Subject Of Sentence Research Articles

Specifične teličke konstrukcije sa predlogom do u srpskom

This paper examines the specifics of the Serbian preposition do [to] in so-called telic constructions, which express the involvement of the sentence subject in collective activities related to a location (ground). The authors demonstrate that, unlike the prototypical prepositions u [in], na [on], and kod [at], the Serbian preposition do indicates, due to its reinterpretation as expressing dynamic spatial relations, that the subject has reached a particular location (or area of the ground) with the intention of achieving a specific goal, but that their presence at this location will be relatively brief. This characteristic suggests that the subject's intention can be connected to a telic interpretation. If the intention cannot be associated with this interpretation, the reasons for the subject's behavior can be inferred from the context or explicitly stated.

The teaching of EFL reading at a university level: Teachers' and students' perceptions

This study investigated the teaching of EFL reading at a university level from teacher’s and students’ perspectives. It delved into how the participating lecturer conducted the teaching of reading. Moreover, it shared the difficulties of teaching reading and the difficulties of students in reading. In this research, the researchers used a case study. The researchers used observation and interviews to collect the data. The participants of this study are one lecturer and three students situated in a private Islamic university in Malang, Indonesia. The recruited lecturer has been teaching reading for more than 10 years. Meanwhile, the recruited students were selected because they were close to the researchers and easy to access. The findings suggest that the teaching of reading was done by making a group discussion and cooperative learning such as Think-Pair-Share and Jigsaw. Besides, the minimal access to high-quality books for students’ reading tasks is one of the difficulties in the teaching of reading. Students also found it difficult to read difficult words. Mostly, they skipped the words and struggled to look for the text's main ideas and topic sentences. Finally, based on the result of the study, it is suggested that English lecturers should use appropriate reading books and techniques, select other supplementary materials, and vary the teaching activities. Future researchers are urged to conduct more intensive research in the teaching of reading in different contexts.

Types of Grammatical Elements in Indonesian ELT Textbook: SFL Perspective

Transitivity analysis is used to study news, reading, speeches, and other discourses. However, recent textbooks on grammatical element participants and processes have little transitivity analysis research. Teachers who understand transitivity analysis can help students understand grammar and improve their oral and written communication skills by developing grammar and using proper teaching methods to teach about sentence subjects and predicates. This study seeks to identify the transitivity participants and processes that define grammatical elements in English for Nusantara for Grade 7. This study employed a textbook for qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, Halliday and Matthiessen's (2014) transitivity analysis is applied to the data. The types of participants found in this study were carrier (93 words), actor (79 words), senser (29 words), token (18 words), sayer (17 words), and behaver (8 words). Additionally, the relational processes (112 words) include attributing (94 words) and identifying (18 words), material processes (111 words), mental processes (32 words), verbal processes (18 words), existential processes (8 words), and behavioral processes (7 words). This study suggests that teachers employ transitivity to create activities and strategies to help students learn English grammar. It should assist students meet Merdeka Belajar curriculum goals, including speaking and writing English well. Keywords: Grammatical Elements, English Textbook, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Transitivity

Null Subject Sentences in ‘Because’ Subordinate Clauses and L1 Transfer in English Writing by Korean Learners of English

The null subject parameter holds significant implications for L1 transfer in language acquisition. English learners whose native language permits null subject sentences often exhibit a tendency to omit subjects in their English expressions (Tati, 2021). This research investigates whether Korean English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners demonstrate a similar inclination toward using null subject sentences in their English writing. This inquiry is particularly pertinent as Korean, akin to Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese, is characterized by subject-drop features. Moreover, the study endeavors to elucidate the impact of the topic-prominence feature in Korean on the writing proficiency of Korean learners of English. To achieve these objectives, a thorough analysis was conducted on 20 compositions written by advanced EFL learners enrolled in an all-English University Program in South Korea. The error analysis revealed that 16 students consistently made subject-omission errors, with a pronounced frequency in subordinate clauses introduced by ‘because.’ Intriguingly, these learners also employed fragment ‘because’-clauses as a means to organize information in a topic-comment structure. This study contributes valuable insights into the manifestation of L1 transfer in the writing skills of Korean EFL learners and highlights the nuanced ways in which topic-prominence influences their English language performance.

