Separate Criteria Research Articles

“Stuck in a Loop”: A Qualitative Examination of Challenges for Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Anxiety

Children and adolescents (henceforth “children”) with both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety experience greater difficulties than children with either alone, though qualitative methodologies are yet to be used to understand the challenges this population experience. We aimed to explore parent-reported daily impacts of co-occurring anxiety in children with ADHD (aged 8–13 years). Participants were enrolled in a trial evaluating an adapted anxiety intervention and were eligible if their child met diagnostic criteria for ADHD plus separation, social, and/or generalized anxiety disorder. A baseline measure of life impacts associated with child anxiety captured situations parents reported were difficult, due to their child’s anxiety. Reflexive thematic analysis of free-text responses ( N = 203) facilitated new insights via inductively generating key themes. Three overarching themes highlighted (1) child difficulties with everyday situations and processes due to their anxiety; (2) the nature of the child’s anxiety being pervasive and unrelenting; and (3) the strain placed on the child’s family system. This study enhances understanding of daily impacts associated with co-occurring anxiety and ADHD and may contribute to an improved understanding of support needs. Results reiterate the need to identify co-occurring difficulties in children with ADHD and support both children and their families.

Social entrepreneurship: exercise of the constitutional freedom of a person for entrepreneurial activity

entrepreneurial activity. Regulatory and legal guarantees of entrepreneurial activity enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine are being worked out. The exercise of a person’s constitutional freedom to engage in entrepreneurial activity is a step-by-step implementation in lawful behavior by participants in entrepreneurial legal relations of legally established agreements andresponsibilities that contribute to obtaining material and spiritual benefits in the field of production, performance of work, provision of services and trade, etc.The importance of consideration of the constitutional guarantee of the right to entrepreneurial activity is determined byseveral reasons, in particular: the legislative framework of Ukraine in the field of economic legal relations is determined by some irregularity and inconsistency, and needs modernization; and the current state of implementation of the constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity is unsatisfactory. In view of this, there is an urgent need for scientific awareness of the effectivelegislative mechanism for the implementation of constitutional guarantees for entrepreneurial activity. The support of the state in the exercise of a person’s constitutional right to entrepreneurial activity should be implemented through a positive influence on the formation of guarantees of this right, therefore, it is necessary to include the entire complex of legal means in order to ensure that the state bodies comply with the necessary conditions for the effective implementation of the right that belongs to a person and a citizen.The guarantees of the right to entrepreneurial activity provided for in the Constitution of Ukraine are sometimes normative in nature. First of all, this is due to the fact that the normative legal acts specifying the Constitution of Ukraine contain some inconsistencies and gaps.Regarding the fixing of these guarantees at the constitutional level, the right to entrepreneurial activity shows that it is necessary to allocate a block dedicated to the economic sphere, which will form a systemic influence on the content ofcurrent legislation and an applied mechanism for the implementation of such guarantees. The issue of the creation of agreements by the state for the appropriate functioning of entrepreneurial activity is inseparable from the understanding and legal support that must be played in the implementation of guarantees of entrepreneurship, for which іn effective legal mechanism for managing the economy and creating the conditions for engaging in entrepreneurial activity is necessary; and the creation of separate directions and criteria for achieving and ensuring the right of citizens to entrepreneurial activity.

Gaussian entanglement witness and refined Werner-Wolf criterion for continuous variables

We use matched quantum entanglement witnesses to study the separable criteria of continuous variable states. The witness can be written as an identity operator minus a Gaussian operator. The optimization of the witness then is transformed to an eigenvalue problem of a Gaussian kernel integral equation. It follows a separable criterion not only for symmetric Gaussian quantum states, but also for non-Gaussian states prepared by photon adding to or/and subtracting from symmetric Gaussian states. Based on Fock space numeric calculation, we obtain an entanglement witness for more general two-mode states. A necessary criterion of separability follows for two-mode states and it is shown to be necessary and sufficient for a two mode squeezed thermal state and the related two-mode non-Gaussian states. We also connect the witness based criterion with Werner-Wolf criterion and refine the Werner-Wolf criterion.

