Separate Lists Research Articles

TARGETING RESIDUAL CANCER FROM THE INVASIVE MARGIN OF GLIOBLASTOMA USING COMPUTATIONAL TOOLKITS

Abstract AIMS Infiltrative margin GBM, as a proxy for residual disease post-surgery, can be identified by 5-aminolevulininc acid (5ALA) to facilitate the discovery of uniquely expressed or upregulated molecular pathways. Complementary bioinformatics approaches offer reproducible ways to enable interoperability of heterogenous data sources towards identification of therapeutic targets associated with GBM infiltration. METHOD RNA-seq primary tumour data was first categorised as: 5ALA+ (infiltrative margin) vs tumour core and 5ALA+ vs 5ALA- (reactive brain). Two levels of filtration (genes with adjusted p-value <0.05; degree of fold change with log2>1.5) were applied to genes, creating two separate gene lists. Cross-referencing gene lists identified transcripts upregulated in both 5ALA+ vs core and 5ALA+ vs 5ALA-. This candidate gene list was inputted into STRING to generate an uncurated protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, which returned a significant PPI enrichment p-value to confirm network connectivity, and next inputted into Metascape to elucidate biological processes associated with tumour infiltration. RESULTS Of 141 upregulated 5ALA+ genes TCP10L3, HELT, MGAM, ALOX5 and FOXI1 exhibited the greatest fold change. The most prevalent 5ALA+ biological processes were primitive streak formation, disaccharide metabolic process and sodium ion transmembrane transport. LOC157273, LINC00200, LINC00656, LOC285626 and LINC01568 were identified as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) most abundant in the infiltrative margin of GBM relative to tumour core and reactive brain. Regulatory associations between candidate 5ALA+ lncRNA and genes, and in silico drug repurposing via molecular docking, are being investigated. CONCLUSION The plasticity of GBM warrants analysis of the GBM infiltrative margin via computational toolkits to enhance understanding of upregulated molecular pathways, functionally associated with an invasive phenotype.

Structural housing elements associated with injuries in older adults in the USA

ObjectiveTo quantify the unintentional injuries associated with housing elements among older adults treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs). To identify modifiable home hazards.MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS)...

An artificial intelligence-assisted system versus white light endoscopy alone for adenoma detection in individuals with Lynch syndrome (TIMELY): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems for colonoscopy have been shown to increase small polyp detection during colonoscopy in the general population. People with Lynch syndrome represent an ideal target population for CADe-assisted colonoscopy because adenomas, the primary cancer precursor lesions, are characterised by their small size and higher likelihood of showing advanced histology. We aimed to evaluate the performance of CADe-assisted colonoscopy in detecting adenomas in individuals with Lynch syndrome. TIMELY was an international, multicentre, parallel, randomised controlled trial done in 11 academic centres and six community centres in Belgium, Germany, Italy, and Spain. We enrolled individuals aged 18 years or older with pathogenic or likely pathogenic MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or EPCAM variants. Participants were consecutively randomly assigned (1:1) to either CADe (GI Genius) assisted white light endoscopy (WLE) or WLE alone. A centre-stratified randomisation sequence was generated through a computer-generated system with a separate randomisation list for each centre according to block-permuted randomisation (block size 26 patients per centre). Allocation was automatically provided by the online AEG-REDCap database. Participants were masked to the random assignment but endoscopists were not. The primary outcome was the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy, calculated by dividing the total number of adenomas detected by the total number of colonoscopies and assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04909671. Between Sept 13, 2021, and April 6, 2023, 456 participants were screened for eligibility, 430 of whom were randomly assigned to receive CADe-assisted colonoscopy (n=214) or WLE (n=216). 256 (60%) participants were female and 174 (40%) were male. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy was 0·64 (SD 1·57) in the CADe group and 0·64 (1·17) in the WLE group (adjusted rate ratio 1·03 [95% CI 0·72-1·47); p=0·87). No adverse events were reported during the trial. In this multicentre international trial, CADe did not improve the detection of adenomas in individuals with Lynch syndrome. High-quality procedures and thorough inspection and exposure of the colonic mucosa remain the cornerstone in surveillance of Lynch syndrome. Spanish Gastroenterology Association, Spanish Society of Digestive Endoscopy, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Societat Catalana de Digestologia, Instituto Carlos III, Beca de la Marato de TV3 2020. Co-funded by the European Union.

