Separate Vessels Research Articles

PD18-09 THE INCIDENCE OF LEFT COMMON ILIAC VEIN COMPRESSION IN MEN WITH A VARICOCELE. IMPLICATIONS FOR ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023PD18-09 THE INCIDENCE OF LEFT COMMON ILIAC VEIN COMPRESSION IN MEN WITH A VARICOCELE. IMPLICATIONS FOR ETIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Peter Chin and Laurencia Villalba Peter ChinPeter Chin More articles by this author and Laurencia VillalbaLaurencia Villalba More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003273.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The etiology of varicocele is thought to be related to incompetence of the gonadal vein. Epidemiological studies have shown that Left Common Iliac Vein Compression (LCIVC) ≥25% occurs in 22-35% of the general population. The objective of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of LCIVC in men with a varicocele with the published incidence in asymptomatic men, document the incidence of left gonadal incompetence and provide a possible explanation for varicocele treatment failure. METHODS: Men presenting at our practice with a varicocele were enrolled into this study. Ethics approval was obtained. All participants underwent a Duplex Ultrasound of the pelvic veins. The degree of LCIVC was grouped into ≥25% (significant compression) and ≥50% (severe compression). The results were compared to a vascular epidemiological study of 272 asymptomatic men (Cheng et al 2017), by Chi-squared analyses. Degree of compression was analyzed for association with Grade of varicocele by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test. RESULTS: 80 men with varicoceles completed the investigations. Mean age of the cohort was 39.5 years. In our study group, 91.2% men had a LCIVC ≥25% (73/80) compared to the expected incidence in asymptomatic men of 29.4% (80/272) [χ2=96.2; p<0.001]. The study also showed that 67.5%% (54/80) had LCIVC ≥50% (severe) compared to the expected incidence in asymptomatic men of 6.9% (19/272) [χ2=137; p<0.0001]. Only 23% of men had incompetent gonadal veins (19/80). 16% of men with varicoceles had retrograde flow through the left internal iliac vein. 8.8% (7/80) men presented with recurrent varicocele and all had severe LCIV compression ≥50%. There was no significant correlation between WHO varicocele grade and degree of compression (Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA H=3.26, p=0.196). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study to show that men with varicoceles have a significantly higher incidence of LCIVC ≥25% (significant) and LCIVC ≥50% (severe) than asymptomatic men. Increased pelvic venous pressure from LCIVC can lead to retrograde flow through the left internal iliac vein (16%). The high incidence of LCIVC in men with a varicocele suggests that a varicocele is an “escape” vessel for increased pelvic venous pressure. The majority of men in our cohort did not have a demonstrable incompetent gonadal vein (23%). This would make embolization difficult, and ligation unlikely to provide long term benefit if there was a separate pelvic feeding vessel. Severe LCIV compression (≥50%) is associated with DVT and pelvic venous congestion. Men with varicoceles should be further investigated with a pelvic duplex ultrasound. All of the men presenting with recurrent varicocele after embolization had severe LCIV compression. Although these results are significant, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e506 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Peter Chin More articles by this author Laurencia Villalba More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Усть-Ёдарма II – опорное многослойное геоархеологическое местонахождение в Северном Приангарье (по результатам работ 2009–2012 гг.)