An Analysis of the New Reliability Model Based on Bathtub-Shaped Failure Rate Distribution with Application to Failure Data

The reliability of software has a tremendous influence on the reliability of systems. Software dependability models are frequently utilized to statistically analyze the reliability of software. Numerous reliability models are based on the nonhomogeneous Poisson method (NHPP). In this respect, in the current study, a novel NHPP model established on the basis of the new power function distribution is suggested. The mathematical formulas for its reliability measurements were found and are visually illustrated. The parameters of the suggested model are assessed utilizing the weighted nonlinear least-squares, maximum-likelihood, and nonlinear least-squares estimation techniques. The model is subsequently verified using a variety of reliability datasets. Four separate criteria were used to assess and compare the estimating techniques. Additionally, the effectiveness of the novel model is assessed and evaluated with two foundation models both objectively and subjectively. The implementation results reveal that our novel model performed well in the failure data that we examined.

A critique of the seizure criteria of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

Seizure of communication is an important stage in litigating before the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. At this stage a complainant is required to disclose a prima facie case, in the absence of which the communication will be refused. The seizure criteria are contained in the African Commission's Rules of Procedure. However, the procedural rules are as important as the substantive rules. Where there are burdensome procedural rules in human rights litigation, it becomes more difficult to gain access to justice. The African Commission's Rules of Procedure 2020 guide the communication proceedings of the Commission. The 2020 Rules have introduced some salient provisions that hitherto were not contained in the Rules. Under the 2020 Rules the Secretary can seize a communication during inter-session on behalf of the African Commission. Efforts have also been made to fully separate admissibility criteria from seizure criteria by deleting the admissibility criteria contained under the seizure criteria in the previous Rules. Consequently, it no longer is a requirement for a communication to pass a preliminary test of the admissibility criteria at the seizure stage. Notwithstanding these changes, the African Commission still applied the jurisprudence of the previous Rules in African Freedom of Expression Exchange & 15 Others (represented by FOI Attorneys) v Algeria & 27 Others (FOI), where the Commission also set a higher prima facie standard. This article critiques the Commission's seizure criteria and procedure. It argues that the 2020 Rules have introduced novel provisions that would necessitate the Africn Commission to change its seizure jurisprudence. It recommends that the Commission should adopt the 'might' test at the seizure stage rather than the wide prima facie standard it adopted in FOI. In this way the African Commission would have the opportunity to receive more compelling evidence of violation of the African Charter at the merit stage, rather than shutting out communications at a stage where compelling proof is not required.

Overview of coal sludge gravity concentration technologies

The purpose of the study is to collect data and analyze modern development trends of gravity concentration technologies and equipment for coal sludge enrichment. Conducted generalization and analysis of scientific and technical information allowed to state that some attempts have been made recently to enrich coal slimes using mainly gravity concentration methods. Each of these methods involves a number of processes based on general physical and physicochemical properties serving the criteria for material separation as well as on the differently applied additional separating forces and machinery and apparatus designs. The latter include heavy-media cyclones, spiral separators, hydrosizers, concentration tables and wash boxes. The author considers the operation principle of the listed gravity equipment, demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of each of the apparatuses. The data given indicate that, modern gravity equipment used for coal sludge enrichment features satisfactory indicators of the average probable deviation. To identify the rational topology of concentration diagrams for a particular object, the most optimal type of gravity concentration equipment or its combination is selected depending on the characteristics of the material composition. The analysis of data has shown that the most promising, highly efficient, effective, environmentally friendly and resource-saving gravity concentration method is spiral separation.

ПРИЧИНИ ТІНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The classification of the causes of the shadow economy according to four basic separation criteria is given: by content, by origin, by scale of influence, by duration. The shadow economy is considered as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that exists in any socio-political conditions and poses a threat to the country's national security. The main reasons for the emergence and spread of the phenomenon of the shadow economy as a threat to national security are characterized, in particular, economic (level of tax burden and tax administration; excessive state intervention in the economy; crisis phenomena in the economy and the financial sector), social (low standard of living of the population; high level of unemployment; social differentiation and stratification of society), institutional and legal (imperfection of the institutional environment; imperfection and instability of the legislative framework; insecurity of property rights and incapacity of the judicial system); state (corruption of public services of various power structures; bureaucratic arbitrariness and bribery), political (socio-political instability; improper performance of the state's functions), psychological and ethical. It was established that the determinants of shadowing of the economy are closely related and mutually dependent. It is substantiated that only the state policy of detinization will be effective, which will comprehensively combine the solution of the main problems of the state in terms of economic, social, institutional and legal, state, political, psychological and ethical components of the determinants of the detinization of the economy. The objective width of the dispersion of the causes of the shadow economy has been established, which allows to fix the structural complexity of the object and, thereby, to take into account the diversity of its manifestations as much as possible for the implementation of an effective policy of detinization of the economy in the context of ensuring the national security of Ukraine. Key words: financial control, economic crime, state institutions, the Law of Ukraine, normative legal acts.

