Separation Approach Research Articles

Transient approach for iron loss separation of non-grain-oriented electrical steels considering the impact of cut edge effect

Transient approach for iron loss separation of non-grain-oriented electrical steels considering the impact of cut edge effect

Enhancing high-content recycled asphalt pavement regeneration: A laboratory separation and treatment approach

The escalating costs of aggregates and stringent sustainable development policies have emphasized the significance of effective high-content recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) regeneration technology. This study aims to present a novel laboratory separation and treatment approach for RAP materials, ensuring optimal performance of high-content RAP recycled asphalt mixtures. The proposed method is compared against factory-separated RAP materials in terms of agglomeration evaluation and mixture performance comparison. High- and low-temperature performance of the recycled asphalt mixture were evaluated through wheel tracking and trabecular bending tests. Furthermore, the moisture sensitivity of the recycled mixture was studied through immersion Marshall and freeze-thaw splitting tests. The uniformity and fusion between aggregates and asphalt in the recycled asphalt mixtures were meticulously analyzed using advanced techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope and industrial Computed Tomography scans. The laboratory separation method encompasses flexible separation for 5–10 mm RAP materials and rigid separation for 10–20 mm RAP materials. Notably, the laboratory separation methods proved more effective in removing aged asphalt from the surface of 10–20 mm RAP materials compared to factory separation, thereby enhancing the adhesion between aggregates and asphalt and ensuring a more uniform recycled mixture. Although the dynamic stability of recycled asphalt mixture was reduced using laboratory separation, it still meets the requirements of relevant specifications. Moreover, the low-temperature maximum flexural tensile strain of the recycled asphalt mixture increased by 16%, with the residual stability and tensile strength ratio rising by 1.33% and 2.69%, respectively. Compared with the factory separation method, the laboratory separation method reduces the porosity percentage of the recycled asphalt mixture cross-section by 3.47%. Overall, the laboratory separation method for RAP materials provides valuable insights for enhancing the factory processing of RAP materials, contributing to the successful application of high RAP content regeneration technology in the pursuit of sustainable and cost-effective road construction practices.

A New Approach for Graph Signal Separation Based on Smoothness

A New Approach for Graph Signal Separation Based on Smoothness

Green Energy Production Aid Spider Robot: An Innovative Approach for Waste Separation Using Robotic Technology Powered with IoT

Growing worldwide waste management challenges have prompted research efforts for sustainable solutions, especially in green energy technologies. This study highlights robotics’ critical role in modern waste management by putting forth a novel strategy incorporating cutting‐edge technologies. The research aims to create an effective waste monitoring system to measure the amounts of methane gas and organic waste at disposal sites. The main component of this method is a 3D‐printed spider robot driven by a servo motor with solid and flexible claws. This robotic system communicates gas level readings to the ThingSpeak platform on the Internet of Things, while it navigates waste disposal sites autonomously. The study also investigates how to develop robotic systems more economically and efficiently by using a portable, low‐power microcontroller, such as the Arduino Nano. The study uses a rigorous testing methodology to assess the performance and viability of the microcontroller and robotic system. The results are expected to emphasise a practical and economic development approach while offering insightful information on developing sustainable waste management technologies.

A novel approach to chiral separation: thermo-sensitive hydrogel membranes.