Managmet system of the Parthian State (250BC-224AD)

This research entitled (Managmet system of the Parthian State) (250BC-224AD) emphasizes on asoects of administration as well as various aspects of ruling the country. The current research consists of three main parts and a separate list of resources. The first part includes the system of governance and management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and the military, which first examines the concept of management and then explains the system of governance and how to manage the country, then examines the military structure of the Parthians. The second part explains the social and economic system, ehich means it tries to explain the social structure of that ear and then the economic management. Finally, the third part examines the judicial system and laws and how to issue judgments, and then the religious system and religions of the Parthians.

Simultaneous discovery of compounds dominated by either molding kinetics or geographical region of origin for moisture damaged cacao beans using orthogonally applied tile-based fisher ratio analysis of GC×GC-TOFMS data

Herein, two “orthogonal” characteristics of moisture damaged cacao beans (temporally dependent molding kinetics versus the time-independent geographical region of origin) are simultaneously analyzed in a comprehensive two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) dataset using tile-based Fisher ratio (F-ratio) analysis. Cacao beans from six geographical regions were analyzed once a day for six days following the initiation of moisture damage to trigger the molding process. Thus, there are two “extremes” to the experimental sample class design: six time points for the molding kinetics versus the six geographical regions of origin, resulting in a 6 × 6 element signal array referred to as a composite chemical fingerprint (CCF) for each analyte. Usually, this study would involve initial generation of two separate hit lists using F-ratio analysis, one hit list from inputting the data with the six time point classes, then another hit list from inputting the dataset from the perspective of geographic region of origin. However, analysis of two separate hit lists with the intent to distill them down to one hit list is extremely time-consuming and fraught with shortcomings due to the challenges associated with attempting to match analytes across two hit lists. To address this challenge, tile-based F-ratio analysis is “orthogonally applied” to each analyte CCF to simultaneously determine two F-ratios at the chromatographic 2D location (F-ratiokinetic and F-ratioregion) for each hit, by ranking a single hit list using the higher of the two F-ratios resulting in the discovery of 591 analytes. Further, using a pseudo-null distribution approach, at the 99.9% threshold over 400 analytes were deemed suitable for PCA classification. Using a more stringent 99.999% threshold, over 100 analytes were explored more deeply using PARAFAC to provide a purified mass spectrum.

Taxa of Indian Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae and Labiatae Amending and/or Supplementing Calder's (1926) and Razi's (1959) Lists of Additions to Hooker's Flora of British India

Since the publication of the Flora of British India by Sir J. D. Hooker during the years 1872-1879, quite a number of additional species have been described from various parts of India by several botanists in different publications. The nomenclature of quite a number of species in Hooker's Flora has also changed with the result that several names therein have now come to be regarded as invalid. Calder et al (1926) and Razi (1959) published two lists as additions to species in Hooker's Flora of British India. The present account is an attempt at supplementing and/or amending the lists of Calder and Razi, with reference to the families Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae and Labiatae. In this account, altogether 232 taxa belonging to these three families alone are given under two separate lists. In the first list 54 taxa are included. They comprise of 53 taxa as additions to Hooker, Calder et al and Razi's account of the species under these three families, and one species of Hooker, earlier reported by him from outside India proper, since reported from Indian territory. In the second list, 178 taxa are included, wherein changes in nomenclature, including changes in status have been reported.