ПРИЧИНИ ТІНІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

The classification of the causes of the shadow economy according to four basic separation criteria is given: by content, by origin, by scale of influence, by duration. The shadow economy is considered as a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that exists in any socio-political conditions and poses a threat to the country's national security. The main reasons for the emergence and spread of the phenomenon of the shadow economy as a threat to national security are characterized, in particular, economic (level of tax burden and tax administration; excessive state intervention in the economy; crisis phenomena in the economy and the financial sector), social (low standard of living of the population; high level of unemployment; social differentiation and stratification of society), institutional and legal (imperfection of the institutional environment; imperfection and instability of the legislative framework; insecurity of property rights and incapacity of the judicial system); state (corruption of public services of various power structures; bureaucratic arbitrariness and bribery), political (socio-political instability; improper performance of the state's functions), psychological and ethical. It was established that the determinants of shadowing of the economy are closely related and mutually dependent. It is substantiated that only the state policy of detinization will be effective, which will comprehensively combine the solution of the main problems of the state in terms of economic, social, institutional and legal, state, political, psychological and ethical components of the determinants of the detinization of the economy. The objective width of the dispersion of the causes of the shadow economy has been established, which allows to fix the structural complexity of the object and, thereby, to take into account the diversity of its manifestations as much as possible for the implementation of an effective policy of detinization of the economy in the context of ensuring the national security of Ukraine.

Behaviors associated with seeking medical care from surgical patients with different levels of disposable income

The purpose of the study: to analyze behavioral patterns associated with seeking medical care for surgical patients with different levels of disposable income. Materials and methods. Disposable income was calculated as the sum of the income of each household member in monetary terms. This amount was calculated as the average monthly income in a family (household) per each of its members, regardless of their personal income. The household was considered as an economic category – a set of people running a joint household, within which market principles of the distribution of economic benefits do not apply. The first (main) group included respondents whose average monthly disposable income was no more than 30 thousand rubles (low level of disposable income). The second (control) group included respondents whose average monthly disposable income was more than 30 thousand rubles (a high level of disposable income). The numerical composition of the main group was 249 people, the control group 253 people. The groups were comparable in demographic characteristics. When assessing the reliability of the differences, the nonparametric criterion ꭕ2 was used. The reliability of the denial of the "null" hypothesis was accepted at the level of 95%. The strength of the dependence was estimated by the value of the Ка association coefficient. Results. The frequency of registration of an active behavior model in terms of seeking medical help is more common in the group of patients with a high level of disposable income, however, the most common form of behavior was delaying the moment of treatment and the frequency of using this approach did not depend on the level of disposable income. Uncertainty of behavior was more common among patients with low disposable income. Patients with a higher income level are more likely to comply with the doctor's recommendations, while patients with lower incomes fully comply with them less often. The use of self-medication is a widespread model of behavior among surgical patients, however, patients with a higher level of disposable income more often refuse to use it and less often use it in an obligate mode in comparison with patients whose disposable income is lower than the value used as a separation criterion for the purposes of this study.

Operational entanglement detection based on $$\Lambda $$-moments

We introduce $\Lambda$-moments with respect to any positive map $\Lambda$. We show that these $\Lambda$-moments can effectively characterize the entanglement of unknown quantum states without theirs prior reconstructions. Based on $\Lambda$-moments necessary and sufficient separability criteria, as well as necessary optimized criteria are presented, which include the ones in [\href{https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.060504}{Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{127}, 060504 (2021)}] as special cases. Detailed example is given to show that our criteria can detect bound entanglement that can not be identified by positive partial transpose criterion, with the explicit measurement operators to experimentally measure the corresponding $\Lambda$-moments.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Concerning Hormonal Condition and its Bodily Impact on Women

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder that have severe health consequences for women. It arises in the early puberty stage and affects a large percentage of the world’s population. While the exact cause is unknown, it’s known to cause hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, menstrual irregularities, and ovulatory dysfunction, all of which can lead to infertility and endometrial cancer. Long-term cardiometabolic risks and comorbidities are seen in both slim and obese PCOS patients. Given these serious implications, it’scritical to fully comprehend the pathophysiological relationships that underpin PCOS, so that better treatment plans can be developed and the standard of living for women having this condition may improve. This condition is diagnosed using three separate criteria. Rotterdam criterion is mostly utilized for PCOS diagnosis. Different symptoms of PCOS are treated in different ways. It’s imperative to comprehensively treat these patients as soon as possible in order to cope with the emotion burden associated with the disease that is often ignored. PCOScan be managed by early diagnosis and long-term treatment, allowing women to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoiding long-term complications, including metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.

