Sensory Integration Therapy Research Articles

Influence of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Motor Proficiency in Youth with Sensory Processing Dysfunction

Individuals with sensory-integration delays may have some deficit in motor planning, or difficulty interacting with and influencing their surroundings. The demonstration of age-appropriate motor skills is therefore a primary outcome measure in this population. Therapeutic horseback riding may provide the necessary physical adaptations to improve motor skill proficiency. PURPOSE: To characterize motor skill proficiency following 8 weeks of therapeutic horseback riding with sensory integration therapy in children with sensory processing dysfunction. METHODS: Twenty-seven children, ages 5 to 18 years, were recruited. All participants completed the same 32-week protocol that was separated into 4, 8-week blocks: a) a control period (no riding); b) a riding only period; c) a washout period (no riding); d) riding with additional sensory integration therapy (combination). Before and after each period, motor skills were assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (2ndedition). A one-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine any differences between testing periods. A significance level of 0.05 was used. RESULTS: All subtest scores were statistically similar (p > 0.05), with the exception of manual dexterity, which was different between pre-control and post-washout (p = 0.018), post-control and post-washout (p = 0.024), and pre-control and post-combination (p = 0.037). Overall scores were different between pre-control and post-combination (p = 0.003) and post-control and post-combination (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Therapeutic riding may have a latent effect of improving overall motor skills in children with sensory processing dysfunction.Table 1: Average and overall scores on the BOT-2 subtests at different time pointsValues are mean±s.d. Means with the same superscript are statistically similar (p > 0.05). BOT-2 = Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (2nd edition); Max = maximum possible score.

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN TAKTIL ANAK AUTIS MELALUI TERAPI SENSORI INTEGRASI

Tactile dis ability was one of the sensory problems experienced by children with special needs. Sensory integration therapy was used as a therapy for children with sensory processing problems. The aims of this study were to screen the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy to improve tactile abilities of autistic examine children. A repeated treatment experimental research design was used in this study. The subjects of this study consisted of 6 children with tactile sensory impairment. The measurement of sensory integration therapy was done by direct observation that when the children were given toys and learning tools. Results thus far indicate there is a difference in tactile ability before and after the therapy. Autistic children who have attended therapy have an increased ability of tactile. This research have implications for the therapy and parents to provide sensory integration therapy for children with low tactile ability.

A study to identify prevalence and effectiveness of sensory integration on toilet skill problems among sensory processing disorder

Background: Toilet skill problems have been reported among children with sensory processing disorders (SPD) in recent literatures. Pollock concluded that children with dysfunctional elimination syndrome (53%) had SPD than was reported for the general population. Occupational therapists from India experience similar observations in their clinical practice. However, there is limited evidence within the Indian context. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to find the prevalence of problems in toilet skills in children with SPD and the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy (SIT) for the improvement of toilet skills in children with SPD. And also to compare the effectiveness of SIT with behavior modification for developing age-appropriate toileting habits in children with SPD. Study Design: A cross-sectional survey and quasi-experimental pre-posttest design were adopted for the study. Methods: The study consisted of 2 phases. In Phase 1, 96 children with SPD were screened to find out the prevalence of toilet skill problems among them. In Phase 2, the study effectiveness of SIT on toilet skill development was investigated on 22 children. The baseline and posttest measurement were done using sensory profile (SP), Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and modified diet schedule. The control group underwent behavior modification therapy, and experimental group, in addition, underwent SIT for 4 months. Both groups also underwent conventional occupational therapy. Results: This study found out among 96 SPD children, 68.75% had toilet skill problems. There was the difference in sections, factors, and quadrants in SP for children with and without toilet skill problems. In Phase 2, the result shows a significant difference (P

Effectiveness of visual schedule in combination with sensory-integration therapy for developing self-care in children with autism