Evaluasi Ketaatan dan Transparansi Pelaporan Dana Kampanye Pemilihan Presiden 2019

In accordance with KPU Regulation Number 3 of 2022, campaign activities for the 2024 presidential election will begin on November 28 2023. The KPU sets administrative requirements regarding campaign funds that must be complied with by all election contestants, including presidential and vice presidential candidate pairs. This research is intended to evaluate compliance and transparency in reporting campaign funds for the 2019 presidential election with the aim of measuring compliance and transparency in reporting campaign funds for the 2019 presidential election which can be used as a benchmark for managing campaign funds in the 2024 presidential election. The results of the research show that several complete accountability forms were not made, and deposits were not made. recorded at the LPPDK, did not create a separate list of donors that did not include identification, reporting of TPS witness funds was not transparent, there were allegations that donations were used outside of campaign funding purposes, and PKPU had not clearly regulated a tiered accountability mechanism. There are difficulties in implementing PKPU Number 24 of 2018 concerning General Election Campaign Funds because reporting is not carried out in stages from district/city to province and center, but the report format is presented according to election administration areas. However, accountability and bookkeeping are carried out centrally by the national campaign team, where revenue and expenditure traffic goes through the RKDK.

An adaptive transmission strategy based on cloud computing in IoV architecture

Because of recent developments in wireless communication, sensor technology, and computing technology, researchers have recently shown a significant amount of interest in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), which has become feasible as a result of these improvements. Because of the distinctive characteristics of IoV, such as the varied compute and communication capacities of network nodes, it is difficult to process jobs that are time-sensitive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which cloud computing may collaborate with the IoV to make the processing of time-sensitive procedures easier. We propose a vehicle design that makes advantage of cloud computing as a means of accomplishing this goal. Increasing the proportion of time-sensitive jobs that are ultimately completed was the motivation behind the development of the offloading model that we devised. Taking this into perspective, we present an adaptive task offloading and transmission method. Taking into account the ever-changing requirements and constraints on the available resources, this algorithm dynamically organizes all of the tasks into separate cloud link lists on the cloud. Following that, the tasks contained within each list are distributed in a cooperative manner to a number of different nodes, with the characteristics of those nodes being taken into consideration. Following the presentation of the simulation model, we carried out an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of the model that was proposed. It is abundantly evident that the proposed model is effective, as indicated by the findings.

PERSPECTIVE OF THE DOCTORS IN A NEW MEDICAL COLLEGE OF NORTH-EAST INDIA REGARDING THE NATIONAL LIST OF ESSENTIAL MEDICINES

Objectives: To collate the perspectives of doctors regarding the national list of essential medicines (NLEM) and thus assess the factors affecting adaptation and implementation of NLEM at the state or institution level. Methods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted among the doctors of Tomo Riba Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, which is a new medical college and a tertiary care hospital in Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh. The study was carried out for 6 months. The participants were explained the purpose of the study and requested to fill out the questionnaire and return it immediately. Data analysis was performed using simple statistical methods such as percentages and proportions. Results: Out of 73 participants, 63% were aware of NLEM, while 37% were unaware of the term NLEM. Only 17.8% of the doctors are satisfied that the drugs in the latest NLEM suffice for most of the medical conditions they come across in their daily practices. Only about 39.7% of the doctors frequently prescribed the drugs from the NLEM list in their routine practice. The majority (61.6%) of them agree that there should be a separate essential drug list supplementary to the World Health Organization list in every tertiary care medical college. Conclusion: The concept of NLEM offers the most cost-effective solution to healthcare needs. The selection of the medicines in the list or a separate state or institutional list according to the needs of the regional population can cater to most of the healthcare needs.

