caregiving role. In the United States, an estimated 204 000 to 475 000 caregiving youth provide multifaceted, extended care in oncology. This results in both positive and negative outcomes for youth-spanning multiple domains of health. The aim of this study was to explore the caregiving experiences, outcomes, and unmet needs of caregiving youth (aged 12-24 years) in oncology. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design was used. Fifty-two adults who lived with a parent with cancer as a child were recruited via social media and asked to complete an online survey. A subsample of 18 individuals reporting high to very high amounts of caregiving were subsequently interviewed. The mean reported caregiving youth age was 16.13 (±4.86) years. They provided care approximately 22.43 h/wk for approximately 3.04 years. Most (71.2%) reported high to very high amounts of caregiving activity. The highest reported categories of unmet needs were information, family, feelings, friends, and time out/recreation. Qualitative findings included 4 themes: stepping into the role, family communication, dealing with feelings, and a new separateness. Identified needs included a desire for more information to aid in uncertainty, better communication within the family, needing someone to help them process their feelings, and peer-to-peer support. It is important for nurses and researchers to be aware of and acknowledge the needs of families dealing with cancer and aid in the development and implementation of tailored interventions to support caregiving youth.

Bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical students: an evaluation study utilizing mixed methods approach

BackgroundThe undergraduate bioethics curriculum introduced in a private medical college in Pakistan in 1988 and revised in 2009 has evolved over time to incorporate globally relevant innovations, including integration of bioethics spirally within an existing problem-based learning curricular framework. The present evaluation study shares the results of this integrated bioethics curriculum delivered for 10 years across the five-year undergraduate medical curriculum. The study assessed the effectiveness of the curriculum in terms of student achievement, appropriateness of course contents and efficiency of instructional methods.MethodsThe study utilized a mixed method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative method was used in the first phase to gather data by utilizing a structured online questionnaire. This was followed by the second phase of qualitative methods to explain the findings of the first phase and enrich the data gathered. This phase was based on focus group discussions and document review.ResultsStudent and faculty responses showed the curriculum contents to be relevant, informative, and appropriate as per learning objectives and student achievement. Multi-modal instructional methods used were stated to be effective and engaging; small group teaching and shorter sessions suggested to be preferable for fostering discussion and maintaining student engagement and attention. Large class formats were stated to be less effective. Students affirmed the contribution of bioethics education to their personal and professional development and ethical positioning. The majority of students agreed that the curriculum contributed to their knowledge acquisition (60.3—71.2%), skill development (59.41—60.30%) and demonstration of ethical/professional behavior (62.54—67.65%). The ranges indicate agreement with related sets of questions.Participants suggested that the curriculum could be further strengthened by better integration in clinical years, role modelling and providing opportunities for application in clinical health care settings. Moreover, topics like ethical issues related to the use of social media, public health ethics and ethics and law were suggested as additions to the existing curriculum. These findings have regional and global relevance for the development and assessment of effective bioethics curricula.ConclusionAn effective bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical education should run longitudinally across the 5 year curriculum and be integrated in the modules and clerkships. Basic acquisition of knowledge and skills takes place in Years 1 & 2 with reinforcement and application in Years 3–5. Learning embedded in an integrated curriculum can help students recognize, critically analyze and address ethical dilemmas. Involvement and commitment of the clinical faculty is essential for reinforcing the ethical principles and concepts learnt in the earlier years.

Understanding Adolescents' Experiences With Menstrual Pain to Inform the User-Centered Design of a Mindfulness-Based App: Mixed Methods Investigation Study.

Digital interventions are increasingly popular for the provision of nonpharmacological pain interventions, but few exist for adolescents with menstrual pain. User-centered design involves incorporating users across phases of digital health intervention design, development, and implementation and leads to improved user engagement and outcomes. A needs assessment is the first step of this approach. The goal of this study was to conduct a needs assessment to understand menstrual pain management needs and preferences and mindfulness experiences, preferences, and knowledge of adolescents with menstrual pain to inform the future development of an app for managing menstrual pain. We used an explanatory sequential mixed method design that included a survey followed by focus groups. Adolescents aged 13-17 years completed a survey (n=111) and participated in focus groups (n=16). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis and synthesized to provide specific recommendations based on adolescent responses. Adolescents (n=111) who completed the survey reported a moderate understanding of mindfulness and menstrual pain. Over three-quarters (n=87, 78%) of participants practiced some form of mindfulness and 87% (n=97) of survey participants used nonpharmacological pain management strategies. Teens had a moderate perception that mindfulness could help their menstrual pain (mean 4.51/10, SD 2.45, with higher scores suggesting more interest). Themes were generated related to mindfulness experiences, menstrual pain knowledge and experiences, and app functionality. These themes underscored adolescents' need for continued support and flexible access to mindfulness activities; their awareness of multiple influences to pain, with potential for further education in this area; and the need for menstrual pain-specific content, along with content relevant to typical day-to-day experiences of adolescents. Adolescents with menstrual pain have an interest in using a mindfulness app for pain but have unique needs that need to be addressed to ensure app engagement and relevance for this population. Concrete recommendations for future app development are provided.

