Sensor System For Detection Research Articles

A smart ontology-based IoT framework for remote patient monitoring

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the most promising technology in health technology systems. IoT-based systems ensure continuous monitoring in indoor and outdoor settings. Remote monitoring has revolutionized healthcare by connecting remote and hard-to-reach regions. Specifically, during this COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to have a remote monitoring system to assess patients remotely and curb its spread prematurely. This paper proposes a framework that provides the updated information of the Corona Patients in the vicinity and thus provides identifiable data for remote monitoring of locality cohorts. The proposed model is IoT-based remote access and an alarm-enabled bio wearable sensor system for early detection of COVID-19 based on ontology method using sensory 1D Biomedical Signals such as ECG, PPG, temperature, and accelerometer. The proposed ontology-based remote monitoring system analyzes the challenges of encompassing security and privacy issues. The proposed model is also simulated using cooza simulator. During the simulation, it is observed that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 96.33 %, which establishes the efficacy of the proposed model. The effectiveness of the proposed model is also strengthened by efficient power consumption.

The Au/ZnSe/ZnO heterojunction improves the electron transfer behavior to enhance the detection performance of ascorbic acid

The Au/ZnSe/ZnO heterojunction material with less transition zone on the two-phase interface was successfully prepared by the in-situ replacement of zinc oxide by Se2-. Moreover, the heterojunction formed by in-situ substitution can effectively reduce the interface transfer resistance and increase the life of carriers. The photocurrent of Au/ZnSe/ZnO is almost twice that of Au/ZnO, due to the formation of heterojunction ZnSe interface. As a result, the carrier lifetime of the material is increased by nearly 2.7 times (126.26 s/46.83 s) compared to Au/ZnO. Ascorbic acid is a very important compound for human metabolism, but there is no simple and rapid method to detect ascorbic acid. Au/ZnSe/ZnO is used as the photoanode of the photoelectric non-enzymatic sensor system for AA detection. The sensitivity of Au/ZnSe/ZnO/FTO-based PEC AA sensor is 113.75 μA mM−1 cm−2, exhibiting its advantages of fast, sensitive and high response.

Design of the AGV Trolley for Transporting the Drip Irrigation Belt Roll

Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV) is a kind of driverless transport vehicle which can carry, store, and load and unload goods. It can follow the preset path, complete the task, and has the functions of obstacle avoidance and safety protection, which is widely used in automatic production system. This paper introduces the design and development of AGV trolley to realize the automatic production transformation of drip irrigation belt production line for agricultural irrigation. According to the design requirements of the drip irrigation belt rolling AGV trolley for the transformation of the production line, based on the previous design experience and technology of the automatic guided trolley, from the actual needs of engineering application, combined with the path guidance technology, embedded control system, sensor detection technology, module control and system control management technology, a tape guided AGV trolley with lifting module is designed, which realizes the functions of rolling, transporting and storing of drip irrigation belt, and the production efficiency of drip irrigation belt is improved.

Parts-per-billion detection of carbon monoxide: A comparison between quartz-enhanced photoacoustic and photothermal spectroscopy

We report on a comparison between two optical detection techniques, one based on a Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) detection module, where a quartz tuning fork is acoustically coupled with a pair of millimeter-sized resonator tubes; and the other one based on a Photothermal Spectroscopy (PTS) module where a Fabry-Perot interferometer acts as transducer to probe refractive index variations. When resonant optical absorption of modulated light occurs in a gas sample, QEPAS directly detects acoustic waves while PTS probes refractive index variations caused by local heating. Compact QEPAS and PTS detection modules were realized and integrated in a gas sensor system for detection of carbon monoxide (CO), targeting the fundamental band at 4.6 μm by using a distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser. Performance was compared and ultimate detection limits up to ∼ 6 part-per-billion (ppb) and ∼15 ppb were reached for QEPAS and the PTS module, respectively, using 100 s integration time and 40 mW of laser power.

Design and optimization of photoacoustic CO gas sensor for fault diagnosis of SF<sub>6</sub> gas insulated equipment