The article presents the results of studying the material culture of the ancient population of the Northern Angara region from the multilayered geoarchaeological site of Ust-Yodarma 2. The site was located on the right cape of the Yodarma River at its confluence with the Angara River. Excavations were carried out in 2009–2012. As a result, 12 cultural levels were identified on the site in the chronological range from the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic to the ethnographic modernity (17th–20th centuries). The work was carried out on 4 excavations (more than 5 thousand square meters). A correlation was made between cultural levels from different excavations. Holocene deposits are most fully and clearly represented in excavation 1 in area A. Level 0 contains artifacts from the time of the development of the region by Russian pioneers in the 17th and 18th centuries to the modern stage of the existence of the Village Yodarma. Cultural levels 1–4 date from the Middle Ages, the Early Bronze Age, and the Final Neolithic. Levels 5– 8 contain only Neolithic artifacts, while materials from levels 9 and 10 are associated with the Mesolithic. In excavation 1 in area B, an Upper Paleolithic horizon was recorded. Neolithic and Mesolithic levels, as well as Bronze Age burials, have been radiocarbon dated. The total collection of artifacts includes more than 70 thousand finds. A technical and morphological analysis of ceramics, stone and bone tools was carried out. The collection of stone products is represented by products of primary knapping, facial processing, and finished tools (more than 40 thousand finds). Pottery was found in the form of separate fragments and vessels with different decoration techniques. The remains of at least 350 ceramic vessels (more than 14 thousand fragments) have been found. Artifacts made of bone and horn are represented by blanks, finished tools and their fragments, and a sculpture in the form of a moose head. Fire pits of different shapes and designs were recorded. A large number of fauna bones (hunting remains and kitchen refuse) were found. The analysis of artifacts in combination with stratigraphy and radiocarbon data makes it possible to identify the UstYodarma 2 site as a reference object for studying ancient cultures of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of BaikalYenisei Siberia.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CLAHE CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT &amp; OTSU THRESHOLDING IN RETINAL IMAGE PROCESSING

In both ophthalmological and cardiovascular disease diagnosis, the accurate segmentation of the retinal vessel tree has become the prerequisite step for automatic or computer-aided diagnosis systems. Unlike typical foreground and background segmentation in normal image processing, there are three problems making the retinal vessel segmentation task even harder. First, the retinal color image tends to be red everywhere, thus having a lower contrast than normal image segmentation. Second, most retinal color images suffer from unbalanced illumination and make it harder to recognize background. Third, the symptom for retinopathy has unexpected color and shape, thus making it more difficult to separate vessel from noises. Under such circumstance, the research of the retinal blood vessel segmentation has brought much attention and been developed. In this work, the input is a retinal color image and the output will be a binary image of the vessel and non-vessel pixels. Preprocessing with CLAHE contrast enhancement, Vessel Extraction with Otsu thresholding is implemented along with performance parameters Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity. In the proposed work 20 images are used from the database called Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction. The performance parameters Specificity, Sensitivity, Accuracy are evaluated.

Microvascular triple decompression for combined simultaneous trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and pulsatile tinnitus due to separate offending vessels

Neurovascular compression syndrome is generally caused by vascular compression at the root entry or exit zone of the corresponding cranial nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia is the most frequent syndrome, followed by hemifacial spasm. Despite ongoing debate in the literature, pulsatile tinnitus is also known to be a neurovascular compression syndrome resulting from vascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Combined manifestations of neurovascular compression symptoms are very rare. We report a case with a simultaneous manifestation of trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and pulsatile tinnitus as neurovascular compression syndrome with separate offending vessels. A 53-year-old female presented with lancinating pain in the left face, left hemifacial spasm, and ipsilateral pulsatile tinnitus for 2 years. Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm were diagnosed after a neurological examination, imaging study, and electromyography. Microvascular decompression via a retrosigmoid approach for separate offenders, including the superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery was performed using Teflon sponges. The patient’s hemifacial spasm, pulsatile tinnitus, and hemifacial pain improved immediately after microvascular decompression.

Understanding redox processes during iron precipitation in standing water: implications in formation of iron oxides minerals in the terrestrial planetary environment (especially Mars)