Subject-verb dependency formation and semantic interference in native and non-native language comprehension

AbstractDifferences between native (L1) and non-native (L2) comprehension have been debated. This study explores whether a source of potential L1/L2 differences lies in susceptibility to memory-based interference during dependency formation. Interference effects are known to occur in sentences like The key to the cabinets were rusty, where ungrammaticality results from a number mismatch between the sentence subject and verb. Such sentences are sometimes misperceived as grammatical due to the presence of a number-matching “distractor” (“the cabinets”). Interference has been well-examined in a number agreement. However, whether and how forming thematic relations is susceptible to interference remains underexplored in L1 and L2 language comprehension. In six preregistered experiments, we investigated semantic interference in language comprehension and explored whether potential L1/L2 differences can be attributed to different degrees of susceptibility to interference. The results did not show that L2 speakers are more susceptible to interference than L1 speakers. Also, the observed interference patterns were only partially consistent with existing theories of memory retrieval during comprehension. We discuss how these theories may be reconciled with our findings and argue our results suggest that similar processes are involved in L1 and L2 subject-verb dependency formation.

The lab discovered: Place-for-institution metonyms appearing in subject position are processed as agents.

"Hospital" can refer to a physical place or more figuratively to the people associated with it. Such place-for-institution metonyms are common in everyday language, but there remain several open questions in the literature regarding how they are processed. The goal of the current eyetracking experiments was to investigate how metonyms are interpreted when they appear as sentence subjects in structures that are temporarily syntactically ambiguous versus unambiguous (e.g., "The hospital [that was] requested by the doctor…"). If comprehenders have a bias to interpret metonyms in subject position as agents (Fishbein & Harris, 2014), they should initially access the figurative (institutional) sense of the metonym. This interpretation is rendered incorrect at the disambiguating by-phrase, which should lead to reanalysis (i.e., garden-path effects). In Experiment 1, larger garden-path effects were observed for metonyms compared to inanimate control nouns that did not have a figurative sense. In Experiment 2, garden-path effects were equivalent for metonyms and animate sentence subjects. In addition, there was some evidence that readers exhibited initial difficulty at the verb (e.g., "requested") when it immediately followed the metonym compared to the inanimate control nouns in Experiment 1. Overall, the results suggest that the subject-as-agent heuristic is a powerful cue during sentence processing, which can prompt the comprehender to access a figurative interpretation of a metonym. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Attention-Fused Deep Relevancy Matching Network for Clickbait Detection

Clickbait is a sort of news that contains low-quality content but intriguing or overstated titles. Most of the existing studies usually utilize titles to detect clickbait and suffer from poor performance. However, from the perspective of user cognition, the essence of clickbait news is due to the fact that the body contents fall short of the titles’ expectations. So, in addition to the explicit features of titles, many extra informative signals could help to distinguish clickbait. In this article, we proposed a novel Multiview learning approach-based ClickBait Detection (MCBD) model that takes into account useful signals from both titles and body contents. From the view of titles, a multilayer gated convolutional network is employed to learn the local-and long-distance dependence relationships between words. From the view of body contents, we first extract the key topic sentences from the body content and then we developed a novel attention-fused deep relevance matching network (ARMN) to thoroughly mine the similarity between titles and body contents. Combined with the information from the views of titles and body contents, our model can distinguish well-hidden clickbait news. Finally, extensive experiments were conducted on two real-world datasets to demonstrate that the MCBD model outperforms the state-of-the-art models, improving the final performance by 3% in terms of the F1-score. The ablation studies demonstrate that the relevancy between titles and body contents can improve the model’s performance by 1.7% on the F1-score.

¿Por qué los españoles «saben» lenguas mientras los polacos tan solo las «conocen»? Los verbos de conocimiento en contraste polaco-español

The objective of the study is to delve into the main syntactic and semantic differences and similarities of the so-called verbs of knowledge, that is, the predicates, that denote the cognitive attitude of the sentence subject toward the acquaintance. The author will address the contrastive analysis of the main Spanish verbs –saber, conocer– with the corresponding Polish verbs –wiedzieć, znać, potrafić and umieć.