Background: Developmental disorders like autism are heterogeneous and lifelong disorder which will have mild-to-severe limitations for which they rely heavily on others for support in self-care, daily living, employment, relation, and overall independent living. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the effect of visual scheduling for developing self-care in children with autism and to incorporate the visual scheduling as a therapeutic intervention in combination with sensory integration therapy (SIT). Study Design: This was pretest–posttest control group design. Methods: Convenient sample of 32 children with autism were screened with childhood autism rating scale (CARS) were allotted to experimental and control group. The pretest score was taken using Wee-FIM, after that, both groups underwent 12 weeks of intervention. Experimental group followed conventional therapy (SIT) along with visual schedule protocol of self-care and control group followed conventional therapy and the culture-based rearing techniques. The potential impact of the program on participation was assessed as post Wee-FIM score. Results: The present study aimed at knowing the effectiveness of the combined approach of visual schedule and SIT for increasing self-care in children with autism. Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant difference between both groups after posttest. Result shows the change in mean score 25.56–40.43. Moreover, the result is highly significant at the level of P = 0.00 (95% confidence interval). Conclusions: This study shows the combined effect of visual schedule and SIT is an effective intervention to improve self-care activities in children with autism.

Efficacy of Static and Intermittent Gravity Inverted Therapy Techniques in Improvement of Motor Apraxia and Cognitive Abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

This work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of static and intermittent gravity inverted therapy techniques in improvement of motor apraxia and cognitive abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 30 children were randomly joined in this study into two groups; Group A (sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques) and Group B (sensory integration therapy approach only). Block design test was used to locate and follow constructional apraxia, computerized information processing speed test to locate and follow cognitive processing and grooved pegboard test was used to locate and follow fine motor skills. The variance between pre- and post-treatment results was highly significant in the study group in all variables. By comparison of the two groups in constructional apraxia variables test at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study groups (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in cognitive processing variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study group (p < 0.05). By comparison of the two groups in fine motor skills variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favor to study group (p < 0.05). According to the outcomes of this study, it can be terminated that the sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques can be recommended in improvement constructional apraxia and cognitive processing abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.

대학생의 플립드 러닝 기반 감각통합치료 수업 경험에 관한 현상학적 연구

목적 : 플립드 러닝기반 감각통합치료 수업을 받은 작업치료 대학생의 경험의 의미를 파악하고 수업 후 학습자의 요구와 성찰을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 대학생의 플립드 러닝 기반 감각통합치료 수업 경험에 관한 질적 연구 중 현상학적 연구방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 2017년 1학기 K대학교 작업치료학과 전공필수과목인 ‘감각통합치료 및 실습’을 수강한 3학년 학생 중 10명이다. 자료 수집을 위해 일대일 면담방법을 이용하였고, 녹음한 면담내용을 전사하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 의미단위 20개, 중심의미 8개, 주제 3개가 도출되었다. 연구결과는 온라인 수업에서의 학습경험, 오프라인 수업에 서의 학습경험, 플립드 러닝에 대한 학습자의 요구와 성찰의 주제로 분석하였다. 온라인 수업은 원하는 시간과 공간에서 학습할 수 있다는 편리함과 반복학습의 만족감을 가져왔다. 하지만 교수와의 면대면 수업의 부재로 소통과 집중력의 문제를 호소하였다. 오프라인 수업에서는 다양한 감각통합 실습수업에 흥미를 보였고, 적극적인 실습태도의 변화가 있었다. 결론 : 실습이 요구되는 감각통합 수업에 플립드 러닝 기반 수업은 시간의 확보와 실습 몰입 면에서 효과가 있었다. 다른 작업치료교과목도 플립드 러닝으로 수업하고 싶다는 요구가 있었으며, 플립드 러닝 수업을 통해 능동적인 학습 자세가 필요하다는 성찰이 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 작업치료 교육 분야에서 플립드 러닝 수업을 시도하는데 기초자료로 제공 하고자 한다.

The Effect of Sensory Integration Therapy on Occupational Performance in Children With Autism.