Iron oxide minerals are found associated with sulfate rocks in Meridiani Planum, Mars and in Valles Marineris, Mars. Similar occurrence of iron oxide minerals, hematite and sulfate rock is found on Earth. Many experiments are performed over the time to understand formation of iron oxide minerals and genetic link between iron oxide mineral and associated sulfate rock. Here also, an iron precipitation experiment is performed in presence of various secondary minerals. In the present experiment, the iron precipitation in the gypsum and siderite vessels occurs in increasing acidic and oxidizing conditions. And, the iron precipitation in the calcite and magnesite vessels occurs in increasing alkaline and reducing conditions. The reactions occurring between ammonium ferrous sulfate and various sulfate, carbonate minerals in separate vessels lead to iron speciation. This is evident from Eh–pH diagrams plotted for various minerals experimental vessels. Reddish-brown precipitate present in various experimental vessels suggests ferric iron precipitation and the greenish color precipitate suggests reduced ferrous iron in the system. XRD studies of the precipitated material indicate the formation of iron oxides mineral, goethite from the oxidation of ammonium ferrous sulfate compound in all experimental vessels except experimental vessels 3 and 4 (calcite + mohr’s salt ± charcoal), which have another iron oxides mineral, magnetite. The present research studies support the martian hematite formation model based on iron oxide mineral precipitation in standing water.

Paper 90: Histopathology of Rotator Cuff Tendons in Elderly Patients with Glenohumeral Arthritis without Cuff Tears

Paper 90: Histopathology of Rotator Cuff Tendons in Elderly Patients with Glenohumeral Arthritis without Cuff Tears

Reinforcement Learning With Constrained Uncertain Reward Function Through Particle Filtering

Advancements in computational sciences have stimulated the use of an abundant amount of data in control and monitoring. Recent studies have reemphasized that the performance of the data-driven control significantly depends on the data quality. This quality is affected by uncertainties such as process and measurement noises. This study addresses a type of noise commonly seen in industry and shows how it degrades the performance of a deep reinforcement learning (RL) agent. Then, a novel filter is proposed to reduce the effect of this noise when it causes skewed probabilistic distributions in the reward functions. We demonstrate that the RL policy can be improved by using a constrained filter with a combination of the optimal filtering and RL concepts. The proposed algorithm is applied to a pilot-scale separation process that resembles an industrial separation vessel. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can improve the process operation efficiency.

Evaluation of a pressure vessel using failure analysis diagram based on phased array ultrasonic testing data

ABSTRACT A pressurized gas separator vessel was scanned to detect the possible discontinuities using a Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing (PAUT) device. Ultrasonic results from Hydrogen-Induced Cracks (HICs) at different depths were considered to represent the evaluation procedure. Final results were then generated for implementing Fitness-for-Service (FFS) procedure. After considering FFS procedures, it was found that some of the discontinuities are not acceptable due to their sizes or locations. Based on the simulated model results, including fracture analysis of cracks and generating Failure Analysis Diagrams (FAD), it can be inferred that the vessel is not acceptable to be in the current service operation condition and should be replaced.

Recovery of fine gold loss to tailings using advanced reactor pneumatic flotation ImhoflotTM

Gold concentration usually consists of gravity separation and froth flotation. However, flotation faces difficulties due to gold-bearing ores often being refractory and finely disseminated in nature. Poor recovery and low flotation kinetics of fine particles are mainly due to the low frequencies of particle-bubble collisions and an increase in entrainment of fine gangue particles decreases the grade. In this study, applications of two pilot ImhoflotTM G-14 (tangential feed to the separator vessel with 1.4 m diameter) cells in an open circuit demonstrated its ability to recover fines with high gold grade and achieved a high recovery of 65–68% for the particle size fraction of −20 µm. The gold content in the −20 µm fraction of tailings is only about 0.36g/t, which is lower than in the existing flotation circuit (0.47g/t), including rougher and scavenger banks. Furthermore, bubble size measurements indicate that pneumatic ImhoflotTM generated very fine bubbles in a high shear environment, improving particle-bubble collision frequencies.

Splenic Ischemia in Adolescent Sleeve Gastrectomy.