THE STUDY OF STUDENT PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT AT SHIPBUILDING INSTITUTE OF POLYTECHNIC SURABAYA BY ENGAGING CONTROLLING IDEA IN WRITING PROCESS

Building a single paragraph needs techniques and strategies in order to arrange the ideas in a clear and logical order. This research aimed to gain the ideas development created by polytechnic students in building the paragraph for their writing process. This study was descriptive qualitative supported by the quantitative data to find out the ways how the students developed the ideas and arranged them in a good single paragraph. There were 24 students who were taken as the objects of research. The data were collected by purposive random sampling to get the qualitative data and the textual analysis was used to get the deeper interpretation of the data. The result showed that the students developed the single paragraph by stating the topic sentence in the beginning of their writing completed by the part of speech with adjective(70,8%) to control the ideas. It could be concluded that engaging the controlling idea in a topic sentence could make the students develop the ideas easily. Hopefully, this research could portrait the phenomenon which was useful for the lecturer to choose the effective strategies based on the students need in the skill of writing.

Error analysis on students’ essay writing: A case study

The objective of this research is to determine the types of errors committed by the students of the English Department at the Faculty of Language and Science, Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya University (FBS UWKS), as well as to describe the origins of these errors. The research conducted was descriptive in nature, utilizing qualitative methods. The participants involved in the study were fourth semester students of the English Department at FBS UWKS. Out of the 20 participants, a total of 80 data sources were obtained during the learning process. The researchers collected the data through the use of interview sheets and essays. Once collected, the data underwent a process of reduction, classification, display, and analysis. The procedures for data analysis were outlined as follows: 1) the collection of essays, 2) the classification, counting, and analysis of errors based on the error types proposed by Brown (2007), and 3) the analysis of errors to identify their sources using the concepts of interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer as proposed by Brown (2007) and Touchie (1986). From the analysis, it was discovered that the errors could be categorized into two main groups, namely essay organization errors and grammatical errors. The essay organization errors consisted of seven classifications, including issues with the thesis statement, topic sentences, unity, coherence and cohesion, as well as supporting sentences. On the other hand, the grammatical errors encompassed omission, addition, and punctuation mistakes. The sources of these errors were found to be inadequate learning, false conceptualizations, overgeneralization, and ineffective teaching practices.

NEED ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING PARAGRAPH WRITING MATERIALS BASED ON PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING MODEL FOR INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS

This study aims to explore models of Paragraph Writing materials based on problem-based learning needed by students and lecturers. A descriptive qualitative method design is employed. It involves thirty- three students and two instructors of the English Department of a private university in Mataram West Lombok, Indonesia who attend paragraph writing class in the academic year 2023-2024. To collect the data, questionnaires, and interviews were used. The finding revealed that students and lecturers preferred teaching materials with understanding part of the paragraph, unity and coherence, and paragraph organization. The topic of paragraph writing material on vocabulary, subject-verb agreement, and part of speech. Learning exercises provide in individual and group, learning exercises which focus on writing topic sentences, supporting sentences and concluding sentences. Evaluation from both theoretical and practical elements, to understand the concept of problem-based learning. To conclude, designing a model of teaching materials for paragraph writing materials based on problem-based learning is needed to conduct to keep up with updated insightful needs. By giving information on the needs of students and educators, this study has shown the capacity to bridge the gap and also recommendation to conduct need analysis regularly for designing Paragraph Writing Material. Keywords: Paragraph writing material, problem-based learning, EFL learners

The Difficulties of Determining Main Idea on Students Reading Comprehension

This study used a descriptive-qualitative method using three data collection procedures to collect research data. The instruments used in this present research are observation, interviews, and documentation. This study has two research objectives. The first goal is to comprehend the challenges English students at an institute in East Java, Indonesia, face in identifying the main ideas in student reading comprehension. The second goal is to comprehend the factors that affect English language learners’ struggles in identifying the main ideas of their reading comprehension. Based on observations, interviews, and documentation, there are two difficulties in determining the main idea in students’ reading comprehension that English learners face: the first is that there is a difference between the main idea and the topic sentence, and the second is an inductive paragraph. Based on the research results of the study, some factors influence the difficulty in determining the main ideas for English learners, among which are a lack of vocabulary, reading style, and material themes.
 
 Keywords: Main Idea; Topic Sentence; Reading Comprehension.