A consolidated and geolocated facility list in Senegal from triangulating secondary data

Having a geolocated list of all facilities in a country – a “master facility list” (MFL) – can provide critical inputs for health program planning and implementation. To the best of our knowledge, Senegal has never had a centralized MFL, though many data sources currently exist within the broader Senegalese data landscape that could be leveraged and consolidated into a single database – a critical first step toward building a full MFL. We collated 12,965 facility observations from 16 separate datasets and lists in Senegal, and applied matching algorithms, manual checking and revisions as needed, and verification processes to identify unique facilities and triangulate corresponding GPS coordinates. Our resulting consolidated facility list has a total of 4,685 facilities, with 2,423 having at least one set of GPS coordinates. Developing approaches to leverage existing data toward future MFL establishment can help bridge data demands and inform more targeted approaches for completing a full facility census based on areas and facility types with the lowest coverage. Going forward, it is crucial to ensure routine updates of current facility lists, and to strengthen government-led mechanisms around such data collection demands and the need for timely data for health decision-making.

Subject matter of crime violation of the procedure for transplantation of human anatomical materials established by law

The article is devoted to highlighting the topical issues related to the subject matter of the crime violation of the procedure for transplantation of human anatomical materials established by law. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian legislation and scientific works of Ukrainian scientists, the author offers own vision of the issue related to the subject matter of the analysed crime, namely: the author considers the maximum permissible terms of transportation and optimal storage periods for such organs as heart, kidneys, liver, left and right lobes of the liver, lung, and homograft. In addition, the author considers the definition of “anatomical materials”, expresses an opinion on the concept of transplantation of human anatomical material and offers own vision on the subject matter of the analysed crime. The author proposes to: 1) to introduce to Part 1 of Article 143 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine a qualifying feature i.e., the prohibition to use human anatomical materials which are not healthy or unsuitable for transplantation with violation of the term of their use; 2) to restate paragraph 1 of Part 1 of Article 299 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine as follows: “Cruel treatment of animals belonging to vertebrates, including homeless animals, violation of animals transportation rules, if such actions resulted in bodily injury, mutilation or death of an animal, illegal removal of organs or tissues from live animals, that belong to the vertebrates, setting animals against each other, committed for hooligan or mercenary motives, as well as propaganda, public calls for actions that have signs of cruelty to animals, distribution of materials calling for such actions – …”. It is also advisable to include DNA and DNA fragments in the list of human anatomical material, and to approve a separate list of human cells allowed for extraction, namely DNA and DNA fragments, in the relevant order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. To include DNA and DNA fragments in the list of human anatomical material in the Law of Ukraine “On the Application of Transplantation of Human Anatomical Materials” dated 17 May 2018 No. 2427-VIII and to amend the subject matter of the crime in respect of DNA and DNA fragments.

Critical values notification: A nationwide survey of practices among clinical laboratories across Nigeria.

Critical value notification (CVN) entails notifying doctors or other laboratory users of aberrant laboratory results that threaten the patient's life and of any values for which reporting delays could negatively impact the patient's health. Critical value notification practices in clinical laboratories in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa are largely unknown. We conducted a nationwide survey to obtain baseline information on CVN practice by Nigeria's laboratories. This cross-sectional study was conducted among purposively selected secondary- and tertiary-tier, public and private clinical laboratories across northern and southern Nigeria between October 2015 and December 2015. Consenting senior laboratory staff completed and returned a structured questionnaire, that gathered data on respondents' demographics, designations, and institutional characteristics and practices regarding CVN. One hundred and thirty-four laboratories responded to the questionnaires. Only 69 (51.5 %) laboratories practised CVN; only 23 (33.3%) had existing written policies guiding the practice. Most (43; 62.3%) laboratories use similar critical values (CVs) for adult and paediatric populations. Most laboratories (27; 39.1%) obtained their CVs by combining published literature and local opinions from stakeholders. Physical dispatch (42; 60.9%) followed by telephone calls (38; 55.1%) were the most common means of notification. Private laboratories, compared with public hospital laboratories, were likelier to have separate paediatric CV lists (p = 0.019) and practise telephone notifications (p < 0.001). Critical value notification practices vary and are often suboptimal in many clinical laboratories in Nigeria, which is exacerbated by the absence of guiding policies and national recommendations for post-analytical procedures. This study provides baseline information on CVN practice by Nigeria's laboratories. The study explores the causes of practice variations that can serve as a foundation for enhancing critical reporting and post-analytical services, particularly in clinical laboratories in sub-Saharan Africa.

