Processing Disorder Research Articles

Improvement of sensory deficits in fragile X mice by increasing cortical interneuron activity after the critical period

Changes in the function of inhibitory interneurons (INs) during cortical development could contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using all-optical invivo approaches, we find that parvalbumin (PV) INs and their immature precursors are hypoactive and transiently decoupled from excitatory neurons in postnatal mouse somatosensory cortex (S1) of Fmr1 KO mice, a model of fragile X syndrome (FXS). This leads to a loss of parvalbumin INs (PV-INs) in both mice and humans with FXS. Increasing the activity of future PV-INs in neonatal Fmr1 KO mice restores PV-IN density and ameliorates transcriptional dysregulation in S1, but not circuit dysfunction. Critically, administering an allosteric modulator of Kv3.1 channels after the S1 critical period does rescue circuit dynamics and tactile defensiveness. Symptoms in FXS and related disorders could be mitigated by targeting PV-INs.

Development of sensory integration therapy in Mainland China: A comprehensive study with bibliometrics and visualization techniques

Sensory integration therapy (SIT) is an intervention to improve the developmental and learning problems in children. It was introduced in China from late 1980 s to early 1990 s and has received considerable attention from scholars. However, due to its late development in China and its specialised nature, it is worth exploring in depth whether it is recognized by the general public and how it is researched by academics. Therefore, we used Internet survey approach to explore the actual feedback of users towards SIT through the Internet. At the same time, bibliometric method and visualization techniques were used to study 892 journal articles on SIT in CNKI, Wanfang Database and VIP Database to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution, subject distribution, keyword co-occurrence, and keyword clustering of SIT research in mainland China since it came to China mainland. We found that the research on SIT in mainland China has been fruitful. However, the public is less aware of its basic function, therapeutic effects, and necessity. Our findings point to the need to raise awareness of sensory integration disorder and sensory integration therapy among the general public, and to strengthen academic research on sensory integration therapy.

Patterns of equipment use for autistic children in multi-sensory environments: Time spent with sensory equipment varies by sensory profile and intellectual ability.

Multi-sensory environments, often called sensory rooms, are widely used with autistic children. However, we know very little about how autistic children choose to spend their time in multi-sensory environments. We also do not know how their equipment preferences relate to their individual characteristics such as their sensory differences, level of ability or general autistic behaviours. We measured the frequency and duration of visits to multi-sensory environment equipment of 41 autistic children during 5 min of free play. The bubble tube and touch, sound and light board were both highly popular, with the fibre optics and tactile board receiving less attention. The children displayed significantly more sensory seeking behaviours in the multi-sensory environment than sensory-defensive behaviours. These sensory seeking behaviours, as well as the sensory behaviours that their parents reported they showed in daily life, were associated with specific patterns of multi-sensory environment equipment use. Non-verbal ability was also associated with multi-sensory environment equipment use, but broader autistic behaviours were not. Our findings show that the multi-sensory environment equipment preferences of autistic children are related to individual differences in sensory behaviours and non-verbal ability. This information could be useful for teachers and other practitioners who want to know how best to use multi-sensory environments with autistic children.

Cultural Adaptation and Translation of the Short Sensory Profile 2 into Malayalam: A Study on Sensory Processing Disorder Screening in Kerala

Cultural Adaptation and Translation of the Short Sensory Profile 2 into Malayalam: A Study on Sensory Processing Disorder Screening in Kerala

Sleep Disturbances and Sensory Processing among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

INTRODUCTION: Research on sleep disturbances and sensory processing disorder (SPD) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received little attention. Identification of sensory components that cause sleep disturbances among ASD children will guide the therapists to select the best intervention for the condition. This study aims to identify the pattern of sensory processing that is responsible for sleep disturbance among ASD children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 ASD children between three and 18 years old who participated in the study. SPD was analyzed using Short Sensory Profile (SSP) while sleep disturbances utilized the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). RESULTS: The subscale of SPD showed a strong correlation with the score for overall sleep disturbances. The subscales SPD are movements sensitivity with a positive association and auditory filtering with a negative correlation association (p<0.05). However, no significant association between total SPD and sleep disturbances (p>0.05) were noted. CONCLUSION: This finding may therefore shed light that SPD and sleep disturbances need to be addressed reciprocally. Increasing the number of participants and battery of tests are required to accurately determine the relationship between SPD and sleep disturbances.