Strategic Implementations - Model Changes for Leadership – management within Organizational Expectations

Significant attention in this presentation work and article paper focused on strategies within the identified problem context, change models and came - up with some recommendations for leadership- management in strategic implementations in bringing out model changes within organizational expectations as reflected in the topic sentence. Strategies mark significant keys to change process and effective management. Emphasis has been made on strategizing and the right model appropriate for bringing the sought and desired changes. Credited to the force field depicts the quasi equilibrium state in a system, while the change process involves a freezing process preceding the actual change process and finalized with the freezing phase having accomplished and achieved the actual change sought and anticipated [1,2]. A loop – feedback is essential between the top management and work force teams as presented in the novel model rather than a one way or exclusively top down process and radially vertical structure. A discussion on strategies, change models for leadership – management in Strategic Implementations and model changes within organizational and expectations has been extensively presented. Significant and salient recommendations were also made to the top management and organization teams in strategizing and making the right and appropriate fit for a change process.

A Study on the Topic Sentence “First Chapter of Mencius’ King Hui of Liang”

A Study on the Topic Sentence “First Chapter of Mencius’ King Hui of Liang”

영작 클리닉 피드백을 통해 본 대학생 영작문 오류 양상 및 지도 방안 모색

The purpose of this study was to examine what kind of writing feedback the students received when they had a writing conference with a native English-speaking professor in English writing clinics, and to examine the characteristics of students' English writing from the perspective of errors. In addition, this study attempted to investigate how learners' English writing changed after they got the English writing conference. To do this, 402 pieces of student writing feedback checklists obtained through English writing clinics with native English-speaking professors were analyzed for frequency. As a result of the analysis, the total number of English writing clinic feedback provided by native English-speaking professors was 3631, with an average of about 9 per student. The frequency of language use was 1324(36.5%), the frequency of content and organization feedback was 946(26.1%), the frequency of task completion was 804(22.1%), and the frequency of mechanical errors was 557(15.3%). Feedback in language use related to grammar and vocabulary accounted for the most, followed by the feedback on content and organization for writing fluency. The characteristics of the students' English writing, as seen through the feedback received from the native English-speaking professors at the English writing clinic, were that the students generally wrote according to the subject, the length tended to be rather short, and there were minor mistakes in the use of capitalization and punctuation marks. The students still had a lot of lexical and grammatical errors, and in terms of content and organization, they tended to express proper nouns in Korean, and occasionally lacked the topic sentences as well as supporting details. Additionally, in order to find out whether students use the feedback given by the native English-speaking professors when revising their English writings, the scores on the students' first drafts of English writing and the revised drafts were compared and analyzed. The average English writing score of the revised writings was significantly higher than the score of the first drafts. In other words, the feedback offered by the native English-speaking professors during English writing clinics helped students to correct their English writing and led to the improvement of the quality of English writing, showing the usefulness of the English writing clinic.

BT-CKBQA: An efficient approach for Chinese knowledge base question answering

Knowledge Base Question Answering (KBQA), as an increasingly essential application, can provide accurate responses to user queries. ensuring that users obtain relevant information and make decisions promptly. The deep learning-based approaches have achieved satisfactory QA results by leveraging the neural network models. However, these approaches require numerous parameters, which increases the workload of tuning model parameters. To address this problem, we propose BT-CKBQA, a practical and highly efficient approach incorporating BM25 and Template-based predicate mapping for CKBQA. Besides, a concept lattice based approach is proposed for summarizing the knowledge base, which can largely improve the execution efficiency of QA with little loss of performance. Concretely, BT-CKBQA leverages the BM25 algorithm and custom dictionary to detect the subject of a question sentence. A template-based predicate generation approach is then proposed to generate candidate predicates. Finally, a ranking approach is provided with the joint consideration of character similarity and semantic similarity for predicate mapping. Extensive experiments are conducted over the NLPCC-ICCPOL 2016 and 2018 KBQA datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach over the compared baselines. Particularly, the averaged F1-score result of BT-CKBQA for mention detection is up to 98.25%, which outperforms the best method currently available in the literature. For question answering, the proposed approach achieves superior results than most baselines with the F1-score value of 82.68%. Compared to state-of-the-art baselines, the execution efficiency and performance of QA per unit time can be improved with up to 56.39% and 44.06% gains, respectively. The experimental results for the diversification of questions indicate that the proposed approach performs better for diversified questions than domain-specific questions. The case study over a constructed COVID-19 knowledge base illustrates the effectiveness and practicability of BT-CKBQA.