A comparative study of disabled people's experiences with the video conferencing tools Zoom, MS Teams, Google Meet and Skype

ABSTRACT The paper presents a comparative mixed methods study of the accessibility and usability for disabled people of four video conferencing tools, Zoom, MS Teams, Google Meet and Skype. Useable responses were obtained from 81 disabled people with diverse characteristics, mainly in the UK, though some groups had low representation. None of the tools was considered fully accessible and useable. Zoom was both the most commonly used and the most frequently preferred (56.1%) tool, with MS Teams second in usage and a trailing second in preferences (15.9%). It was considered to have better captioning, but otherwise to generally be a poor second to Zoom. Skype was the most commonly used before lockdown, but was considered dated and its limited use was mainly social, whereas the other tools were also used in work and education. The results were used to draw up separate lists of recommendations for developers and meeting organisers and hosts, as the study also identified actions for organisers and hosts to improve meeting accessibility. Developer recommendations include several easy to set customisation and user friendly interface features, involving disabled people and specific accessibility features, including compatibility with assistive technology, keyboard shortcuts for all functions and automatically-on high quality captions.

Development and evaluation of a list of high-risk inpatient procedures in patients 65 years and older.

Inpatient procedures are common and important health events for older Americans. To facilitate surgical outcomes research, we sought to create and evaluate lists of International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes for high-risk inpatient procedures, defined as having at least a 1% inpatient mortality. This retrospective national cohort study analyzes Medicare claims from 2018 for patients 65 years and older undergoing inpatient procedures. Surgical Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes in the inpatient claims were used to identify procedures. We identified the primary ICD-10 procedure code for each patient and then compiled all codes with at least a 1% inpatient mortality yielding three separate lists: one list that was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, and one each for urgent/emergent and elective procedures. Clinical review by three surgeons was used to remove procedures unlikely to be the proximate cause of mortality. For evaluation, we examined the mortality of each code among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries in 2017, 2019, and 2020 to determine how many of these satisfied the 1% mortality criterion. This study included 2,241,419 patients from 2018 undergoing inpatient procedures. The final result included 231 (blind to elective vs urgent/emergent status), 167 (urgent/emergent status), and 119 (elective status) ICD-10 procedure codes for the three lists. Our evaluation from 2017, 2019, and 2020 demonstrated that in our master list, which was blind to elective versus urgent/emergent status, 97.8% of procedures had an inpatient mortality of at least 1%. In our high-risk procedures lists for urgent/emergent and elective procedures, 100% and 94.1% of codes met this requirement. We developed and evaluated lists of ICD-10 codes representing high-risk procedures in patients 65 years and older. These lists will be powerful tools for researchers studying surgical outcomes.

Emerging infectious diseases, focus on infection prevention, environmental survival and germicide susceptibility: SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris

BackgroundNew and emerging infectious diseases continue to represent a public health threat. Emerging infectious disease threats include pathogens increasing in range (eg, Mpox), zoonotic microbes jumping species lines to cause sustained infections in humans via person-to-person transmission (SARS-CoV-2) and multidrug-resistant pathogens (eg, Candida auris). Materials and MethodsWe searched the published English literature and reviewed the selected articles on SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris with a focus on environmental survival, contamination of the patient's hospital environment, susceptibility of the pathogen to antiseptics and disinfectants and infection prevention recommendations. ResultsAll three pathogens (ie, SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and Candida auris) can survive on surfaces for minutes to hours and for Mpox and C auris for days. Currently available antiseptics (eg, 70%-90% alcohol hand hygiene products) are active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and C auris. The U.S Environmental Protection Agency provides separate lists of surface disinfectants active against SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris. DiscussionThe risk of environment-to-patient transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox and Candida auris, is very low, low-moderate and high, respectively. In the absence of appropriate patient isolation and use of personal protection equipment, the risk of patient-to-health care provider transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris is high, moderate and low, respectively. ConclusionsAppropriate patient isolation, use of personal protective equipment by health care personnel, hand hygiene, and surface disinfection can protect patients and health care personnel from acquiring SARS-CoV-2, Mpox, and C auris from infected patients.