Interdisciplinary Clinician Perspectives of Comorbid Presentations of Sensory Processing Disorder & Childhood Apraxia of Speech

Abstract Date Presented 04/20/2023 Although it potentially exists in isolation, childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) often presents with co-occurring challenges of sensory processing disorder (SPD). This study analyzes responses from speech therapists and OT practitioners elicited via focus group and survey, evaluating perspectives on comorbid presentation and treatment of CAS and SPD. Themes revealed collaborative synergies to improve clinical experiences for children with CAS and SPD. Primary Author and Speaker: Zahava Friedman Contributing Authors: Kate Nealon

Defining & Classifying Idiopathic Sensory Processing Disorder

Abstract Date Presented 04/22/2023 A study examining the characteristics of children identified with idiopathic sensory processing disorder (SPD) and relations among specific types and subtypes of SPD as proposed by the 2007 nosology (Miller et al.) will be presented. A descriptive correlational nonexperimental design was used. Results suggested that current typologies may include more types and subtypes than are clinically useful, and the most effective ways of understanding SPD as its own diagnostic entity are discussed. Primary Author and Speaker: Shelley Mulligan

Prevalence of Co-Occurring Psychiatric & Sensory Processing Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Date Presented 04/22/2023 This research study, a retrospective review, aimed to answer the following research question: ‘What is the prevalence of the co-occurring psychiatric diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorder for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and a diagnosis of sensory processing disorder (SPD) between the ages of 5 and 13 years who received an interdisciplinary team evaluation from a pediatric outpatient clinic?’ Many of the findings of this study were significant and will contribute to those health care professionals treating children with ASD. Primary Author and Speaker: Kaitlin Dierksheide Additional Authors and Speakers: Mary Beth Kadlec

An Exploratory Study of the Associations Between Sensory Processing Patterns and Emotional/Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), abnormal sensory processing patterns are observed in various sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, touch, olfactory, taste, vestibular, and proprioceptive senses. Few studies have examined the relationship between sensory processing patterns and emotions, or their effects on daily life. We investigated the relationship between sensory processing patterns and emotional/behavioral problems in children with ASD. A retrospective chart review was conducted. Forty-three children with ASD (33 boys, 10 girls, median age 9 years) in the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric hospital participated; their parent (s) were invited to complete the Sensory Profile 2 (SP2) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaires. The participants' teachers were invited to complete the Teacher's Report Form (TRF). In the correlation analyses, each of the four quadrants of the SP2 (low registration, sensory seeking, hypersensitivity, and sensory avoiding) had significant positive correlations with different types of emotional and behavioral problems measured by the CBCL. Focusing on emotion, 'anxious/depressed' was correlated with low registration (r = 0.41) and sensory avoiding (r = 0.60), while 'withdrawal/depressed' was correlated with sensory avoiding (r = 0.46). Only one significant correlation was revealed between the SP2 and the TRF. Our results suggest a link between sensory processing patterns and emotional/behavioral problems. In school settings, the relationship between sensory processing patterns and emotional/behavioral problems may be easily overlooked.

Sensory integration therapy as enabler for developing emotional intelligence in children with autism spectrum disorder and the ICT’s role

Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) is a widely known and used intervention by a lot of professionals and practitioners in the field of special education as being an enabler of functionality of the child. Through intervention, the sensory processing components that have been affected are targeted. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is highly affected by sensory modulation disorder (SMD), a special subcategory of sensory processing disorder (SPD) that is expressed in various ways causing activation of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) leading to biological and physiological stress. Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a complex set of skills that drive us to higher mental states. According to theorists the basis of these skills is the ability to manage and regulate stimulus. The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the connections between SIT and EI in children with ASD. In the introduction basic definitions and concepts of ASD and SIT are analyzed and in the main part correlations between EI and SMD are made, discussing the effectiveness of SIT in ASD children.

Neural speech tracking shifts from the syllabic to the modulation rate of speech as intelligibility decreases.

The most prominent acoustic features in speech are intensity modulations, represented by the amplitude envelope of speech. Synchronization of neural activity with these modulations supports speech comprehension. As the acoustic modulation of speech is related to the production of syllables, investigations of neural speech tracking commonly do not distinguish between lower-level acoustic (envelope modulation) and higher-level linguistic (syllable rate) information. Here we manipulated speech intelligibility using noise-vocoded speech and investigated the spectral dynamics of neural speech processing, across two studies at cortical and subcortical levels of the auditory hierarchy, using magnetoencephalography. Overall, cortical regions mostly track the syllable rate, whereas subcortical regions track the acoustic envelope. Furthermore, with less intelligible speech, tracking of the modulation rate becomes more dominant. Our study highlights the importance of distinguishing between envelope modulation and syllable rate and provides novel possibilities to better understand differences between auditory processing and speech/language processing disorders.

Prospective One-Year Follow-Up of Sensory Processing in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome.

Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by the loss (deletion) of a small portion of chromosome 22 in a region designated q13.3 (22q13.3 deletion). PMS is one of the most common genetic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in which sensory reactivity difficulties have been described on limited occasions. The objective of this study is to identify whether changes in sensory reactivity skills occur after one year of follow-up in a group of 44 participants diagnosed with PMS. All participants completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Two-factor ANOVA tests were performed with repeated measures for the study of the evolution of the scores. Participants with PMS showed significant changes after one year of follow-up in sensory reactivity skills associated with tactile hyperreactivity (p = 0.003). The rest of the study variables did not show significant differences compared to the baseline assessment, showing definite differences associated with patterns of hypo-responsiveness and sensory seeking, low/weak energy, and difficulties in auditory filtering. Understanding the evolution of sensory reactivity skills can facilitate the adjustment to behavioral changes in people with PMS and design-targeted interventions to address sensory reactivity challenges.

A Behavioral Investigation of Preference for a Playground Sensory Maze

Universal design (UD) is an approach that acknowledges the diversity of an individual’s needs and aims to design products and indoor/outdoor environments that are useable by the majority of the population (Center for UD, 1997). UD for learning is a framework that provides teachers with guidance on how to support to children with diverse needs in the general education classroom with the goal to promote inclusion of all children. For playgrounds, UD means building playgrounds that are usable by a wide range of individuals, regardless of age, gender, size, race/ethnicity, culture, or ability. The current study explored UD in playground design and builds. Specifically, the overall impact of a sensory maze on children’s preference levels as measured by adult and child surveys, and observations. Three sources of data collection were obtained on the sensory maze’s effectiveness: adult surveys (N = 431), adult open-ended surveys (N = 366), child surveys (N = 1,182), and observations of the children playing on the playground (N = 21,763 intervals of 10 minutes). Study results demonstrate that the sensory maze is a favorite for children with sensory disabilities (i.e., sensory processing disorder, blind, visual impairment). Study findings suggest that the sensory maze may be a valuable piece of playground equipment on a community playground, be an asset to all individuals, and allow adults to participate in the play with their children. Designing playgrounds with playground equipment that is proven effective through rigorous research should be seen as central in park administration. Park administrators, who build universally designed playgrounds in their communities, will provide a play space that meets the needs of all community residents and allows them to play, engage in the outdoors, and meet other individuals which can lead to fruitful and rewarding peer relationships.

Istikhdām al-Lugah al-‘Arabiyyah Ladā al-Aṭfāl zāwi al-Iḥtiyājāt al-Khāssah; ‘Alā Naẓri ‘Ilm al-Lugah al-Nafsī

This study aims to measure psychological gestures and language acuity (linguistics) from sensory integration barriers or disorders in a child with Down syndrome named Muhammad Syauqi, with an IQ below 45, a child with special needs from QIS Surabaya. The purpose of this study was to determine linguistic ability (language ability related to pronunciation sharpness, duration of memorizing Arabic vocabulary, and language regularity), psychological resilience in the process of speaking Arabic, and to identify pronunciation barriers that are owned by the cognitive abilities of children with Down syndrome IQ in below 45. This study uses qualitative research with observation methods, namely field observations, accompanied by analysis and distribution methods, namely listening, taking notes, changing, and replacing. The descriptive analysis method is used to present information and data. Data collection techniques were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis used descriptive analysis by describing and summarizing the data obtained statistically. The analysis results show that language use in children with Down syndrome, namely Muhammad Syauqi, is very different because apart from the lower average IQ, obstacles to pronunciation acuity also occur due to physical disorders in the mouth to the throat. Down syndrome children can only say one word because of the lack of vocabulary. Children with Down syndrome will point to the object they want when asking for something. Children with Down syndrome have difficulty pronouncing the vowels /alif/, /fa'/, /syin/, /shod/, /hot/ /'ain/, and /groin/, as well as the vibration of the sound /ro'/. Children with Down syndrome also experience difficulties pronouncing the correct articulation, even sounds that sound unclear, and sometimes make faint sounds without meaning that cannot be understood.

Sensory Processing in the Children Aged Under 14 Years

Objectives: Individuals should have good sensory processing ability to function appropriately and participate in daily activities. This investigation aimed to evaluate the sensory processing characteristics of children aged under 14 years. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population comprised all children aged >14 years referred to child’s developmental centers and elementary and middle schools in Tehran City, Iran. After considering the inclusion criteria, 1272 children were selected using multistage cluster sampling. The research tool was sensory profile-2, completed by children’s caregivers and teachers. Their sensory processing characteristics were measured according to the cut-off scores of the separate questionnaires of Sensory profile-2 in the section, school, and quadrant factors. Results: The research samples scored just like the majority of others on most sensory processing areas, with only two quadrants, one sensory section, and one school factor score indicating “less than others” or “more than others.” Discussion: According to the findings, a high sensory sensitivity leads to intolerance of children in schools. Also, the low level of sensory seeking in toddlers is associated with less than other scores in movement items.