With rising childhood obesity rates, the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is the most common bariatric surgery procedure. This surgical technique may result in ischemia to the upper pole of the spleen. While generally self-limiting, splenic ischemia may have similar postoperative symptoms to more severe complications. We retrospectively reviewed 142 surgical videos and medical records from adolescents at our center who underwent SG from 2010 through 2018. The videos were evaluated for splenic ischemia and for the presence of separate segmental polar accessory vessels. The medical records were reviewed for postoperative symptoms of left shoulder pain, fever, leukocytosis, and tachycardia. We found a 31% incidence of splenic ischemia in the cases reviewed. We identified division of segmental vessels to the upper pole as increasing the relative risk of splenic ischemia by 2.3 (p = 0.0055). Immediate ischemic changes noted in the upper pole of the spleen did not correlate with any postoperative symptoms or complications. The incidence of splenic ischemia during an SG in our adolescent population was higher than in other reports. Division of separate polar vessels increased the incidence of localized splenic ischemia. Our findings suggest that splenic ischemia is incidental during an SG in adolescents and does not manifest any clinical significance.

Case Analysis of a Unique RIII‐C Single Coronary Artery with Type IV Dual LAD and Right‐Dominant Triple PDA

INTRODUCTIONCoronary artery anomalies (CAAs) are rare congenital variations of normal coronary artery anatomy. Examples of CAAs include a single coronary artery (SCA) (instead of separate, left and right vessels) arising from the aortic trunk to supply the entire myocardium (prevalence = 0.024% to 0.066%), two left anterior descending arteries (LAD) (instead of one) occupying the anterior interventricular sulcus (prevalence = 0.02% to 1%), and three posterior descending arteries (PDA) (instead of one) occupying the posterior interventricular sulcus (prevalence uncertain). Reports of rare CAAs, especially those previously undocumented to occur simultaneously, serve as valuable references for medical education and clinical practice. The present study describes an especially unique CAA discovered in a human cadaveric heart where a SCA gives rise to distinct dual LAD and triple PDA. The study aims to characterize the involved CAAs and investigate the anatomy, histology, and clinical considerations of this unique coronary anatomy.METHODSThe SCA, dual LAD, and triple PDA CAAs were discovered during routine cadaveric dissection in a medical education curriculum. The heart was eviscerated, and the CAAs were carefully cleaned of extraneous tissue, photographed, and measured. The SCA was characterized using Lipton’s classifications, and the dual LAD was classified according to the thirteen variations (“Types”) of dual LAD described in the literature. Masson’s Trichrome histological staining was performed to examine CAA tissue integrity via light microscopy. Courses of the CAAs were superimposed on volume rendered computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) images depicting normal coronary anatomy for comparison.RESULTSThe SCA arose from a solitary coronary ostium in the right coronary sinus and traveled 0.57 cm from the aortic trunk before quadfurcating into the right coronary artery (RCA), long LAD, left main coronary artery (LMCA), and descending septal artery (DSA). The RCA maintained normal anatomic course before terminating in a right‐dominant triple PDA. The long LAD coursed pre‐pulmonic along the anterior interventricular sulcus for 13.89 cm before terminating near the apex of the heart. The LMCA tracked retro‐aortic, between the aorta and the atrial wall, for 5.67 cm before bifurcating into the left circumflex artery (LCX) and short LAD. The short LAD paralleled long LAD within the anterior interventricular sulcus for 10.8 cm before anastomosing with the second PDA near the apex. Additional anastomoses were noted near the apex of the heart between the long LAD, short LAD, second PDA, third PDA, diagonal branches of the short LAD, and left marginal artery. The DSA coursed between the aorta and pulmonary trunk before entering the interventricular septum.CONCLUSIONSThe heart presented in this study was supplied by a unique (Lipton’s) RIII‐C SCA with Type IV dual LAD and right‐dominant triple PDA. Unexpected complications can arise from cardiac procedures involving patients with unknown CAAs such as these. This report may serve as a key reference for cardiothoracic surgeons, interventional cardiologists, coronary angiographers, and medical educators when considering simultaneous occurrence of these rare CAAs.