Sensory processing problems and related dysfunctions are among the most common conditions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the effect of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on different aspects of occupational performance in children with ASD. The study was conducted on an intervention group ( n = 16) receiving SIT and a control group ( n = 15) with 3- to 8-year-old children with ASD. The Short Child Occupational Profile (SCOPE) was used to compare the two groups in terms of the changes in their occupational performance and the Sensory Profile (SP) was used to assess sensory problems. The intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in all the SCOPE domains, as well as in all the SP domains, except for the "emotional reactions" and "emotional/social responses" domains, ( p < .05). The effectiveness of SIT in improving occupational performance in children with ASD as a health-related factor is supported by our findings.

감각통합치료가 지적장애아동의 사회행동과 식사하기에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 감각통합치료가 감각처리능력의 어려움을 가진 지적장애아동의 사회행동과 식사하기에 미치는 효과를 알아 본 사례연구이다. 연구기간은 2016년 9월부터 12월이며, 개별실험연구 방법 중 ABA 설계를 사용하였고 각각 2회기, 9회기, 2회기로 총 13회기 진행하였다. 감각통합프로그램은 50분씩 9회기 진행하였고 윌버거프로토콜(Wilbargers Protocol) 을 하루 2~3회씩 실시하였다. 아동의 기초적 발달 수준을 알기 위해 영역별 관찰 평가와 사회성숙도검사를 초기에 실시하였다. 아동의 감각처리능력을 알아보기 위해 감각프로파일(Sensory Profile: SP)을 실시하였으며 일상생활수행능력과 작업수행능력정도를 일상생활평가(Functional Independence Measure for children; WeeFIM)와 캐나다작업수행측정(Canadian Occupational Performance Measure;COPM)을 통해 각각 평가하였다. 아동의 사회행동인 탐색행동과 식사하기는 관찰을 통해 측정하였다. 연구결과 감각통합프로그램이 아동의 사회행동을 증가시키고 식사하기를 가능하게 하는데 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 아동의 식사하기는 중재 후 5회기부터 안정적으로 가능하였으며, 탐색행동은 중재 후 3주 후부터 변화를 보이기 시작해 7주 후 부터는 안정적인 탐색행동을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 감각처리능력에 어려움을 가진 지적장애아동이 일상생활에서 겪는 어려움을 중재하는데 감각통합프로그램이 효과적임을 말해 준다.

The observational results of a combination of snoezelen therapy and sensory integration therapy in two subjects with autism

The observational results of a combination of snoezelen therapy and sensory integration therapy in two subjects with autism

Sensory processing disorders – diagnostic and therapeutic controversies

This article presents the current state of knowledge regarding the controversial issue of sensory integration dysfunction/sensory processing disorder. Symptoms are defined as impairments in the accurate reception and registering of stimuli, differentiation of stimulus intensity, and adequate reactivity to stimulation. They can be of specific character and occur in isolation and can also be a nonspecific element of a clinical picture of another disease entity. Psychophysiological and neuroimaging studies confirm the existence of both a distinct group of children with symptoms of sensory processing disorder diagnosed based on descriptions of behaviours listed in questionnaires and of a specific neurobiological basis of this disorder. In clinical practice, it is of key importance to determine whether behavioural problems observed in children are caused by disorders other than sensory processing disorders. Results of meta-analyses regarding sensory integration therapy are inconclusive and do not allow this form of treatment to be considered fact-based. Future studies with high methodological standards are necessary in order to verify the effectiveness of different forms of sensory integration therapy. Parents should be informed about the existing limitations.

Comparison of behavioral intervention and sensory integration therapy on challenging behavior of children with autism

The current study used an AB crossover design to directly compare the effects of sensory integration therapy (SIT) and behavioral intervention (BI) on the challenging behavior of 10 participants with autism spectrum disorder. During the intervention phase, all participants received both treatments. Follow‐up probes were conducted 1 month following intervention for 4 participants implementing the more effective intervention. The results showed that BI successfully reduced challenging behavior to low‐ or near‐zero levels. In contrast, SIT resulted in higher and more variable rates of challenging behavior. One exception was noted for Participant 4 who engaged in a decreased level of challenging behavior during SIT. The findings are discussed in relation to implication for practice and future research.