Qualitative enquiry on factors affecting antibiotic prescribing at primary healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

The major driver of antibiotic resistance is the huge increase in antibiotic prescribing, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore factors affecting antibiotic prescribing at primary healthcare facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study was part of a three-phased explanatory sequential mixed method design. The study was conducted in five primary healthcare facilities through in-depth interviews of 20 prescribers and 22 key informants using pre-prepared interview guides. The data were analysed through thematic content analysis by applying ATLAS.ti 9 software. The antibiotic prescribing decision of prescribers was shown to be affected by various factors. The factors related to prescribers include not updating oneself on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, not reviewing patient history, not considering the concerns related to antibiotic resistance during prescribing, and competency problems. The patient-related factors were low awareness about antibiotics, lack of respect for prescribers, and pressure on prescribers. The shortage of antibiotics and laboratory reagents, a lack of updated antimicrobial resistance information, patient load, inadequate capacity, private sector practice, inadequate follow-up and support, and health insurance membership were the system-related factors. Appropriate interventions should be designed and implemented to address the identified factors and improve the prescribing practice.

Microcredit Clients’ Financial Literacy Towards Financial Inclusion and Sustainability

According to the recent Malaysian MADANI Budget 2023 which has been declared by Prime Minister, it is notable that 7 billion was allocated to help micro-entrepreneurs, women and youth. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the clients have appropriate financial literacy to ensure that the loans can be repaid accordingly. For microcredit clients to have this ability, they should have sound financial literacy to be able to manage their money, make wise decisions, and maintain vigorous spending. Thus, to promote sustainable financial sustainability, the objective of this study is to assess the level of microcredit financial literacy of microcredit clients in enhancing their knowledge, skills and transparency that can lead to financial sustainability. Further, it will also test empirically whether microcredit financial literacy can integrate the cognitive comprehension of financial knowledge, skills and responsibility with respect to financial sustainability. This study will use an exploratory sequential mixed-method research design that combines quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (interviews) data. The data-gathering method then continues with concentrated group interviews on selected microcredit clients. This covers clients from TEKUN Nasional Melaka to deliberate on related problems. Data analysis in qualitative research focuses on the systematic search and arrangement of interview transcripts. Interviews are necessary to gain a thorough understanding of issues with financial knowledge and skills among clients. It is expected that the study will benefit the policy maker, microcredit clients and the government in enhancing financial inclusion and sustainability. Thus, the government's slogan "Developing Malaysia MADANI" can be achieved.

Enhancing inclusive physical activity for students with disabilities: Patterns and opportunities

Physical activities and sports (PAS) participation primarily aim to contribute to enhancing the basic motor skills of students and their physical competencies to directly promote the behavioral, cognitive, and social skills of students to help enhance their future physical activity patterns. Regular physical activity participation among children with disabilities greatly fosters independence, coping abilities, competitiveness, and teamwork. Although active physical activities are beneficial, children with disabilities’ participation in physical activities has been reported to be little as a result of students’ disabilities and their lack of opportunities for participation. However, literature is yet to report on the types of PAS regularly participated in by students with disabilities, how frequently they engage in such activities, and how long a time they spend during their participation. This current study employed an explanatory sequential mixed method design that helped in the collection of both quantitative data (questionnaire) and qualitative data (interviews) from 194 (comprising 68.0% male and 32.0% female) students with disabilities and three teachers on types of PAS students with disabilities mostly participate in, how frequent and how long a time they spend during PAS participation. The findings of this study revealed students very often participate in physical activities in different activities for a long period as long as activities are made available, and opportunities provided. It is, therefore, recommended that not only should disability-friendly physical activities and sporting events be organized frequently and encouraged among students in special schools, but stakeholders should make opportunities available to students to participate.

The mental health consequences of COVID-19 on a sample of health professions students: a mixed methods study

Objective: To assess and examine how the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the mental health of a sample of health professions students (HPS) using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. Participants: Participants included 41 HPS enrolled in a co-curricular interprofessional education (IPE) program. Measurements: Measures included the CES-D scale, PSS scale, and the GAD scale. Qualitative description was used to explore the experiences of these HPS. Results: The HPS explained that fear of acquiring COVID-19, transmitting the virus to loved ones, and dying as a result of the disease negatively influenced their mental health. The HPS revealed that there were some beneficial outcomes resulting from the pandemic, including the strengthening of family bonds and the cultivation of resiliency. Conclusions: The pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of these HPS. It is essential that these students receive support for their mental health in order to provide optimal care to the population they serve.