The application of membrane technology for separating chiral compounds is hindered due to the restricted availability of chiral recognition sites on the membrane surface. In this study, we propose a novel approach for chiral separation through a selector (bovine serum albumin, BSA) mediated thermo-sensitive membrane system. A thermo-sensitive hydrogel-coated membrane (termed PDTAN) was developed by anchoring poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) onto a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane through an adhesive and hydrophilic dopamine hydrochloride (PDA)/tannic acid (TA)/chitosan (Chi) intermediate layer. The results demonstrate outstanding chiral separation efficiency, achieving αL/D = 3.30 for D-phenylalanine (D-Phe) rejection at 40 °C on a BSA-mediated PDTAN membrane system, with significant stability and minimal fouling, surpassing previous findings. Moreover, the PDTAN membrane altered the selective properties of recognition sites in BSA, transitioning from rejecting L-Phe to rejecting D-Phe. Analysis using fourth-order derivative UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD), and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques revealed a transition in the secondary structure of BSA from α-helix to β-sheet as the temperature increased. This transition, facilitated by hydrogen bonding between BSA and PNIPAm, enabled selective recognition of D-Phe, demonstrating a distinct shift in chiral recognition properties. Importantly, with D-Phe adsorbed onto β-sheet structures of BSA, hydrogen-bond interactions between BSA and the PDTAN membrane were significantly reduced, thereby minimizing membrane fouling and achieving the durability of membrane-based chiral separation.

Pure separation of acetylene based on a sulfonic acid and amino group functionalized Zn-MOF.

The dual-ligand strategy was employed to synthesize a new microporous material, [Zn3(SNDC)(AmTAZ)3(H2O)]·H2O·CH3CN (1), incorporating sulfonic acid and amino groups for enhancing gas adsorption and separation. The activated 1 (named 1a) exhibited selective adsorption of acetylene over carbon dioxide and methane. Hence, the dual-ligand strategy optimized the pore environment and provided an effective approach for pure separation of gases.

A molecular-design approach for selective sulfate separation from competitive acidic and alkaline aqueous media

The review encompasses an in-depth understanding of the choice of suitable anion receptors for recognition-guided selective sulfate separation from acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions containing several other competing ions.

Possibilities of stimulating epileptic seizures using deep stereo-EEG electrodes in presurgical diagnosis in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy

Electrical stimulation mapping using depth stereo-EEG electrodes is an important method in the structure of presurgical diagnostics in patients with drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Electrical stimulation mapping was first used in the 1960s and has been actively developed since then, but despite such a long history, a unified protocol for the use of this technique has not been developed and different approaches to stimulation mapping are used in different countries. Based on publications on the topic in PubMed and other available resources, we tried to briefly outline the current opinion on the significance of this technique, paying special attention to the methodological approaches of different schools to stimulation parameters when mapping epileptogenic zones, highlighting in a separate section approaches to stimulation of functionally significant zones Finally, we summarize data on the effectiveness of this method in the presurgical diagnostics of epilepsy.

Theoretical provision of the analysis of the financial state of industrial enterprises of Ukraine

Subject of work. Separate theoretical aspects and approaches used as a theoretical support for the analysis of the financial condition based on the financial statements of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. Goal. The main goal of this article is the collection, structuring and further improvement of information on the methodology of analyzing the financial condition of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. Method (methodology). In order to achieve the set goal of studying the theoretical basis of the analysis of the financial state of Ukrainian enterprises, the methods of analysis, generalization, synthesis and comparison were used. The results. The article analyzes the interpretations of "Financial status" by domestic scientists and proposes a more unified definition of it. The main tasks and sub-tasks of the analysis of the financial state of the enterprise, its main sources of information, methods of their collection and processing were also analyzed. In addition, for the comprehensive study of this subject, information was collected on the legal regulation of the analysis of the financial status of enterprises in domestic legislation. Scope of application. Theoretical provision of financial analysis is the basis for conducting analytical work in the process of analyzing financial indicators of work and assessing the financial condition of industrial enterprises of Ukraine for the purpose of making management decisions. Conclusions. The article contains recommendations for conducting an analysis of the financial state of enterprises and evaluating the effectiveness of its individual approaches.