Pengaruh Terapi Integrasi Sensori Terhadap Tonus Anak Dengan Sensory Integration Disorder (SID) Berdasarkan Skor Clinical Observation Of Neuromotor Performance (CONP) Di Mitra Ananda Surakarta

Abstract: Sensory Integration Therapy-Muscle Tonus-Clinical Observation Of Neuromotor Performance. Special need children such as down syndrome, autism and intellectual disability suffered from Sensory Integration Disorder (SID) will have an impact on the weakness of postural muscle tone. Muscle tone measurement of children with SID is different from other children without SID. Clinical observation of neuromotor performance (CONP) is used as of one of criteria of muscle muscle tone in children with SID. The study aimed at finding theeffect of sensory integration therapy towards muscle tone based on Score of Clinical Observation of Neuromotor Performance (CONP) at Mitra Ananda Surakarta. The study was designed as quasi experiment one group pretest posttest design. population of this study is client with SID at Mitra Ananda Surakarta , by total sampling there are a number of 12 samples. Paired t-test is applied for analizing data with SPSS version 17.0. Paired t-test portrayed p-value &gt; 0.05 it means that there are no significant difference in muscletone, before and after treatment. Sensory integration therapy doesn’t affect muscle tone for shildren with SID Based on Score of Clinical Observation of Neuromotor Performance (CONP) at Mitra Ananda Surakarta

Research On The Influence Of Exercise On Brain Structure And Brain Function In The Resting State Of Children With Febrile Convulsion

PURPOSE: Using the complex brain function and brain structure as an entry point in the resting-state, the research explored the central mechanisms of febrile convulsion, aiming to improve the condition of impaired brain function and the level of physical ability of FC children. METHODS: We chose 10 children(group A) and 10 FC children (group B). The group B was intervened by the sensory integration training, which was based on balance and flexibility and coordination. The intervention lasted for 6 months. Adopting BOLD-fMRI technology, regional homogeneity was observed. Based on VBM measurement technology, Cerebral gray matter concentration was measured. The dynamic change of regional homogeneity and gray matter concentration of the whole brain for both A and B group has been observed before and after exercise intervene. RESULTS:1.Compared with group A, the abnormality of regional homogeneity occurred in many encephalic regions for group B. 2.After intervene, group B’s regional homogeneity signal changed obviously in SG (P<0.05:P<0.01) and cerebellum(P<0.05:P<0.01),M1(P<0.05:P<0.05),PMA(P<0.05:P<0.05), SMA(P<0.05:P<0.01) and IPL(P<0.05:P<0.05).3.The gray matter of group B occurred in such encephalic regions as precentral gyrus(BA 4),inferior parietal lobule (BA 40), cuneus (BA 18),precuneus (BA7), cingulate gyrus(BA 24, 32) encephalic regions improved.4.Sit and reach (flexibility, P<0.01), walking balance beam (balance ability, P<0.01), cross jump (coordination ability, P<0.05), two feet continuous jump (jump ability, P<0.01) significantly increased for group B. CONCLUSIONS: 1. SG was the main encephalic region which resulted in FC children motor function injuries.So it was the main intervene target. 2. Ml,PMA,SMA and IPL were the critical regions for FC children to accomplish reorganization and compensation of the brain function in the resting-state. They were the important focus for exercise intervene. 3.the abnormal alteration of ray matter concentration was the main difference among group A and B children’ brain structure. It became the material basis of the abnormality of brain function.4. Sensory integration training and exercise intervene based on the development of balance and coordination ability had the significant effect on improving FC children’s physical ability.