Faculty’s perception of their role as a tutor during Problem-Based Learning activity in undergraduate medical education

Introduction: The study aimed to ascertain how the faculty at the Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University perceived their role as a tutor during a problem-based learning activity during the academic phase of medical education, based on the length of time they acted as a tutor. Methods: This was prospective observational research with an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, which was performed at the Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, from January 2023 until May 2023. Research subjects were divided into two groups: a) the Novice group and b) the Expert group. Quantitative data were collected by giving a questionnaire containing six categories with 35 questions and distributed by Google form. An independent t-test was used to compare the faculty’s perception, with a p-value &lt;.05 significant. Followed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) for qualitative data, which then were analysed by thematic analysis. The last stage is integrating quantitative and qualitative data. Results: There were statistically significant differences in seven issues between the two groups. Most of the tutors in both groups had favorable opinions, except for the expert group's disagreement with the passive role of the tutor in the tutorial group. Eight positive and twelve negative perceptions were found in the FGD. Conclusion: Most tutors positively perceived their role in PBL, with the expert group having more dependable opinions and well-reasoned suggestions. Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, Undergraduate Medical Education, Focus Group Discussion

Relation between pre-existing quality management measures and prevention and containment of COVID-19 outbreaks in 159 nursing homes in Tuscany: a mixed methods study

BackgroundNursing homes were often the focus of COVID-19 outbreaks. Many factors are known to influence the ability of a nursing home to prevent and contain a COVID-19 outbreak. The role...

Self-Perceptions and Benefits of Psychological Resilience Among Women Academics in the Context of Working in South African Higher Education Institutions (SA-HEIs): A Mixed-Method Approach

Higher education institutions (HEIs) globally heavily depend on the resilience of academic staff members to achieve excellence in teaching and learning. The extant scholarly work on resilience seems to take the relationship between workplace environmental factors (WEFs) and the adverse experiences of resilience among women academics for granted. Using South Africa as an example, this research mainly focused on the WEFs acknowledged as the primary sources of adversity and the overall perceptions and experiences of resilience among women academics in South African HEIs. This research employed a mixed methods sequential explanatory design comprising an online quantitative survey of 135 women academics, and individual in-depth/semi-structured qualitative interviews of 27 women academics. The aim of this article was to illustrate how resilience can shape the way women academics interpret and respond to adversity. More specifically, the mixed-method findings presented in this article thought to document the perceived experiences of PR among women academics in South African Higher Education institutions (SA-HEIs), with a particular focus on the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) which is located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The findings unpack how four building blocks of psychological resilience (BBPRs)—neuroticism, mindfulness, self-efficacy, and coping—moderated the effects of WEFs-related adversities; and provide insights into the impacts of human resources management practices (HRMP) on women academics’ resilience. We conclude that a higher self-reported level of resilience is not necessarily indicative of positive experiences of WEFs amongst women academics in South African universities.

Embedding higher order thinking skills in Islamic history (Sirah) education in Malaysia

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The promotion of integrating higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in the Malaysian education system is pivotal to producing analytical thinkers to keep up with the rapid globalization of this era. Thus, the implementation of HOTS in learning and facilitation (PdPc) has been emphasized. However, little is known about the integration of HOTS in Islamic history and civilization (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Sirah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;) lessons. Furthermore, teachers continue to use traditional methods and disregard incorporating HOTS in PdPc. Therefore, the current study conducted an in-depth investigation into the components of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Sirah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; lessons to support the implementation of the Malaysian education development plan (PPPM) 2013-2015 by strengthening teaching techniques through the use of HOTS for a better understanding of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Sirah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; lessons. Using an explanatory sequential mixed method design, the findings reveal that the teaching components of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Sirah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt; lessons with the integration of HOTS are at a moderate level in the conclusion stage of a lesson. Therefore, the current study proposes a model that integrates HOTS, i.e., the element of attitude, preparation and planning, teaching aids with relevant aspects of PAK21, knowledge of HOTS, mastery of the subject content, teaching techniques and approach, assessment, and evaluation.&lt;/span&gt;

Barriers and facilitators to using ophthalmic clinical health services following school vision screening: a mixed-methods study

ObjectiveTo identify determinants of the utilisation of ophthalmic clinical health services among students who failed school vision screening.MethodsThis study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, underpinned by Andersen’s Behavioural...