Verbs In Sentences Research Articles

Savings and forgetting from long-term memory

Two experiments investigated the nature of savings for items forgotten from long-term memory (LTM). In Experiment 1, 20 number-noun pairs were learned to a criterion of one errorless trial. The subsequent amount of forgetting from LTM was remarkably low: 10% errors on the retention test after 1 week and 25% after 2 weeks. Items missed on the retention test either remained the same or were changed prior to relearning; same-as-previously missed items were relearned faster than changed previously missed items, implying that ( a ) there are savings for individual items forgotten from LTM and ( b ) forgetting from LTM is decremental rather than all or none. In Experiment 2, using verbs in sentences, the changed previously missed item was either a synonym, antonym, or verb unrelated to the originally learned verb. There was no relearning difference between these three conditions, suggesting that the partial forgetting residual which benefits relearning is not necessarily semantic in nature.

On Negation with Fei in Classical Chinese

The view that fei in a verbal sentence (especially when it does not immediately precede a nominal expression) serves to negate the whole sentence is re-examined. It is argued that to interpret occurrences of fei in verbal sentences simply as instances of sentence negation is to fail to recognize specific functions fulfilled by this particle. Passages are cited from Tsochuan, Lun-yu, and Meng-tzu, are are analyzed with a view to reinforcing the point that the primary use of fei is nominal negation. It is shown that, even when fei occurs between the subject and the verb, it frequently negates specifically the nominal expression that serves as the object of the verb, rather than the whole sentence. It is noted that there is a class of quantifiers in Classical Chinese that likewise modify the nominal expression across the transitive verb. Finally, it is suggested that a recent development in linguistic theory offers a plausible explanation for the curious fact that fei, which contains within it a copular element, is used in negating not only nominal predicates but also nominal expressions that serve other functions.

Unfulfilled Conditions in Shenoute's Dialect

Unfulfilled conditions introduced by ene may have either a nominal, existential or verbal sentence in the protasis. In Shenoute's works a compound protasis usually entails repetition of ene. When the actor expression is extraposed, enere precedes it even though ene follows. Whenever the protasis consists of a verbal sentence, only one of two tenses (Present or Perfect) is employed, so that the contrast between durative and non-durative is conveyed (Rarely the First Future occurs as an extension of the Present). Negation of the tenses can be achieved by substituting nsabl ge for ene or by utilizing the appropriate negating morphs, with no difference in meaning. The contrast between First and Second Perfects, although not available in ene clauses, is found with nsabl &e. When editing Besa's works, Kuhn wrongly interpreted ene clauses in a quotation from Shenoute as questions. The first member of the compound apodosis, which normally would have consisted of the preterite converter ne plus Future I, is devoid of ne. A detailed analysis of the passage clearly indicates, nevertheless, that it must be regarded as a principal clause in the apodosis of an unfulfilled condition. At least one more example of this colloquialism exists in Shenoute's works.

Open sentences—the most useful tool in problem solving

Open number sentences are useful in finding solutions of verbal problems. To write open sentences for problems, one must be able to translate verbal phrases and sentences into mathematical language. Mathematical sentences, much like English sentences, are made up of phrases and verbs. It is the combination of these phrases and verbs that will make the mathematical sentence complete.

The Israelite Mode of Thinking

After introducing and criticizing W. F. Albright's “Ancient Israelite Mind”, the most recent contribution in this field, the lecturer discusses the problem of the Israelites' rejection of dualism, which Siegfried and Tremontant considered to be the typical way of the Israelite thinking. The lecturer emphasizes, however, that as the dualism and monism are correlative in nature, the more important approach to the problem would be to find out how both ways of thinking are correlated in a people's thinking. His opinion is that in the language a verbal sentence is monistic because of its one-term character, whereas a nominal sentence is dualistic in terms of its two term character. As for the Hebrew language, a verb comes at the very beginning of the sentence, a fact which indicates the emphasis of the activity of the subject. In case of a nominal sentence a copula combines the two terms. In Hebrew it is a particle of emphasis which is the expression of volition rather than logic in the Israelite mind. This indicates that the Israelite tries to solve the antagonism of the two poles of facticity and ideality in favour of the former through their volitional emphasis of activity. This is historically exemplified in Job and the Prophets in the Old Testament.

The Spanish Reflexive and the Verbal Sentence

Most grammars assume that since Spanish is a Romance tongue, it should follow the norms of the Latin group of languages. Yet as each of these languages fell away from the parent stock, it was subject to influences which caused radical changes in its structure. The most important of the influences on Spanish has been that of French, and the similarities and differences between them are well-known. Another influence