Sensory Integration Training Tool Design for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

This study aims to design a training tool for therapy of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs). Typically, ASDs pass through obstacle track several times with sandbags, which should be picked up from starting point and threw into a box at the end during sensory integration therapy. Counting the sandbags can help ASDs to have concept about the progress of mission. We redesign the counting box named “Skybox” which can help counting by playing sound after detect something throw in it. Aims to probe into the sound preference of two main subjects, an experiment with four kinds of sounds is conducted in this paper by using the method of paired comparisons. The result shows they like animals most, followed by human voice and nature sounds, and music instrument is the last. The material preference experiment shows two subjects like acrylic most, wood and paper are secondary while furry is the last. Skybox shortens their training time for 23.53%, 29.87% and 37.37% in three different projects. We consider that Skybox attracts ASDs therefore reduces their distraction and improves their performance in the usability test.

Complementary and alternative medicine use in children with autistic spectrum disorder in Mauritius

This study has been designed to explore CAM used in the management of Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in Mauritius. Parents and/or legal guardians of individuals with ASD were surveyed. Effectiveness, method of use, possible side-effects, reasons behind using CAM, source of recommendation, and beliefs behind the cause of ASD were studied. Out of the 23 individuals with ASD recruited, 73.9% presented with a formal diagnosis of autistic disorder while 26.1% had only traits of autism. Educational techniques (13.6%), prescribed drugs (35.6%), speech therapy interventions (15.3%), occupational therapy interventions (22.0%), and applied behavioural analysis (13.6%) were used by the individuals with ASD as common therapies. Eighteen different types CAM interventions were used by the subjects. The most used therapies were omega-3 (6.6%), vitamins (7.9%), music therapies (9.2%), sensory integration therapy (7.9%), spiritual healing (14.5%), hippotherapy (7.9%), and hydrotherapy (6.6%). The use of CAM is in common use among ASD patients.

Gamification Does Not Replace Sensory Integration Training in Autistic Children

Background: Autistic children had various behavior limitations. These limitations result from defects in interaction and integration of perceptual and sensory processing. Aim: Our study aimed to determine whether gamification replace sensory integration training in autistic children or not. Methods: Thirty children (nineteen boys and eleven girls) suffering from autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) conducted to this study. They were divided randomly into two age and sex matched groups. Each child in group I applied Wii training for (30 min, three sessions per week for 6 months). Each child in group II conducted to sensory integration program (30 min, three sessions per week for 6 months). Results: Post treatment mean values of the calculated variables were compared and revealed significant promotion in fine motor skills for both groups with favor of sensory integration group. Conclusion: Virtual reality games do not replace sensory integration and open environment training in autistic children.

Effect of Sensory Integration on Motor Performance and Balance in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To investigate the effect of designed sensory motor paradigm on motor performance and balance in children with developmental coordination disorder. Design: Thirty children with developmental coordination disorder according to the Movement Assessment Battery for children 2nd edition from both sexes ranging in age from eight to ten years old were assigned into two groups of equal number. Control group did not receive any intervention, and study group received sensory motor integration therapy. Stability indices were evaluated using Biodex instrument system as well as motor skills were assessed using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency 2nd edition before and after three months of treatment. Results: Comparing the pre- and post-treatment mean values, the results revealed no significant difference in all the measuring variables of the control group, while a significant improvement observed in all the measuring variables of the study group. Also, a significant difference in favor to the study group observed when comparing the post-treatment results of the two groups. Conclusion: Observing the study group results revealed the ability to effectively integrate sensory activities that meet a variety of sensory processing needs, and the improvement of motor skills and dynamic balance among children with developmental coordination disorder. Keywords: Developmental Coordination Disorder; Sensory Motor Integration; Motor Performance; Balance.