Valuation of E-Сommerce Goods Imported Into the Customs Territory of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)

The increases in cross-border electronic commerce (e-commerce) over the past decade have generated enormous opportunities for the global economy by providing new cross-border transactions, prompting development of new business models, driving new consumption trends, and creating new jobs. E-commerce has become a game changer for international trade while also giving rise to a wide range of challenges for customs regulation and methodology all over the world. The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is no exception, and its members have been working on amendments to the union’s Customs Code since 2021. One of the greatest challenges is arriving at valuations. It may seem that e-commerce is merely another form of trade, but the authors maintain that we need to acknowledge the changes it brings to the trade environment and provide solutions that deal with them. Suitable valuation of e-commerce goods is a crucial element in those solutions. The authors propose separate e-commerce valuation approaches for the different business models in e-commerce: business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-warehouse-to-consumer (BWC). In order to respond to existing and emerging challenges in revenue collection, particularly for the large number of relatively low-value and small-scale cross-border e-commerce transactions, the authors recommend using sales value for the B2C model and customs value for the BWC model, and they offer their views on how to assign the sales value and the customs value of e-commerce goods. Although the authors’ proposals are largely reflected in Article 309 entitled “Value of e-commerce goods purchased by natural persons” of the protocol adopted in December 2023, it should be noted that this approach constitutes a fundamentally new kind of customs regulation. In it such constructions as “information on the final value” may be interpreted as establishing the price of goods solely according to the value set in the marketplace. However, such an interpretation will inevitably run the risk of conflicts between buyers of goods and e-commerce operators, on the one hand, and customs authorities, on the other.

Biocatalytic PEI-PSS membranes through aqueous phase separation: influence of casting solution pH and operational temperature.

Biocatalytic membranes combine the separation properties of membranes and the catalytic abilities of enzymes, holding great promise for industries where both purification and conversion are required. In this work, polyelectrolyte complex membranes incorporated with lysozyme were prepared using polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) through a one-step and mild pH shift aqueous phase separation (APS) approach. The effects of lysozyme addition and casting solution pH on the membrane properties were studied. All the membranes, both with and without added lysozyme, exhibited asymmetric structures with relatively dense top surfaces and porous cross-sections with finger-like macrovoids. The incorporation of lysozyme did not significantly influence the structure and permeability of the formed membranes. The PEI-PSS biocatalytic membranes exhibited temperature dependent enzymatic activity. The activity strongly increased with increased operational temperature, with the highest activity of 4.30 ± 0.15 U cm-2 at 45 °C. This indicates a responsive effect, where a higher temperature leads to some swelling of the polyelectrolyte complex membrane, making the enzyme more accessible to the used substrate. Moreover, the biocatalytic membranes demonstrate desirable enzymatic stability, maintaining 60% activity even after 60 days of storage. This study validates the potential of the water-based APS process as a straightforward approach for integrating enzymes into responsive biocatalytic membranes.

Корпоративная социальная ответственность как доминанта устойчивого развития

Currently, there is an opinion that business organizations, originally designed to make a profit, become something more than just economic entities, and turn into a part of society itself and its environment. Their actions are already having an impact on the quality of life of people, the ecosystem of the planet, and the international geopolitical agenda is beginning to depend on the largest companies. However, until now, such a concept as corporate social responsibility is considered a separate strategic approach to doing business, a way to increase corporate awareness, and not as a necessary new time embodiment of the principle of widespread use of management skills aimed not only at making a profit, but also at comprehensive, systematic and integrated sustainable development of the world, to ensure sustainable development of business and society as a whole. The subject of the research is corporate social responsibility as the dominant factor of sustainable development of society. The purpose of the work is to establish the degree of influence of large business on global social processes and the Earth's ecosystem. The arguments on the need for ethical practice as an area of regulation of corporate activities aimed at improving working conditions, customer orientation, as well as the use of technological processes that do not have a negative impact on the biological diversity of the planet and the social agenda are considered. A retrospective of the evolution of theoretical views on the role and place of business responsibility to society and its impact on sustainable development is presented. It is concluded that in the era of the Anthropocene, the implementation of the concept of corporate social responsibility will not only serve as a mechanism for forming a positive image of business organizations, staff development, reducing financial risks, but also contribute to meeting the expectations of society and meet its needs.

