Sensors For Remote Monitoring Research Articles

Benchmarking Soft Sensors for Remote Monitoring of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants.

On-site wastewater treatment plants (OSTs) are usually unattended, so failures often remain undetected and lead to prolonged periods of reduced performance. To stabilize the performance of unattended plants, soft sensors could expose faults and failures to the operator. In a previous study, we developed soft sensors and showed that soft sensors with data from unmaintained physical sensors can be as accurate as soft sensors with data from maintained ones. The monitored variables were pH and dissolved oxygen (DO), and soft sensors were used to predict nitrification performance. In the present study, we use synthetic data and monitor three plants to test these soft sensors. We find that a long solids retention time and a moderate aeration rate improve the pH soft-sensor accuracy and that the aeration regime is the main operational parameter affecting the accuracy of the DO soft sensor. We demonstrate that integrated design of monitoring and control is necessary to achieve robustness when extrapolating from one OST to another in the absence of plant-specific fine-tuning. Additionally, we provide a unique labeled dataset for further feature and data-driven soft-sensor development. Our benchmarking results indicate that it is feasible to monitor OSTs with unmaintained sensors and without plant-specific tuning of the developed soft sensors. This is expected to drastically reduce monitoring costs for OST-based sanitation systems.

Photonic methods and technologies for monitoring the ocean and atmosphere

In this paper, we review photonic methods and technologies that are promising for monitoring the ocean and atmosphere and have been implemented mainly in recent years at the Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. We present results of lidar studies that have made it possible to understand key features of ocean – atmosphere interaction processes under continent – ocean transition conditions, which determine specific features of the atmospheric aerosol distribution, small gaseous components of the atmosphere and its optical characteristics. We consider methods and tools for combined optical and laser fluorescence monitoring of the ocean surface. Particular attention is paid to results of research on remote methods and tools for real-time laser-induced and laser fluorescence environmental monitoring of the ocean, including specialised fibre-optic probes and mobile underwater robotic systems. We present results of the development and investigation of highly sensitive, noise-proof fibre-optic hydro- and seismic/acoustic sensors for remote monitoring of the ocean and robotic systems for underwater laser protection of marine vessels, hydraulic structures and oceanographic instruments against the negative impact of biofouling.

A smartphone-enabled wireless and batteryless implantable blood flow sensor for remote monitoring of prosthetic heart valve function.

Aortic valve disease is one of the leading forms of complications in the cardiovascular system. The failing native aortic valve is routinely surgically replaced with a bioprosthesis. However, insufficient durability of bioprosthetic heart valves often requires reintervention. Valve degradation can be assessed by an analysis of the blood flow characteristics downstream of the valve. This is cost and labor intensive using clinical methodologies and is performed infrequently. The integration of consumer smartphones and implantable blood flow sensors into the data acquisition chain facilitates remote management of patients that is not limited by access to clinical facilities. This article describes the characteristics of an implantable magnetic blood flow sensor which was optimized for small size and low power consumption to allow for batteryless operation. The data is wirelessly transmitted to the patient’s smartphone for in-depth processing. Tests using three different experimental setups confirmed that wireless and batteryless blood flow recording using a magnetic flow meter technique is feasible and that the sensor system is capable of monitoring the characteristic flow downstream of the valve.

Remote monitoring of chronic heart failure patients: invasive versus non-invasive tools for optimising patient management.

Exacerbations of chronic heart failure (HF) with the necessity for hospitalisation impact hospital resources significantly. Despite all of the achievements in medical management and non-pharmacological therapy that improve the outcome in HF, new strategies are needed to prevent HF-related hospitalisations by keeping stable HF patients out of the hospital and focusing resources on unstable HF patients. Remote monitoring of these patients could provide the physicians with an additional tool to intervene adequately and promptly. Results of telemonitoring to date are inconsistent, especially those of telemonitoring with traditional non-haemodynamic parameters. Recently, the CardioMEMS device (Abbott Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA), an implantable haemodynamic remote monitoring sensor, has shown promising results in preventing HF-related hospitalisations in chronic HF patients hospitalised in the previous year and in New York Heart Association functional class III in the United States. This review provides an overview of the available evidence on remote monitoring in chronic HF patients and future perspectives for the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these strategies.