On positive and positive partial transpose matrices

A block matrix $\left[ \begin{smallmatrix}A & X \\{{X}^{*}} & B \\\end{smallmatrix} \right]$ is positive partial transpose (PPT) if both $\left[ \begin{smallmatrix}A & X \\{{X}^{*}} & B \\\end{smallmatrix} \right]$ and $\left[ \begin{smallmatrix}A & {{X}^{*}} \\X & B \\\end{smallmatrix} \right]$ are positive semi-definite. This class is significant in studying the separability criterion for density matrices. The current paper presents new relations for such matrices. This includes some equivalent forms and new related inequalities that extend some results from the literature. In the end of the paper, we present some related results for positive semi-definite block matrices, which have similar forms as those presented for PPT matrices, with applications that include significant improvement of numerical radius inequalities.

Psychoemotional States of Men and Women in Separation from Their Families

Due to the fighting, forced separation from family has become an urgent problem for many Ukrainians. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of separation from family members on the psychoemotional state of men and women in war conditions. 332 respondents were interviewed using the following methods: the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the positive and negative affect questionnaire by A. Klimanska, I. Haletska, the “List of traumatic events” questionnaire. Statistical analysis included a comparison of groups identified by the criterion of separation from relatives: 1) separated from a spouse or romantic partner, 2) separated from children, 3) separated from parents, 4) separated from many family members at once; 5) members of the control group had no changes in family composition. The results showed that the effects of family separation depend on gender. The absence of a male partner did not substantially affect the indicators of the psychoemotional state of Ukrainian women in the first weeks of the war. During the separation from blood relatives, negative changes were expressed in the actualisation of fears and vulnerability to possible dangers, and in the loss of a sense of joy (during separation from children); inattention, and confusion (during separation from parents). Compensatory mobilisation processes, increased vigilance, and concentration were identified in women who are globally separated from their families. Men were substantially less affected by separation from their relatives and showed an increase in the reaction of indignation. Therewith, the male and female subsamples did not substantially differ in the level of stress tolerance, resiliency, manifestations of depression and anxiety; but they differed in the perception of stress, the severity of positive and negative emotions. Women were more acutely aware of the uncertainty and tension of the life situation, their emotional reactions were dominated by depression, frustration, and anxiety. In turn, men in a war situation expressed more active reactions (concentration, determination, etc.), which prevailed over passivenegative ones. It is concluded that separation from the family threatens the psychological well-being and social adaptation of people who were forced to leave their homes due to the war. The obtained data help to better understand both the sources of psychotrauma and the resources for overcoming negative psychoemotional states in a situation of separation and suggest appropriate ways of psychological and social assistance

Covariance-based separability criterion for the output state of a SU(2) system

Covariance-based separability criterion for the output state of a SU(2) system

Comparison of validation protocols for blood pressure measuring devices in children and adolescents.

Accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurement is important for the evaluation of hypertension in children and adolescents, and it is critically dependent upon the accuracy of the BP measuring device. A device that could pass validated protocols with reliable accuracy would be desirable in clinical and research settings. Several scientific organizations have published recommendations on the validation of different BP measuring devices. Most of them focus on adults but separate recommendations and validation criteria for BP devices intended for use in children and adolescents are included in some validation protocols. In this review, we compare the validation criteria for BP measuring devices among consensus documents from different scientific organizations focusing on the pediatric population and we discuss the evidence gaps targeting the needs for validated BP measuring devices in children and adolescents. We also highlight common pitfalls in the validation studies of BP measuring devices in children and adolescents using the example of office BP devices.

A reach/significance cross-over: a strategy for demonstrating the impact of our research

It is expected in many different areas of professional and academic life that an individual can prove to others the impact of their research and, in recent years, the criteria of reach and significance have become common means of demonstrating the value of one’s work. In highlighting the former, there may be an inclination to concentrate on statistical measurement. Yet, as this paper reveals, another option lies in emphasising the variety of citing material that has come to light as part of the individual’s efforts to showcase the significance of their impact. The article outlines ten ways in which the diversity of the documents – and their authors – can be shown. Insights relating to separate criteria can be used in concert so as to strengthen an overall claim and thus provide a more compelling argument that one’s research has had a substantial effect on others.

