Separate Stations Research Articles

THE INDUSTRIAL COURT

(3187) ELECTRICITY SUPPLY INDUSTRY Claim that Agecroft Generating Station be deemed to be two separate Stations and that the salaries of certain Technical Staff employed there be accordingly enhanced

The Neolithic Cultures of South-East Italy

South-east Italy, from the spur to the heel of Italy's boot, forms a natural geographic and cultural unit, separated from the Balkans by the Adriatic yet joined to them by the same sea. It is an area of plain and plateau bounded to the west and north by the Apennines, which come down to the sea at the Gulf of Taranto and again north of the Gargano peninsula.Considerably more material for the study of the neolithic cultures in this area has been found since T. E. Peet drew attention to their interest nearly forty years ago (II). Yet while the main kinds of pottery are recognised, positive evidence for their succession is still scarce. This is chiefly due to the lack of fully stratigraphic digging, as well as to a tendency to regard the objects found on any single site as ipso facto contemporary with one another or at least as due to a continuous occupation. Some confusion is probably also caused by the number of separate stations all usually called ‘Matera.’ Even so the main phases are now distinguishable, and the chief differences of opinion are regarding the extent to which the characteristic range of pottery of each of these, with all that that implies, continued alongside of the innovations.The following account based on war-time reading, and brief visits to Matera museum and a number of sites, will stress the view that there was fairly complete replacement: in this and the resulting division into three distinct periods, tentatively indicated by Rellini in 1929 (14c), it goes beyond the views of most Italian archaeologists, as well as previous English resumes. In particular Laviosa-Zambotti in her recent important study of Italian cultures and their relations with Central Europe and the Balkans (8b), while admitting that the various wares are due to a series of influences from outside, concludes that they are truly associated and therefore largely synchronous. This may be due in part to her leaning toward ‘short’ chronologies elsewhere. However, particularly in view of J. S. P. Bradford's remarkable crop-site discoveries (2), it seems worthwhile to set out the existing evidence for a more elaborate scheme, to be tested by future excavations.

Magnetic observations in Spitzbergen in 1927

The following observations were made by the writer of this article while a member of a Cambridge University expedition to Edge Island, the southeast member of the Spitzbergen group, in July and August 1927. The instruments used were a Kew pattern unifilar magnetometer, by Dover, Charlton (No. 161), a 3‐inch theodolite (used in some of the declination observations), and a chronometer which was checked by wireless time‐signals.Values of horizontal force were observed at six stations grouped round Stor Fiord, three on the islands and three on the mainland of Spitzbergen. The procedure adopted in every case was to perform successively vibration, deflection (30 cm.), deflection (40 cm.), deflection (30 cm.), and vibration experiments. Before leaving England the instrument was compared with the standard instruments at Abinger and a satisfactory agreement obtained. The declination was observed at seven separate stations, usually at intervals whenever convenient during the horizontal‐force experiment. Very little meaning can be attached to a single observation of declination in these latitudes, but by taking observations over two hours on a quiet day a mean value can be found. On very quiet days the needle may not move through more than three or four minutes of arc during two hours. The Sun was used for all azimuths, which were sometimes determined with the theodolite and sometimes with the magnetometer‐attachment.

Observations on the reciprocal influence which magnetic needles exercise over each other, when placed at a given distance within their respective spheres of action, at different positions on the earth; with tables of numerical results obtained at separate stations. Also a method of discovering where certain local influences are acting on the needle, from which may be obtained a proportional

The author, considering it probable that two or more magnetic needles freely suspended at a certain distance in given positions with respect to each other, would develope certain proportionate deflections determined by their position on the earth, made a set of experiments, with a few common compass needles, at Yarmouth, London, and Clifton, which so far confirmed the truth of his conjecture, as to induce him to fix on stations at a greater distance from one another, and to multiply his observations; ascertaining, from time to time, that the magnetic powers of his apparatus had undergone no material change. The results of these observations are given in a tabular form. The author conceives that comparative observations of the amount of deflection produced by one magnet on another, placed in various situations, relative to the meridian, on an horizontal plane, will afford the means of determining the peculiar local influences of the particular situation in which the experiment is made, as distinguished from the general magnetic influence; because the former will act unequally on each magnet, while the latter acts equally on all.