Infrared sensor for remote monitoring of moisture content in raw cotton

An optoelectronic two-wave method is proposed for the remote monitoring of the moisture content in raw cotton. To develop this method, the absorption spectra of wet and dry cotton were compared and the optimal wavelengths for the measuring and reference channels were determined. An operational algorithm and a block diagram of the infrared sensor proposed for this method are provided. For the reference channel, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with an emission spectrum maximum of 2.2 μm were used, whereas LEDs with an emission spectrum maximum of 1.94 μm were used for the measuring channel.

Fiber-optic photoacoustic sensor for remote monitoring of gas micro-leakage.

We present a fiber-optic photoacoustic (PA) sensor for remote monitoring of gas micro-leakage. The gas sensing head is a miniature ferrule-top PA cavity with a cantilever beam. Gas diffuses into the cavity from the gap around the cantilever beam, and a small hole opens on the side wall. The volume of the optimized PA cavity is only 70 μL. An erbium-doped fiber amplified laser is used as a light source of acoustic excitation. The PA pressure signal is obtained by measuring the deflection of the cantilever beam with a fiber-optic white-light interferometric readout. The experimental result of leaking acetylene (C2H2) gas measurement shows a real-time response of 11.2 s. A detection limit is achieved to be 20 ppb with a 1 s lock-in integration time and a 1 km conductive fiber. Since both the excitation light and probe light are transmitted by the optical fiber, the designed sensing system has the advantages of remote detection and intrinsic safety.

Infrared sensor for remote monitoring of raw cotton moisture

Infrared sensor for remote monitoring of raw cotton moisture

Human Vital Physiological Parameters Monitoring: A Wireless Body Area Technology Based Internet of Things

Human vital physiological parameters (HVPP) monitoring with embedded sensors integration has improved the smart system technology in this era of a ubiquitous platform. Several IoT-based healthcare applications have been proposed for remote health monitoring. Most of the devices developed require one on one contact with doctors before any medical diagnosis is undertaken. Thereby, make it difficult for frequent visitation to the health center. In this paper, embedded heartbeat and temperature sensors for remote monitoring have been developed using Arduino lily as the system controller and processing unit. The Bluetooth low power enables with Android mobile apps is used for remote monitoring and communication of HVPP in a real time. This gives medical personnel and individual customers opportunity of monitoring their vital physiological parameters such as heartbeat rate and body temperature. However, it moderates sudden attack of chronic ailment like hypertension and reduces congestion of patient in the hospitals.

A Novel Intelligent Two-Way Communication System for Remote Heart Failure Medication Uptitration (the CardioCoach Study): Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.

BackgroundEuropean Society of Cardiology guidelines for the treatment of heart failure (HF) prescribe uptitration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and β-blockers to the maximum-tolerated, evidence-based dose. Although HF prognosis can drastically improve when correctly implementing these guidelines, studies have shown that they are insufficiently implemented in clinical practice.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to verify whether supplementing the usual care with the CardioCoach follow-up tool is feasible and safe, and whether the tool is more efficient in implementing the guideline recommendations for β-blocker and ACE-I.MethodsA total of 25 HF patients were randomly assigned to either the usual care control group (n=10) or CardioCoach intervention group (n=15), and observed for 6 months. The CardioCoach follow-up tool is a two-way communication platform with decision support algorithms for semiautomatic remote medication uptitration. Remote monitoring sensors automatically transmit patient’s blood pressure, heart rate, and weight on a daily basis.ResultsPatients’ satisfaction and adherence for medication intake (10,018/10,825, 92.55%) and vital sign measurements (4504/4758, 94.66%) were excellent. However, the number of technical issues that arose was large, with 831 phone contacts (median 41, IQR 32-65) in total. The semiautomatic remote uptitration was safe, as there were no adverse events and no false positive uptitration proposals. Although no significant differences were found between both groups, a higher number of patients were on guideline-recommended medication dose in both groups compared with previous reports.ConclusionsThe CardioCoach follow-up tool for remote uptitration is feasible and safe and was found to be efficient in facilitating information exchange between care providers, with high patient satisfaction and adherence.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03294811; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03294811 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLiWVsgM)

Modified Hermite Pulse-Based Wideband Communication for High-Speed Data Transfer in Wireless Sensor Applications