Comparison of Machining Simulations of Aerospace Alloy Al6061-T6 Using Lagrangian and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Techniques

This research focuses on the study of the simulation capabilities of the lagrangian (LAG) model and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model for the orthogonal dry machining of aluminum alloy Al6061-T6. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed and verified using experimental data from the published literature. The numerical models were developed using lagrangian boundary conditions via finite element modeling in ABAQUS/Explicit 6.14. The cutting simulations were carried out at low and medium cutting speeds. Johnson–Cook material constitutive law and Johnson–Cook damage law were used in both models. The numerical methodologies are compared based on cutting forces, chip morphology, shear angle, chip separation criterion, and chip thickness. The findings of the present work show that the LAG model is good for predictions regarding cutting forces and chip morphology, while the SPH model is good for predictions regarding the shear angle and chip thickness. The difference between results generated by both models mainly occurred due to the friction coefficient. The comparative study shown here offers a guidance approach for various numerical models for appropriate parameter analysis.

How homogeneous and biphasic membranes contribute to the gas transfer: A molecular dynamics simulation study

The behavioral processes of gas separation and transfer in homogeneous and biphasic cellulose/ionic liquid membranes have been studied using molecular dynamics simulations, with structural homogeneity being the main criterion for separation. In this work, at the primary stage, a low energy barrier at the gas-liquid interface permits continuous CO2 entry into the separation membrane and prevents interface instability. During the intermediate stage, the flow field and residence time of gas molecules are examined to demonstrate the two-sided nature of flow directionality. Additionally, the short residence time and high efficiency of CO2 release allow the biphasic membrane to perform more effectively during gas separation, through the investigation of the dissolution/separation process. In this study, it is revealed that solvent homogeneity affects gas separation at the molecular level, which may enhance the creation and design of two-dimensional materials in the future.

Multiple-Streams Focusing-Based Cell Separation in High Viscoelasticity Flow.

Viscoelastic flow has been widely used in microfluidic particle separation processes, in which particles get focused on the channel center in diluted viscoelastic flow. In this paper, the transition from single-stream focusing to multiple-streams focusing (MSF) in high viscoelastic flow is observed, which is applied for cell separation processes. Particle focusing stream bifurcation is caused by the balance between elastic force and viscoelastic secondary flow drag force. The influence of cell physical properties, such as cell dimension, shape, and deformability, on the formation of multiple-streams focusing is studied in detail. Particle separation is realized utilizing different separation criteria. The size-based separation of red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cells is demonstrated in which cells get focused in different streams based on their dimension difference. Cells with different deformabilities get stretched in the viscoelastic flow, leading to the change of focusing streams, and this property is harnessed to separate red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. The achieved results promote our understanding of particle movement in the high viscoelastic flow and enable new particle manipulation and separation processes for sample treatment in biofluids.

Scattering of energetic electrons through nonlinear cyclotron resonance with coherent whistler-mode hiss emissions

Recent observations have revealed that plasmaspheric hiss consists of many discrete waves called “hiss elements.” However, the interaction of energetic electrons (10 keV to several MeV) with the plasmaspheric hiss has only been simulated by the quasilinear (QL) diffusion theory, which does not take the fine wave structure into account. The QL theory cannot address nonlinear particle motions determined by the inhomogeneity factor, which influences the scattering of electrons in pitch angle and energy. This study aims to identify differences between the nonlinear wave–particle interaction and QL theory for plasmaspheric hiss emissions. We conduct test particle simulations to demonstrate the nonlinear interactions between hiss waves and electrons. The nonlinear theory is used to model hiss elements consisting of discrete frequencies and continuous phases. Unlike the other theories, the frequency and amplitude variations in time of the hiss packet are taken into account. Frequencies of the packets are determined to satisfy the separability criterion; when the criterion is met, resonance overlapping is absent, and the electrons can generate each wave element independently. The realistic simulation model of hiss waves reproduces the scattering of electrons by both first- and second-order resonances. We also evaluate the efficiency of electron scattering by calculating nonlinear diffusion coefficients. The diffusion coefficient of equatorial pitch angle is of the same order of magnitude as those calculated by the QL diffusion theory, while we find the effective acceleration of resonant electrons by successive nonlinear trapping, which is not evaluated by the QL theory.