Case Study: Nursing Implementation of Taking Medication in Patients with Auditory Hallucinations

Medication adherence is the level of individual accuracy with medical advice that describes the use of medication according to the instructions and instructions on the prescription, including using it at the correct time. Patients who are not compliant in taking medication tend to experience relapses easily. Frequent relapses in sufferers result in bad effects on the brain which makes it difficult for sufferers to recover. This research aims to obtain an overview of the level of adherence to taking medication and provide knowledge about the importance of taking medication in patients with sensory perception disorders, auditory hallucinations. This case study research is descriptive in nature, with an implementation method using nursing care which was carried out on 8-15 April 2021, the case study subjects were two patients with sensory perception disorders, auditory hallucinations in the Cempaka ward of the Ernaldi Bahar Hospital, South Sumatra Province. After implementing it on patients, the result was that taking medication regularly was very effective in controlling hallucinations because patients were taught to know the five correct principles in taking medication, namely the correct patient, the correct drug, the correct dose, the correct method/route of administration, and the correct time for administering the drug. where compliance occurs if the rules for taking prescribed medication and administering it in the hospital are followed correctly

Nursing Care in Tn. N And Tn. R with Problems of Sensory Perception Disorders: Hearing Hallucinations

Hallucinations are the client's perception of the environment without any real stimulus, which means the client interprets something real without external stimulus. The purpose of this writing is to describe the nursing management of sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations in Mr. N and Mr. R at RSJ Palembang. The method used is to provide management in the form of patient care to control the auditory hallucinations they experience. Patient management was carried out for 5 days for Mr. N and Mr. R. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview techniques, physical examination and observation. Management results showed that clients were able to control the auditory hallucinations they experienced, namely by shouting, having conversations, scheduled activities and taking medication. Clients are able to overcome the hallucinations they experience as a whole so that the treatment given can provide optimal results. Suggestions for RSJ are expected to improve nursing care for sensory perception disorders: hallucinations by involving clients in various activities in the room so that clients remain focused and do not get lost in their hallucinations

Sensory processing, autonomic nervous function, and social participation in people with mental illnesses.

This study investigated the relationship between sensory processing, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and social participation in people with psychiatric disorders. This study recruited 30 participants, primarily women, from a psychiatric university hospital with a mental health diagnosis listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (mean age: 37.7 ± 16.0years). Sensory processing, autonomic nervous function, and social participation were measured using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile®, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule, respectively. Through mediation analysis, a model wherein sensory processing mediated the relationship between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and social participation was developed. Social participation was moderately to highly correlated with Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile® quadrants (excluding sensory seeking) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Furthermore, the mediation analysis revealed that sensory avoiding mediated the relationship between respiratory sinus arrhythmia and social participation, consequently counteracting the direct relationship. A mediation model was constructed, which indicated that individuals with psychiatric disorders and low parasympathetic nervous system activity expressed higher sensory processing quadrant of sensory avoiding. Ultimately, this was associated with reduced social participation.

TERAPI OKUPASI MENGGAMBAR TERHADAP PERUBAHAN TANDA DAN GEJALA HALUSINASI PADA PASIEN DENGAN GANGGUAN PRESEPSI SENSORI HALUSINASI DI RSUD TOMBULILATO

Hallucinations are a symptom of mental disorders in individuals characterized by changes in sensory perception: feeling false sensations in the form of sound, sight, touch, taste and smell. Patients with hallucinations get a response about their environment without any real object of stimulation. The purpose of this study was to determine Occupational Drawing Therapy for Changes in Signs and Symptoms of Hallucinations in Patients with Hallucination Sensory Perception Disorders at Tombulilato Hospital. Pre-experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest research design. Sampling using Total Sampling with 15 respondents. Data collection used an observation sheet with the results of the study that there were 15 (100%) respondents with severe hallucinations before being given occupational drawing therapy and after being given occupational drawing therapy there were 14 (93.0%) respondents with mild hallucinations and there was 1 (7.0%) ) respondents with severe hallucinations. The results of statistical tests using the Paired T-Test showed a p value = 0.000 with ? <0.05, there was a significant effect between occupational drawing therapy on changes in signs and symptoms in patients with hallucinatory sensory perception disorders. It is hoped that changes in signs and symptoms can reduce hallucinations from patients.

Caregivers’ Assessment of the Sensory Processing Patterns Exhibited by Children with Autism in the Gulf Region

This study explored the nature, prevalence, and developmental profiles of sensory processing disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participants comprised 119 children with ASD and 30 typically developing children and their parents. The Child Sensory Profile-2 was used to assess the children’s sensory processing characteristics. The children with ASD exhibited elevated sensory processing difficulties. Deficits were observed in all the sensory modalities among the children with ASD, except the visual processing modality. Age-related improvements were observed in most sensory processing domains, although non-significant differences were noted in three domains. These findings should enhance understanding of the sensory challenges faced by children with ASD and contribute to the development of individually tailored, targeted, and age-specific therapeutic interventions.