With technological advances in the field of communication, the need for reliable high-speed data transfer is increasing. The deployment of large number of wireless sensors for remote monitoring and control and streaming of high definition video, voice and image data, etc. are imposing a challenge to the existing network bandwidth allocation for reliable communication. Two novel schemes for ultra-wide band (UWB) communication technology have been proposed in this paper with the key objective of intensifying the data rate by taking advantage of the orthogonal properties of the modified Hermite pulse (MHP). In the first scheme, a composite pulse is transmitted and in the second scheme, a sequence of multi-order orthogonal pulses is transmitted in the place of a single UWB pulse. The MHP pulses exhibit a mutually orthogonal property between different ordered pulses and due to this property, simultaneous transmission is achieved without collision in the UWB system, resulting in an increase in transmission capacity or improved bit error rate. The proposed schemes for enhanced data rate will offer high volume data monitoring, assessment, and control of wireless devices without overburdening the network bandwidth and pave the way for new platforms for future high-speed wireless sensor applications.

Identification of activities of daily living in tremorous patients using inertial sensors

Tremor and voluntary movement of the upper limb are separated from IMUs signals.Seven daily living tasks are classified with an accuracy of 86%.Grain (precise or gross) of daily living tasks is identified with 79% accuracy.Direction (distal/ proximal) of daily living tasks is identified with 89% accuracy.Tremor kinematics can be coupled with the kind of task where it appears. BACKGROUNDMuch attention has been given to the use of inertial sensors for remote monitoring of individuals suffering from neurological pathologies. However, the focus has been mostly on the detection of symptoms like tremor or dyskinesia, not on identifying specific activities carried out by subjects. The objective of this study was to develop an automated segmentation and recognition methodology, from inertial sensor data, to identify tasks and motor patterns during activities of daily living. This will enable clinicians to contextualize the symptoms of these diseases and improve their treatment. METHODSWe designed and tested a methodology to automatically label continuous upper-limb activity from IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units). Three classification problems are considered: the task itself, the precision level required by the task with respect to movement (fine or gross) and the trajectory of the task (distal or proximal). These problems were identified by tremor experts as clinically important aspects to be monitored in tremor patients while performing daily activities. The proposed methodology reveals the relation between the functional context or activity and the patient's on-going tremor to clinicians. RESULTSOverall task identification rate was 86%. Task precision and task trajectory are classified with 79% and 89% accuracy, respectively. Aligning the semantic nature of the activity with the tremor location and intensity can also provide novel and relevant information for clinical monitoring of tremor and help clinicians and researchers as a useful tool to develop new therapies or strategies and novel anti-tremor medications to combat context dependent tremor. CONCLUSIONSThe present study describes the development of a comprehensive methodology based on machine learning techniques to segment and detect activities of daily living in people with tremor using inertial sensors, which aims at facilitating detailed interpretation of tremor movements by neurologists.

An electric sensor based on the electrogyration effect in a lead tungstate crystal

We present original results of an investigation of the specific features of optical electrochirality (electrogyration) in a lead tungstate crystal. Since this crystal exhibits neither the Pockels effect nor the inverse piezoelectric effect, the electrogyration effect can be used to create a fast-response electric sensor for remote monitoring of high-speed processes in high-voltage electric networks. A fiber-optic sensor prototype has been manufactured using optical elements intended for fiber communications.

선박 평형수 처리 시스템의 안드로이드 원격 모니터링 시스템

In this paper, I describe a system for remote monitoring of devices Android-based sensor data recorded during the operation of the ballast water treatment system. The proposed remote monitoring system is Designed and implemented when a problem occurs in the ballast water treatment system installed in the vessel, provide information if you are unable to determine the cause in the field or engineer dispatch request of external. System developed is composed of a server holding the sensor data information collected from the vessel and a mobile device that is not bound to time and place. The transmission of sensor data between mobile devices and server, and is implemented by TCP/IP to transmit information securely. System is composed of request to the server from the mobile device after the user inputs the input values, to transmit the sensor data. The device provides the information of the sensor with a high level of importance to the user. Through the remote monitoring sensor information of the ballast water treatment system, the system is made to predict the failure of the sensor.

A technology-enabled adherence enhancement system for people with bipolar disorder: results from a feasibility and patient acceptance analysis.