ІНТЕРПРЕТАЦІЇ ПАНТЕЇСТИЧНОГО ЗМІСТУ ПОЕМ «КАТЕРИНА», «ЗАПОВІТ», «ПРИЧИННА», «СОНЦЕ ЗАХОДИТЬ, ГОРИ ЧОРНІЮТЬ» ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА В ПЕРЕКЛАДАХ ДЖОНА ВІРА ТА ВІРИ РІЧ

The article analyzes interpretative meanings of the original poems by Taras Shevchenko “Kateryna”, “Testament”, “Bewitched”, “The sun sets, and dark the mountains become” based on the English translations by John Weir and Vera Rich. It reviews two separate approaches of the English poetic translation towards achievement of semantic equivalence while preserving pantheistic information. The article explores the problem of equivalence of the original texts by Taras Shevchenko and the above mentioned translations into English by means of comparative analysis and synthesis, from the perspective of translation studies and literary criticism, their historical and linguistic-social aspects. Taras Shevchenko’s creative output is analyzed in the English cultural space. As a result, in the English translations of Taras Shevchenko’s poems “Kateryna” and “Testament”, “Bewitched”, “The Sun Sets, And Dark the Mountains Become”, made by Vera Rich and John Weir, the variations of the nature’s images, the interpretation of pantheistic message of Taras Shevchenko’s poems is revealed. In the suggested interpretation, the personification of nature, which goes beyond the boundaries of objective imagery, acts as an important means of reproducing the complex inner world of a person. The landscape dimension of the nature’s image turns out to be an expressive mode of emotional tension experienced by the subject of the great Ukrainian Prophet’s romantic lyrics.

Emerging role of electrochemistry in radiochemical separation of medically important radiometals: state of the art.

Electrochemical separation technology has brought a renaissance in the field of nuclear medicine towards obtaining clinical-grade radiometals for preparation of a wide variety of radiopharmaceuticals. This article is a comprehensive summary of the electrochemical processes developed for the separation of radiometals that could be used for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine. For using electrochemistry as a tool for the separation of radiometals, intricate knowledge is essential to understand the basic parameters of electrochemical separation processes which include applied potential, selection of electrolyte, choice of the electrode, the temperature of the electrolyte, pH of the electrolyte and time of electrolysis. The advantages of the electrochemical separation approach over the other conventional methodologies such as solvent extraction, column chromatography, sublimation, etc., have also been discussed. The latest research and development from our laboratory on electrochemical methodologies developed for separation of 90Y from 90Sr, 188Re from 188W, 99mTc from 99Mo, 47Sc from 46Ca, 45Ca from 46Sc,153Sm from 154Eu, 169Er from 169Yb, 177Lu from Yb and 132/135La from Ba have been described. In all the cases, the final product is obtained either in a 'no-carrier-added' (NCA) form or free from inextricable impurities and thus found suitable for formulation of radiopharmaceuticals.

Modern View on Potentials of Forensic Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Expertise

Abstract The great number of drugs and their variety have increased the potential of therapy but increased the risks of crimes related to the production, sale, and use of medicines. The prosecution of such crimes requires pharmaceutical or pharmacological expertise. The development of forensic pharmacy and forensic pharmacology is relevant and needs consideration of their modern capabilities. The purpose of the work is to analyze literature data on the scientific basis of forensic pharmaceutical and pharmacological expertise and their modern possibilities. The texts of articles, book chapters, and websites were studied using keywords relevant to the purpose of the review. It is shown, that modern forensic pharmaceutical expertise is a separate type of expertise that focuses on the study of drugs and documents that regulate the production, distribution, and quality of medicines. It uses the latest analytical methods of pharmacy. A pharmacologist analyzes body fluids and tissues and interprets the resulting data to help courts and investigators assess the role of a drug in the person’s behavior, illness, injury, or death. The range of issues included in the pharmacological examination is fully within the competence of the forensic medical examination, which can be appointed in civil cases or criminal proceedings connected with harm to health or death. Forensic pharmacology is not the same as forensic toxicology or pharmacovigilance and requires a separate approach based on purely pharmacological knowledge.