Coronavirus disease 2019: neurological aspects. Review and own research

The main neurological consequences of COVID-19 (depression, psycho-emotional disturbances, strokes, neurodegenerative disorders and others); major ways of coronavirus penetration into the nervous system as well as mechanisms of development of some neurological complications of COVID-19 are presented in the article. The preliminary results of the analysis of changes in the functional state of the central nervous system of 36 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy of atherosclerotic and hypertensive genesis of the 1-2 stages before and 3-4 months after COVID-19 have been presented. It was found that in patients who have had COVID-19, there were headaches, sleep disorders, general weakness, memory impairment, muscle and limbs pains. Reorganization of bioelectrical activity of the brain also appeared. The general structure of the EEG was characterized by an increased power in the range of slow rhythms against a background of decreasing power in the range of cortical rhythms. A tendency to a decrease of cerebral blood flow in the separate vessels of carotid and vertebrobasilar basins, as well as expressed suppression of the vascular endothelial function were also found. It is evident from the results of this study that inclusion of the drugs possessing a multimodal vasoactive and metabolic action is necessary. Key words: coronavirus disease 2019, neurological complications, bioelectrical activity of the brain, cerebral blood flow, endothelial function.

Alteration conditions on the CM and CV parent bodies – Insights from hydrothermal experiments with the CO chondrite Kainsaz

This study simulates the hydrothermal conditions that existed on carbonaceous chondrite planetesimals in the early solar system. Our experiments are relevant to alteration conditions that existed on the CV parent body and the late stage oxidizing alteration of the CM chondrites. We conducted 11 alteration experiments using chips of the CO3 chondrite Kainsaz. Water was added to each chip and sealed in separate Teflon reaction vessels for 175 days. Samples were altered at different initial water-to-rock ratios (W/R: 0.2–0.8) and temperatures (50 °C and 150 °C). Isotopically doped 17O-rich heavy water (δ17O: +64.5‰) was used in five runs. All samples experienced pronounced alteration under a partially open system environment where gases were able to escape the reaction vessels.The style of alteration (Fe-alkali metasomatism) is similar in all cases. The principal alteration minerals formed are Fe-oxyhydroxides (goethite) and Fe-oxides (magnetite), with smaller quantities of Fe-sulphides. Minor phases formed include fayalite, sulphates (gypsum and Fe-sulphate) and calcite. Nanophase, poorly crystalline phyllosilicates formed in the high-temperature samples but are absent from the low-temperature experiments. In all instances, Mg-rich chondrule silicates remained chemically unaltered although some grains suffered hydrothermal fracture. Chondrule mesostases remained largely unaffected. By contrast, kamacite readily dissolved, acting as a source of Fe and Ni for the fluid phase. A new generation of nanophase Fe-sulphides formed within the matrix, while pre-existing pyrrhotite group sulphides experienced Ni enrichment (<3 at%). In the high temperature samples these sulphides were also partially oxidized, lowering their (Fe + Ni)/S ratio. High-Ni sulphides (pyrrhotite with Ni > 10 at%) were formed in the 150 °C samples, most likely by sulphidation of taenite.Matrix alteration cemented grains together, reducing porosity. The fine-grained matrix shows highly variable degrees of alteration, with minimally altered matrix in direct contact with regions of heavily altered matrix. Chondrule fine-grained rims (FGRs) were preferentially altered. These textures imply that the unaltered matrix readily reacted with the fluid phase, resulting in an efficient depletion of dissolved ions (Fe2+ and S2-), limiting reactivity until further primary phases were dissolved. At larger length-scales the distribution of heavily altered matrix reveals the presence of large ∼100 µm wide channels that meander through the specimens. Their textures resemble features seen in some CM chondrites and the ungrouped CO-like chondrite MIL 07687. We suggest that alteration fronts developed by sustained rapid reaction of matrix with dissolved cations in solution. Our observations provide a mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of geochemical microenvironments on chondritic asteroids. The effects of open system loss notwithstanding, our experiments demonstrate that more advanced alteration is correlated with higher initial W/R ratios.The use of 17O-rich doped water allowed the isotopic effects of aqueous alteration to be observed. Bulk rock compositions evolved towards the initial water composition, reflecting the incorporation of heavy O into hydrated minerals. Additionally, altered samples shifted in δ18O space, reflecting the competing effects of water–mineral fractionation and mass fractionation due to the preferential escape of isotopically light water.