ObjectiveAs poor medication adherence is common in bipolar disorder (BD), technology-assisted approaches may help to monitor and enhance adherence. This study evaluated preliminary feasibility, patient satisfaction and effects on adherence, BD knowledge, and BD symptoms associated with the use of a multicomponent technology-assisted adherence enhancement system.MethodsThis prospective study tested the system in five BD patients over a 15-day period. System components included: 1) an automated pill cap with remote monitoring sensor; 2) a multimedia adherence enhancement program; and 3) a treatment incentive program. This study evaluated system usability, patient satisfaction and effects on adherence (Morisky scale), knowledge (treatment knowledge test [TKT]), and symptoms (internal state scale [ISS]).ResultsMean age of the sample was 62 years, 4/5 (80%) Caucasian, and 4/5 (80%) single/divorced or widowed. Most participants (4/5, 80%) were on a single BD medication. Participants had BD for an average of 21 years. Challenges included attaching the pill sensor to standard pharmacy bottles for individuals using very large pill containers or those with multiday pill boxes. Three of five (60%) individuals completed the full 15-day period. Usability scores were high overall. Mean Morisky scores improved. Means on all four subscales of the ISS were all in the direction of improvement. On the TKT, there was a 40% increase in mean scores.ConclusionA multicomponent technology-assisted BD adherence enhancement system is feasible. Challenges include accommodating multiple types of pill containers and monitoring multiple drugs simultaneously. The system can also generate adherence information that is potentially useful for treatment planning.

Auto detection and segmentation of physical activities during a Timed-Up-and-Go (TUG) task in healthy older adults using multiple inertial sensors.

BackgroundRecently, much attention has been given to the use of inertial sensors for remote monitoring of individuals with limited mobility. However, the focus has been mostly on the detection of symptoms, not specific activities. The objective of the present study was to develop an automated recognition and segmentation algorithm based on inertial sensor data to identify common gross motor patterns during activity of daily living.MethodA modified Time-Up-And-Go (TUG) task was used since it is comprised of four common daily living activities; Standing, Walking, Turning, and Sitting, all performed in a continuous fashion resulting in six different segments during the task. Sixteen healthy older adults performed two trials of a 5 and 10 meter TUG task. They were outfitted with 17 inertial motion sensors covering each body segment. Data from the 10 meter TUG were used to identify pertinent sensors on the trunk, head, hip, knee, and thigh that provided suitable data for detecting and segmenting activities associated with the TUG. Raw data from sensors were detrended to remove sensor drift, normalized, and band pass filtered with optimal frequencies to reveal kinematic peaks that corresponded to different activities. Segmentation was accomplished by identifying the time stamps of the first minimum or maximum to the right and the left of these peaks. Segmentation time stamps were compared to results from two examiners visually segmenting the activities of the TUG.ResultsWe were able to detect these activities in a TUG with 100% sensitivity and specificity (n = 192) during the 10 meter TUG. The rate of success was subsequently confirmed in the 5 meter TUG (n = 192) without altering the parameters of the algorithm. When applying the segmentation algorithms to the 10 meter TUG, we were able to parse 100% of the transition points (n = 224) between different segments that were as reliable and less variable than visual segmentation performed by two independent examiners.ConclusionsThe present study lays the foundation for the development of a comprehensive algorithm to detect and segment naturalistic activities using inertial sensors, in hope of evaluating automatically motor performance within the detected tasks.

Corrosion Potential Sensor for Remote Monitoring of Civil Structure Based on Printed Circuit Board Sensor

We present a printed circuit board-based wireless inductively coupled corrosion potential sensor for monitoring corrosion of steel-reinforced concrete civil infrastructure. The sensor is a passive LC coil resonator whose resonant frequency varies owing to the corrosion potential produced by two electrodes connected across a voltage-controlled capacitor. The junction capacitance of the voltage-controlled capacitor also varies according to the potential generated by the two electrodes, which is in turn responsible for changing resonant frequency of the sensor. The two electrodes are a stainless steel reference electrode and a steel reinforcement electrode. An external interrogator coil coupled with the sensor coil monitors the sensor resonant frequency shift remotely by measuring the impedance change from the source end. The sensor has a sensitivity of ~1.2 kHz/mV both before and after it is embedded in the cement-based mortar used for testing the sensor. The sensor can be used to sense the corrosion susceptibility of existing structures by embedding the corrosion electrodes in new grout within a small slot formed in an existing structure. Using this approach, weight concentrations of NaCl mixed in cement-based mortars of greater than 2%-3% were detected. Accelerated corrosion tests on embedded sensors in simulations of both new and existing structure demonstrated corrosion potential resolution of less than 10 mV and an uncertainty of less than 50 mV. The sensor is simple in design, inexpensive, and passive making it a battery-less option for long-term corrosion monitoring, and widely deployable for civil structure.