Prve tegobe i podrška/pomoć porodicama dece s poremećajima iz spektra autizma

Introduction: Raising a child with ASD is a challenge requiring a significant involvement of all family members, requiring family members to educate themselves about the illness, as well as on health care and available support. Aim: To identify first symptoms of the child, the average age when the diagnosis was made, to evaluate the availability of additional support in education and social protection, and availability of additional help for their parents. Material and Methods: Survey was used as a method for collecting data, and respondents are parents or caretakers of children from the registry of patients with ASD diagnosis. The sample consisted of 223 boys and 58 girls ( in total 281). In the research we used a questionnaire developed by Amy Daniels and the national coordinators of the Southeast European Autism Network (Southeast European Autism Network - SEAN). Results: During the study, 281 parents were interviewed. The average age when the diagnosis has been made was 45.8 months (SD 22.4). The most common first symptoms were: 1) the problem of establishing eye contact during conversation or play; 2) the child did not understand communication; 3) difficulties in social interaction; and 4) unusual movements (walking on the toes, flapping hands, turning around). The three most common types of used therapies were: speech or language treatment 150 respondents (53.3%), pharmacotherapy 83 respondents (29.5%) and sensory integrative therapy 80 subjects (28.5%). Conclusion: Life with ASD should not be the problem only for the individual affected and his/her family, but also of the entire community. Support to people with ASD and their families implies the development of all services that can make their lives easier.

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERCEPTUAL MOTOR TRAINING ON IMPROVEMENT IN MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN INDIVIDUALS HAVING DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER

Purpose: To systematically review published research literatures to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of perceptual motor training on improvement in motor performance in individuals having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).Methods: Multiple databases were methodically searched for articles related to Developmental Coordination Disorder; only descriptive, intervention or qualitative articles were retained. Research indicates that poor motor co-ordination has far reaching implications for social and emotional wellbeing and that DCD occurs not only in children, but that motor difficulties are retained in adulthood.Results: Generalized performance deficit is observed in majority of the children with DCD. Pronounced difficulty in internal (forward) modeling, rhythmic coordination, executive function, gait and postural control, catching and interceptive action, and aspects of sensoriperceptual function were observed in most of the individuals diagnosed with DCD.Conclusions: Result suggests the perceptual motor training approach may result in positive outcomes in motor performance in individuals having DCD. Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance was observed as better alternative to contemporary coordination treatment approach. Furthermore, psychomotor therapy which includes emphasis on music and rhythm and sensory integration therapy was observed as having sustainably facilitative impacts.

Reaction to the sensory integration therapy in children with postural stability deficits.

The goal was to examine the influence of sensory integration therapy (SIT) on one leg standing in children with deficits of the postural stability. 28 children 4-6 year old that could not stand on one leg for more than 20 seconds were randomly divided into control "C" and experimental "E" groups. Group "C" participated in standard classes in the kindergarten. Group "E" participated in sensory integration therapy (SIT) for 2 weeks, 5 times a week (additionally to the standard classes). Results of the experiment show that the skill of standing on one leg has significantly improved (P<0.01) in the group that underwent additional therapy. The change in time of standing on the right leg with eyes open in the E group was statistically and significantly higher than the changes observed in the same time in group C (F=22.5, P=0.001' η2=0.44). Similarly, significant changes in time of standing on the right leg with eyes closed were observed in group E. The foregoing changes were bigger in group E than in group C (F=16. 1, P=0.004, η2=0.36). The analysis post hoc revealed that while there were no significant differences between the two groups on the pretest (P>0.05), there were significant differences between groups in right leg standing test with eyes open or closed on posttest. (P<0.05). Similar results were observed during on the one, left leg standing. The time of one leg standing with both eyes open and closed improved more significantly in group E than in group C (F=20.4, P=0.001, η2=0.42 respectively for the test with eyes open and F=7.4, P=0.010, η2=0.21 for the test with eyes closed). The analysis post hoc revealed that while there were no significant differences between the two groups on the pretest (P>0.05), there were significant differences between groups in left leg standing test with eyes open or closed on posttest (P<0.05). Research conducted show that there is a positive influence of SIT on children with low level of postural stability. Its significant improvement in children with low levels of postural stability is important not only for the current functioning of those children but for their future - by protecting them from falling down and from injuries.