Gluten Cross-Contact in Restaurant-Scale Pasta Cooking

Celiac disease and nonceliac gluten sensitivity are provoked by the consumption of gluten from wheat, barley, rye, and related grains. Affected individuals are advised to adhere to gluten-free diets. Recently, gluten-free foods have become a marketing trend with gluten-free options both in packaged foods and in restaurants and food service establishments. Pasta is one of the primary gluten-containing foods in diets in North America and Europe. Gluten-free pasta formulations are commercially available. In restaurants, multiple pasta dishes are often prepared simultaneously in large pots with multiple compartments and shared cooking water. The objective of this study was to determine whether gluten transfer occurs between traditional and gluten-free pasta when cooked simultaneously in the same water. Pasta was boiled in a commercial, four-compartment, 20-qt (18.9-L) cooking pot containing three batches of traditional penne pasta and one batch of gluten-free penne pasta. The amount of pasta (dry weight) was either 52 g (recommended serving size) or 140 g (typical restaurant portion). Five consecutive batches of pasta were boiled, and cooking water and gluten-free pasta were sampled at completion of cooking. Water and gluten-free pasta samples were tested for gluten with the Neogen Veratox for Gliadin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Gluten concentrations were low (<20 ppm) in both water and gluten-free pasta samples through five 52-g batches. Gluten concentrations in the 52-g gluten-free pasta samples slowly increased through five batches but were never >20 ppm. During cooking of the 140-g gluten-free pasta samples, the gluten concentrations in the cooking water increased with each batch to >50 and >80 ppm after the fourth and fifth batches, respectively. The gluten concentrations in the 140-g gluten-free pasta samples approached 20 ppm by the fourth batch and reached nearly 40 ppm after the fifth batch. Although gluten transfer does not occur at a high rate, gluten-free pasta should be prepared in a separate cooking vessel in restaurant and food service establishments.

Research of condensation induced water hammer under filling a horizontal pipe with subcooled water

Experiments at the KGU test facility, devoted to condensation induced water hammers (CIWH) were analysed with the WAHA code. Test section of the KGU test facility is slightly inclined horizontal pipe of 3 m length and of 64 mm inner diameter. Subcooled water was supplied to the pipe inlet, pipe outlet was connected to separator vessel. Upper part of separator vessel was connected to steam source. Experiments were performed for different system pressure, different water subcooling and different mass flow rate of water supply. The performed experimental study of CIWH showed that in the investigated range of parameters, the development of CIWH occurs in different ways. At the stage of water propagation along the filled with steam horizontal pipe, water hammer was not observed. At the stage of free drainage of water from the outlet end of the pipe, water hammer was realized only when the water was sufficiently subcooled. At the stage of the water level rise in the horizontal pipe, water hammer occurred in all tests. At the last stage of filling the upper part in the separation vessel, there were small water hammers due to the collapses of the remaining steam bubbles. Numerical modelling of these experiments with the WAHA code revealed the shortcomings of the interphase heat transfer model developed for this code, which have a noticeable effect on the numerical solution.

Endovascular repair for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms: current status and future challenges.

Open surgical repair has been the gold standard for treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA). Currently, open surgical repair has been reserved mostly for young and fit patients with connective tissue disorders, using separate branch vessel reconstructions instead of 'island' patches, and distal perfusion instead of a 'clamp and go' technique. Endovascular repair has gained widespread acceptance because of its potential to significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. Several large aortic centers have developed dedicated clinical programs to advance techniques of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) using patient-specific and off-the-shelf devices, which offers a less-invasive alternative to open repair. Although FB-EVAR was initially considered an option for older and frail patients, many centers have expanded its indications to any patient with suitable anatomy and no evidence of connective tissue disorders, independent of their clinical risk. In this article, we review current techniques and outcomes of endovascular TAAA repair.