Design of Remote Monitoring and Control System with Automatic Irrigation System using GSM-Bluetooth

past few years, automatic irrigation system has seen a rapid growth in terms of technology. At present cost-saving technology, labor-saving are the addressing key issues in irrigation. This paper gives a review of these systems based on existing technologies and also proposes an economical and generic automatic irrigation system based on wireless sensors with GSM-Bluetooth for irrigation system controller and remote monitoring system. This system has simpler features designed with the objective of low cost and effective with less power consumption using sensors for remote monitoring and controlling devices which are controlled via SMS using a GSM module. A Bluetooth module is also interfaced with the main microcontroller chip. This Bluetooth module eliminates the usage charges by communicating with the appliances via Bluetooth when the application is in a limited range of few meters. The system informs user about any abnormal conditions like less moisture content and temperature rise, even concentration of CO2 via SMS from the GSM module or by Bluetooth module to the farmer's mobile and actions are taken accordingly by the farmer. In future, the farmer will be able to monitor and control the parameter by GSM and Bluetooth technologies. KeywordBluetooth, remote monitoring, Sensors, Microcontroller, Agriculture

Research on Wireless Remote Monitoring System of the Durability for Large Concrete Structures

A wireless remote monitoring sensor network for durability of large concrete structures is designed and studied in the case that traditional parameters monitoring and durability evaluation methods are willing to promote to meet modern requirements. As traditional monitoring methods of concrete structure focus on the structural parameters while missed the research on durability of the structures, a Internet of Things (IOT) system of durability monitoring is designed to optimize and develop. By deploy sensor nodes for durability monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless network and GPRS remote data transmission, the durability sensor data collected can be send to the monitoring and evaluation computer information system based on data fusion to finish intelligent analysis, evaluation and early warning. In this way, the system conquered the problems that high maintenance cost, early deterioration of structural performance and shorten useful life, contributed to the structural safety of large-scale concrete works and take action to maintain normal operations in time. This meets the requirements of China's economic sustainable development, so it has important social significance and economic values.

Optical fibre sensors for remote monitoring of tunnel displacements – Prototype tests in the laboratory

This paper discusses three experimental arrangements designed to explore the challenges of installing the monitoring system and interpreting the results. The first experiment uses an I-section beam to simulate a longitudinal arrangement of the sensors in the tunnel. The second experiment involves a purpose built rig to simulate the movements of one complete ring of tunnel segments at a scale of approximately 1:5. The third experiment concentrates on a bench test, which has been designed to calibrate the new system and determine its accuracy and resolution. Results from all of these experiments are encouraging with the bench test showing that the Smart Rod is sensitive enough to measure small rotations and translations. Furthermore, methods of interpreting the strain measurements and hence determining the displacement of the structure are presented. (A) This paper was presented at Safety in the underground space - Proceedings of the ITA-AITES 2006 World Tunnel Congress and the 32nd ITA General Assembly, Seoul, Korea, 22-27 April 2006. For the covering abstract see ITRD E129148. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.

Hybrid fiber optic voltage sensor for remote monitoring of electrical submersible pump motors

We report on the design and experimental evaluation of the hybrid fiber Bragg grating (FBG) piezoelectric voltage sensor developed specifically for remote monitoring of electrical submersible pump (ESP) motors. Unlike a previously reported transducer based on a single piezoelectric element, the voltage rating of the presented device could be as low as 500 V due to the use of a multilayer piezoelectric stack as the primary voltage-to-strain transducer. This enables the use of such sensors across a wider range of ESP applications, which often have subkilovolt voltage ratings. In addition to the design details, we present details of the full characterization of the device, including the hysteresis and temperature-dependence characteristics and discuss ways of eliminating or reducing these effects. We also demonstrate that the sensor can be used to simultaneously measure voltage and temperature.