Genetic Overlap of Spontaneous Dissection of Either the Thoracic Aorta or the Coronary Arteries

Ascending thoracic aortic dissection (ATAD) is a well-known vascular cause of sudden death. Spontaneous coronary artery dissections (SCAD) are emerging as an important cause of early-onset myocardial infarction and sudden death. Genetic variants in multiple connective tissue genes have been recognized to underlie ATAD; other genetic variants have similarly been recognized to underlie SCAD. Little data are available regarding any genetic commonality between ATAD and SCAD. Our objective is to determine and characterize any genetic overlap between genes coding for ATAD and SCAD. We identified and reviewed 17 retrospective and prospective genetic studies of thoracic aortic dissection and SCAD published between 2016 and 2022 identified through PubMed and Orbis. Articles highlighting the significant plausible triggers for ATAD or SCAD individually were analyzed. No previous study reviewed both ATAD and SCAD genetics together. Separate lists of causative genes were constructed for ATAD and SCAD-and then commonalities were sought. A Venn diagram was constructed to display the genetic overlap and common physiologic pathways involved. We identified a definite, meaningful overlap of 15 independent genes based on a genome-wide association study or other genetic methods. The associated genetic pathways involved various biologic processes including elastin degradation, smooth muscle cell function, and the TGFβ-pathway. The overlapping genes included the following: COL3A1, TGFB2, SMAD3, MYLK, TGFBR2, TGFBR1, LOX, FBN1, NOTCH1, ELN, COL5A1, COL5A2, COL1A2, MYH11, and TLN1. The corresponding molecular pathways were investigated and correlated for both diseases. We are not aware of other studies searching for genetic commonalities between ATAD and SCAD. We have successfully identified overlapping genes-and their corresponding molecular pathways-for ATAD and SCAD. We hope that these insights will lead to further clinical and scientific understanding of each disease through study of their fundamental commonalities.

Assessment of the availability and reason for non-utilization of reproductive and child health services at urban primary health centers Lucknow

Background: Urban Primary Health Centres (UPHC)are different from conventional rural PHCs in term of size, functions, focus on ambulatory care, limited staff and infrastructure. UPHC is also expected to deliver certain job-functions of Subcentre through its outreach services. In view of these considerations, it is, therefore, appropriate that a separate list of standards is developed. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 320 Recently delivered women (up to 24 months) and children less than 24 months of age residing in catchment areas of urban PHCs and 8 urban primary health centers of Lucknow district, using multistage sampling technique. Results: The infrastructural availability at urban PHCs showed that clean drinking water for patients was available at only 75 % of U-PHCs. Unfortunately, only 50 % of the labs were functional. Additionally, essential tests for ANC were available at only 50 % of U-PHCs. Majority (48.7%) of RDW were not aware of U-PHCs nearby. Most (26.7%) common reason cited for non-utilization of U-PHCs was the availability of better hospital/ bigger hospitals nearby. According to 8.7 %, doctors/staff are not available all time at U-PHCs. About 12.8 % of RDW also reported that the delivery facility was not available. According to 18.0 % RDW, several other reasons were unavailability of drugs, inadequate cleanness, distance, staff behaviour, etc. Conclusions: Only four (50%) labs were functional at UPHC. The main reason of non-utilization of urban primary health centers not aware about location of U-PHC nearby and bigger hospitals nearby, investigations not available, several other reasons were unavailability of drugs, inadequate cleanness, distance, staff behaviour,

Identifying important questions for Cochrane systematic reviews in Eyes and Vision: Report of a priority setting exercise