Nanoparticle/Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Biomimetic Constructs

AbstractConstructing all‐aqueous systems with tailored geometries can generate a new class of biomimetic materials, a fascinating but challenging goal to achieve. Here, by taking advantage of the interfacial complexation of a polyelectrolyte (PE) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), a unique interfacial PE/CNC complex is demonstrated for the stabilization of aqueous two‐phase systems and for the fabrication of all‐aqueous double emulsions and 3D constructs. The thickness of PE/CNC complex can be effectively adjusted by tuning the osmotic stress imbalance between the two aqueous phases and, during the formation and thickening of PE/CNC complex, individual assemblies can be connected to design hierarchical all‐aqueous structures. This new platform affords tremendous potential for engineering biomimetic constructs with advanced functionality, that can be used for chemical separation, delivery, and biphasic cascading reaction vessels.

Colorants in cosmetic applications

Abstract The color cosmetic market, even though highly dependent on color, is driven by texture. Pigment and color innovation are predominantly taking place in the field of inorganic effect pigments, as colorants are regulated within the different cosmetic directives and toxicological profiles have to be established prior to use. Therefore, the formulation and the packaging are the relevant innovative factors. Nevertheless, color cosmetics are driven by fashion and trends. One of the main drivers for sales is social networks. They are image based and therefore the ideal platform to spread these trends, boosting sales of color cosmetics recently. Even though, color cosmetics seem to be very simple in composition, the development, production and quality control are far from that. In color cosmetics, all cosmetic disciplines cumulate: dispersion strategies, emulsion technologies, molding and extruding of sticks and pencil leads, mixing and compressing of powders, liquid inks and so on. And almost every discipline requires separate production vessels, resulting in a rather complex manufacturing process.

Assessment of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Chicken Slaughtered in Creek Road Market, Port Harcourt

Aim: The study was conducted to determine the gastrointestinal parasites among slaughtered Chicken at Yam Zone Market, Creek Road, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: Gastrointestinal tracts of slaughtered chicken were collected weekly from a vendor. Each part of the GIT was emptied into separate vessel containing normal saline.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in a chicken market in Port Harcourt, Nigeria for a period of 4 months (January-April 2020).&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 100 chickens (comprising of broilers and layers) of which samples were collected from their gastrointestinal tracts were examined using formol-ether concentration methods for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites.&#x0D; Results: Eighty-four (84) parts of the gastrointestinal tracts accounted for 14.0% found to be infected with parasites. The gastrointestinal protozoan isolated is Eimeria spp (52.4%) while helminths species found were, Ascaridia galli (47.6%). There were no cestodes and trematodes identified.&#x0D; Conclusion: Poultry management system needs to be improved with a viable biosecurity control strategy towards healthy production of livestock chickens for human consumption.

ATTEMPTING AN INDEPTH ANALYSIS OF RETINAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION

These days eye weaknesses are a typical issue in all age group individuals begins from a newborn child to mature age. The discovery and extraction of these infections is a troublesome and tedious assignment. Computerized retinal pictures are considered; the first important strategy is to separate vessel in fundus pictures. Thus, three methods are utilized regulated techniques; here, the training set applies to remove vessel data by the pre-trained algorithm. This strategy is physically dealt with using gold std; vessel extraction is done before pathology calculations are involved in unaided recognition and extraction programs. The preparation set and ground truth marking will not be straightforwardly appropriate to the analysis. Retinal vessels extraction is improving as a result of noninvasive imaging of the retinal pictures likewise the information got from the design of the vasculature, and this data is essential for the identification and analysis of a fundus picture retinal sicknesses and pathologies, which incorporates glaucoma, hypertension, Diabetics Retina chart, and Age-based Macula De-age. Quick division calculations can recognize these.