Trace gas analysis for SF<sub>6</sub> decomposition is a powerful diagnostic method to identify partial discharge problem occurring in electrical equipment. In particular, it is recognized that the SF<sub>6</sub> decomposition gases (such as CO, H<sub>2</sub>S, SO<sub>2</sub> and CF<sub>4</sub>) can effectively determine the inner insulation condition of the electrical equipment. Currently, most of researches of diagnostic methods cannot meet the online high-precision detection of gas derivatives in SF<sub>6</sub> electrical insulation equipment. Therefore, there is a need of developing a sensitive, selective and cost-effective sensor system for CO detection in an SF<sub>6</sub> buffer gas environment due to the fact that the power system is filled with pure SF<sub>6</sub> as the dielectric gas, which means that the concentration of SF<sub>6</sub> is usually > 99.8%. The traditional photoacoustic CO gas sensors cannot be directly used in power system, since several SF<sub>6</sub> physical constants strongly differ from those of N<sub>2</sub> or air. In addition, SF<sub>6</sub> molecule reveals uninterrupted and strong absorption lines in the mid-infrared spectral region. In this work, a CO gas sensor working in high concentration SF<sub>6</sub> background gas is designed by using a distributed feedback (DFB) laser as an excitation source with a center wavelength of 2.3 μm. The absorption line strength of 2.3 μm is ~ two orders of magnitude higher than the absorption line strength around 1.56 μm, which can improve the sensor detection performance. A background-gas-induced high-<i>Q</i> differential photoacoustic cell is simulated numerically and tested experimentally. The quality factor of the designed photoacoustic cell in pure SF<sub>6</sub> gas is 85, which is ~ 4 times higher than that in N<sub>2</sub> carrier gas. The experimental results show that the maximum gas flow rate of the differential structure photoacoustic cell is ~ 6 times higher than that of the single resonant cavity photoacoustic cell. After optimizing the resonance frequency, gas velocity and working pressure of the sensor system, the detection sensitivity of the volume fraction of 1.85 × 10<sup>–6</sup> is achieved. In the case of the volume fraction of 50 × 10<sup>–6</sup> CO/SF<sub>6</sub> gas mixture, the maximum photoacoustic signal amplitude of 19.6 μV is obtained, the corresponding normalized noise equivalent concentration (1σ) is 3.68 × 10<sup>–8</sup> cm<sup>–1</sup>·W·Hz<sup>1/2</sup> in 1 s integration time. A linear fitting is implemented to evaluate the response of the sensor from 50 × 10<sup>–6</sup> to 1000 × 10<sup>–6</sup>, resulting in an <i>R</i> square value of 0.9997. The CO photoacoustic gas sensor has high sensitivity, good selectivity and strong noise immunity, which can provide an on-line detection technology for potential insulation fault diagnosis in the power system. The capability of CO gas sensor can be improved by using a higher excitation optical output power and/or reducing the PAC resonator volume to increase the cell constant.

Development and Evaluation of an Optical Sensing System for Detection of Herbicide Spray Droplets

Real time monitoring of herbicide spray droplet drift is important for crop production management and environmental protection. Existing spray droplet drift detection methods, such as water-sensitive paper and tracers of fluorescence and Rubidium chloride, are time-consuming and laborious, and the accuracies are not high in general. Also, the tracer methods indirectly quantify the spray deposition from the concentration of the tracer and may change the drift characteristics of the sprayed herbicides. In this study, a new optical sensor system was developed to directly detect the spray droplets without the need to add any tracer in the spray liquid. The system was prototyped using a single broadband programmable LED light source and a near infrared sensor containing 6 broadband spectral detectors at 610, 680, 730, 760, 810, and 860 nm to build a detection system for monitoring and analysis of herbicide spray droplet drift. A rotatory structure driven by a stepper motor in the system was created to shift the droplet capture line going under the optical sensor to measure and collect the spectral signals that reflect spray drift droplets along the line. The system prototype was tested for detection of small (Very Fine and Fine), medium (Medium), and large (Coarse) droplets within the droplet classifications of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Laboratory testing results indicated that the system could detect the droplets of different sizes and determine the droplet positions on the droplet capture line with 100% accuracy at the wavelength of 610 nm selected from the 6 bands to detect the droplets.

Research on obstacle avoidance algorithm for unmanned ground vehicle based on multi-sensor information fusion.

With the wide application of unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in a complex environment, the research on the obstacle avoidance system has gradually become an important research part in the field of the UGV system. Aiming at the complex working environment, a sensor detection system mounted on UGV is designed and the kinematic estimation model of UGV is studied. In order to meet the obstacle avoidance requirements of UGVs in a complex environment, a fuzzy neural network obstacle avoidance algorithm based on multi-sensor information fusion is designed in this paper. MATLAB is used to simulate the obstacle avoidance algorithm. By comparing and analyzing the simulation path of UGV's obstacle avoidance motion under the navigation control of fuzzy controller and fuzzy neural network algorithm, the superiority of the proposed fuzzy neural network algorithm was verified. Finally, the superiority and reliability of the obstacle avoidance algorithm are verified through the obstacle avoidance experiment on the UGV experimental platform.

Reducing Costs of Preventive Lightning Systems by Locational Optimization

The installation of lightning detection sensor systems involves a large volume of resources. However, the absence of these systems can lead to irreparable damage, such as the death of a person. How to reduce the costs of implementing these systems to protect workers and citizens or even public and private equipment? Usually, this problem is not solved on a formal level, but based on the intuition of the involved specialists, without applying optimization techniques. Taking this into account, this research explores the theoretical structure of locational optimization methods to propose a simplified heuristic method that does not require any programming skills for its application. Specifically, its use directly demonstrated by reducing costs of preventive lightning systems in an area containing 41 mines. All mines must be covered by the sensor system which has a coverage radius of 10 km. The experimental results demonstrate that the application of this method generates more effective results than those obtained using known methods of locational optimization. The method proposed in this research contributes directly to reduce costs of preventive lightning systems and indirectly to protect workers in mining areas as well as to protect populations in urban areas where the frequency and incidence of lightning is especially high.