AbstractIntroductionSystematic reviews are important to inform decision‐making for evidence‐based health care and patient choice. Deciding which reviews should be prioritized is a key issue for decision‐makers and researchers. Cochrane Eyes and Vision conducted a priority setting exercise for systematic reviews in eye health care.MethodsWe established a steering group including practitioners, patient organizations, and researchers. To identify potential systematic review questions, we searched global policy reports, research prioritization exercises, guidelines, systematic review databases, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL). We grouped questions into separate condition lists and conducted a two‐round online modified Delphi survey, including a ranking request. Participants in the survey were recruited through social media and the networks of the steering group.ResultsIn Round 1, 343 people ranked one or more of the condition lists. Participants were eye care practitioners (69%), researchers (37%), patients or carers (24%), research providers/funders (5%), or noneye health care practitioners (4%) and from all World Health Organization regions. Two hundred twenty‐six people expressed interest in completing Round 2 and 160 of these (71%) completed the Round 2 survey. Reviews on cataract and refractive error, reviews relevant to children, and reviews on rehabilitation were considered to have an important impact on the magnitude of disease and equity. Narrative comments emphasized the need for reviews on access to eye health care, particularly for underserved groups, including people with intellectual disabilities.ConclusionA global group of stakeholders prioritized questions on the effective and equitable delivery of services for eye health care. When considering the impact of systematic reviews in terms of reducing the burden of eye conditions, equity is clearly an important criterion to consider in priority‐setting exercises.

Guerrilla Marketing in the 21st Century: A Systematic Analysis of the Discipline Through a Literature Review, a Taxonomy, and Identification of the Most Relevant Variables

In recent years, given the enormous competition for new products and services, many companies have begun to behave more creatively in an aim to be the best in the market. “Guerrilla marketing” refers to an advertising technique that uses unconventional and cost-effective approaches, employing a variety of strategies that reduce costs. Since the emergence of this concept in the second half of the last century, substantial research has looked into its application and usefulness. This study presents a systematic survey of the field of marketing and advertising: by analyzing the main scientific publications on guerrilla marketing through content analysis in the Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases. One hundred and sixty-four articles were analyzed in depth and divided into two separate lists: one with publications corresponding to Hutter and Hoffmann’s first classification, and another corresponding to the new variables that emerged from the in-depth study that was carried out. As a consequence, a new taxonomy is proposed for the field, based on the identification of some novel variables characterizing the different existing approaches.

Novel biomarkers for neoplastic progression from ulcerative colitis to colorectal cancer: a systems biology approach

In recent studies, the void of evaluation and in-depth understanding of unknown clinically relevant potential molecular biomarkers involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) from the inflammatory stage of ulcerative colitis (UC) to CRC metastasis, which can be suitable therapeutic targets, is deeply felt. The regulation and interaction among different cancer-promoting molecules, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs) in CRC and its progression, were the aim we pursued in this study. Using microarray data, we investigated the differential expression for five datasets, including mRNA and microRNA samples related to UC, tumor/normal. Then, using robust data analysis, separate lists of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified, which were used for robust rank aggregation (RRA) and co-expression network analysis. Then, comprehensive computational systems biology analyses, including gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomic pathway enrichment analyses, mRNA-miRNA regulatory network, and survival analysis, were employed to achieve the aim of this study. Finally, we used clinical samples to validate this potential and new target. According to this systems biology approach, a total of 98 DEGs and 8 DEmiRNAs with common differential expression were identified. By combining the distinct results of RRA and network, several potential therapeutic targets, and predictive and prognostic biomarkers for UC and CRC were identified. These targets include six common hub genes, CXCL1, CXCL8, MMP7, SLCA16A9, PLAU, and TIMP1, which are upregulated. Among these, the important and new biomarker SLC16A9 is negatively regulated by hsa-mir-194-5p, and hsa-miR-378a-5p take. The findings of the present study provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CRC in UC. Our study suggests future evaluation of the functional role of SLC16A9 and hsa-mir-194-5p and hsa-miR-378a-5p in CRC development.