Neuroadaptive Output-Feedback Tracking Control for Stochastic Nonlower Triangular Nonlinear Systems With Dead-Zone Input.

For stochastic nonlower triangular nonlinear systems subject to dead-zone input, a neuroadaptive tracking control frame is constructed by applying the dynamic surface technique with a state observer in this work. Its primary contribution lies in extending the stability criteria to encompass stochastic nonlinear systems characterized by nonlower triangular structures and unmeasured states. The control strategy is delineated as follows. First, the state observer is designed to address the issue of unmeasured states, thereby facilitating the generation of an error dynamics system for subsequent analysis. Second, within the backstepping design framework, a neural network-based tracking controller is devised using dynamic surface control technique and variable separation approaches, ensuring system performance despite the presence of unmeasured states. Finally, stability analysis is conducted to guarantee that all the system signals remain bounded. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the validity and practicality of the framework.

Groundwater storage dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin revealed by GRACE and a multi-sensor signal separation approach

Groundwater storage dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin revealed by GRACE and a multi-sensor signal separation approach

The diffusion scattering parameters identification for a modified model of viral infection in the conditions of logistic dynamics of immunological cells

Based on the modification of the infectious disease model, taking into account diffusion disturbances and logistic dynamics of immunological cells, separate approaches to the diffusion scattering parameters identification for different types of functional dependence of diffusion coefficients and given redefinition conditions are proposed. A special step-by-step procedure for numerically asymptotic approximation of the solution to the corresponding singularly perturbed model problem with a delay has been improved. The results of computer experiments on identifying the unknown diffusion scattering parameters are presented. It is noted that the identification and application of variable diffusion coefficients will provide a more accurate prediction of the dynamics of an infectious disease, which is significant in decision-making regarding the use of various medical procedures.

Effect of solution on starch structure: New separation approach of amylopectin fraction from gelatinized native corn starch

The complete dissolution of starch without degradation are necessary prerequisites for starch fractionation to obtain amylose or amylopectin (AP). With the recent, continuous progress in finding efficient and eco-friendly starch-dissolving solutions, applying new solvents for starch fractionation is important. In this study, the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), NaOH, and CaCl2 solutions on starch structure and AP product parameters during starch fractionation were compared with respect to the starch deconstruction effect. This study proved that the CaCl2 solution could effectively dissolve corn starch (50 °C, solubility of 98.96 %), and promote the regeneration of starch into uniform and fine particles. Furthermore, the three solvents (DMSO, NaOH, and CaCl2) changed the crystal structure of corn starch, but they were all non-derivatizing solvents. The effect of the CaCl2 solution on the molecular structure of corn starch was the least significant of the three solvents. Finally, the extraction rate of AP from the CaCl2 solution reached 69.45 %. In conclusion, this study presents a novel and effective method for AP extraction.

Privacy preserving image sensor based visible light positioning receiver utilizing an ultra-flat singlet lens with high field-of-view and high aperture

Visible Light Positioning (VLP) is a promising candidate to enable widespread availability of location-based services in indoor environments. Existing VLP receiver designs achieve satisfactory accuracy, but often neglect cost-effectiveness and size constraints. To address this, we designed an ultra-flat singlet lens with a height of only 20 μm to be utilized in a compact image sensor-based VLP receiver. This specially designed lens brings the advantage of cost-effective manufacturing, high aperture, high field-of-view and short focal length. Compared to conventional cameras used in VLP systems, the presented optical receiver can be used in scenarios where privacy concerns play a critical role, like in wearable devices or in privacy-sensitive environments, as no perceivable image of the scene or the user is formed on the image sensor. With two separate VLP approaches, image processing based triangulation and machine learning assisted fingerprinting, we demonstrate positioning accuracy under 10 cm in an experimental setup. Furthermore, the demonstrator is integrated in an autonomously driving robot that has to avoid a geofence, exemplifying a location-based service.