Correlation between sentence topic and discourse topic in French and Chinese: annotation issues and contrastive analysis

AbstractThis paper aims to investigate the correlation between “sentence topic (ST)” and “discourse topic (DT)”, both based on an “aboutness” relation. It also compares the degrees of correlation between French and Chinese, considered respectively as a subject‐prominent and a topic‐prominent language. Kendall's correlation tests, Poisson models and z‐tests were conducted using manually annotated textual data. The results confirm a positive correlation between STs and DTs in both languages. Although the correlation coefficients are higher in Chinese, z‐tests' results do not show a significant difference between the two languages. We explain that the two languages differ not only in the more or less frequent topic‐comment constructions, but also in the choice of more or less accessible referential markers which represent the STs, or in the more or less tacit way that STs of different sentences are related to each other.

Research on the Classification of New Energy Industry Policy Texts Based on BERT Model

The existing means for classifying new energy industry policies are mainly based on the theory of policy instruments and manual encoding, which are highly subjective, less reproducible, and inefficient, especially when dealing with large-scale policy texts. Based on the theory of policy instrument, the research tried to apply the automatic classification model based on BERT to new energy industry policies to improve its classification efficiency and accuracy. A new energy industry policy classification model was established to train on policy texts and to compare the policy classification effects with the other two commonly used text classification models. The model comparison results show that the BERT model achieves higher precision, recall, and F1 score, indicating a better classification effect. Furthermore, adding topic sentences to training texts can effectively improve the classification effect of the BERT model. The policy classification results show that environmental policies are the most prevalent in new energy industry policies, while demand-side policy instruments are underutilized. Among the 11 types of subdivided policies, the application of goal planning policies is overflowing.

Translation of Personal Pronouns in Government Work Report from the Perspective of Explicitation

The outreach of government work reports is related to national image and international diplomacy, reflecting a certain political attitude, and its importance is self-evident, so is the outreach of local government work reports, which is also very important for foreign readers to understand China’s local development and shape the image of international cities. However, the outreach of local government work reports has not yet received much attention, and there are few official translations. This paper aims to provide more examples for the English translation of pronouns in political texts through translation practice and to raise the attention to the outreach of local government work reports by using the case study method and literature research method to produce a faithful and accurate translation of the Qingdao Municipal Government Work Report. The work report of Government contains a large number of sentences with the first person as the main subject and unattributed sentences, which provide a large number of examples for studying the translation method of personal pronouns in political texts. The translation practice concludes that the English translation of personal pronouns in political texts mainly includes direct translation, additional translation and original meaning substitution. This study supplements the important guiding value of manifestation strategy to the translation of political texts, study the translation methods of personal pronouns in political texts, and further explores the influence of the usage function of personal pronouns on the motivation of manifestation, which has certain reference value for improving the attention of local government work reports for outreach and improving the quality of the publicity of political texts.

EMPTY SUBJECT (EXISTENTIAL ‘THERE’) AND CONCORD IN ENGLISH AND ALBANIAN LANGUAGE

<p><span>Empty subject expressed with existential ‘there’ has confounded English linguists for a longer period of time. While some grammarians do not consider existential ‘there’ as real subject, Jespersen was the first to recognize and call it a ‘lesser subject’. Huddleston and Quirk argue that ‘there’ is subject of existential sentences. On the other hand, there is no subject when we translate simple sentences from English to Albanian language with existential ‘there’. In fact, such translated sentences start with a predicate. Existential ‘there’ and concord between the subject and predicate is also analyzed in this study. There are different examples where existential ‘there’ as subject takes a singular or a plural verb depending on the object in English language. There is a similar situation with the predicate in Albanian language when objects have an influence on the verb number. There are some differences, however, when existential ‘there’ is not in concord with some translated sentences in Albanian language. The second part of this study is focused on a questionnaire filled by students who had to choose between two given options, a singular or a plural verb with existential ‘there’ as the subject of the sentence for translated sentences from English to Albanian language.</span></p><p><span><strong><span>Keywords: </span></strong><span>Empty subject, existential ‘<em>there</em>’, verb, concord, English language, Albanian language.</span></span></p>