Prototipe smart home berbasis mikrokontroler arduino dan smart phone

In this study, a home electrical control system and electronic components were designed using an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller equipped with a motion sensor and connected to a Bluetooth module and a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) SIM (Subscriber Identification Module) module. In addition, the Smart Home prototype will also be equipped with earthquake detection sensors, fire sensors and sensors as soon as possible to deal with early earthquakes and fire detection. The purpose of research is to see the performance of the smart home system. The research method used is a research method with methods and making and testing Smart home prototypes. Testing is done by running the system to see the performance of the system being made. From the research results it can be ignored that the electrical control system and electronic components made using the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller and the Bluetooth module and the GSM SIM module can work properly, the electrical system and electronic components can be turned on and off using a GSM SIM and Bluetooth module. The security system uses motion sensors and a GSM SIM module to work properly, the system can send SMS (Short Message Service) notifications to homeowners if human movement. The earthquake and fire detection sensor system in the smart home prototype can work properly, the system can turn on notification alarms when an earthquake and wait for fire and as soon as possible. Keywords: Mikrokontroler arduino, Smart phone, Smart home.

Universal Sensor for Use in Dangerous Road Tunnel

This article deals with the problems of detection of dangerous substances in the road tunnel during an accident and proposes-design and construction of a mobile sensor system for online detection. Gases are measured by specific detectors of the MQ series. The D1 mini Pro development board with WiFi chip integration was chosen as the control unit. The universal sensor was designed especially for firefighters intervening during an accident in road tunnels. The measured data are sent and saved into the external database, from which they are then presented on the website. The website is then viewed on-line firefighters who intervene in the tunnel during an accident.

Bacteria-based electro-optical platform for ampicillin detection in aquatic solutions

We have shown for the first time that it is possible to use a bacteria-based sensory system consisting of the bacterium Pseudomonas putida TSh-18 and an electro-optical sensor to detect ampicillin in the concentration range 0.5–600 μg/mL. Changes in the anisotropy of cell polarizability were detected at 900 and 2100 kHz; these represented the state of the cytoplasm and of the cell membrane, respectively. The changes indicate the quickest cell response to changes in the characteristics of the bacterial culture exposed to ampicillin. We have also shown that it is possible to monitor the ampicillin in the presence of kanamycin. In control experiments, we examined the effects of ampicillin and kanamycin on bacterial cells by phase-contrast microscopy and by standard microbiological tests on solid media. P. putida TSh-18 is recommended as a sensor system for ampicillin detection. Electro-optical analysis ensures detection of ampicillin in aquatic solutions in real-time, takes 10 min, and offers a lower limit of ampicillin detection of 0.5 μg/mL, which is lower than the European Community's maximum residue limit standards for penicillin antibiotics.

Distance monitoring applications, angle and speed between nozzle and work piece: Ultrasonic detection sensor system of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

The use of human resources in Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) can cause defects, such as lack of penetration and uneven moldings due to the long distance between the blowpipe nozzle to the workpiece. The purpose of this study is to develop the distance monitoring applications, angle, and speed between nozzle and workpiece for GMAW by using an ultrasonic detection sensor system. The distance monitoring tool between the nozzle and workpiece for GMAW was developed based on the ADDIE model. Respondent included two experts of wiring and electronics, three experts of software and quality, and two experts in the mechanical field, selected by using purposive sampling methods. Monitoring tool developed using Arduino Uno programming technology. Besides, high-quality electronic components such as Ultrasonic HCSR04 and MPU6050 Gyroscopes are used. Based on the analysis, the whole application of distance monitoring, angle, and speed between the nozzle and workpiece for the GMAW can work well and suitable for GMAW with excellent ergonomic features that are easy to maintain and used. The study results will provide benefits in the welding industry as it can reduce defects in GMAW, and thus saving the cost of welding errors.

Energy Saving of a University Building Using a Motion Detection Sensor and Room Management System

To save electricity consumption in university buildings, we measured and compared the amount of electricity use with and without motion detection sensors and room management systems in underground parking lots, lecture rooms, and dormitories of a university building. The underground parking lots and lecture rooms were measured as sensors were applied and then removed during the semester. University classes are held weekly, so it can be assumed that the number of cars and people’s entering and using conditions are the same. In the university’s underground parking lots, a daily electricity savings of 39.5 Wh/(m2 day) of lights was achieved, with a savings rate of 77.6%. In the lecture rooms, these values were 25.0 Wh/(m2 day) and 32.4%, respectively. Savings in the use of air conditioning were 55.0 Wh/(m2 day), with a savings rate of 27.9%. Dormitories use electrical energy for lighting, heating, and socket outlets. As a reference group, 120 rooms were selected and the room management system was applied to 10 samples. For dormitories, daily electricity savings of 142.4 Wh/(m2 day) were achieved, with a savings rate of 28.2%. Thus, this study demonstrated that applying motion detection sensors and room management systems saved significant electrical energy in university underground parking lots, lecture rooms, and dormitories.

Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Simulation of Crop Canopy Temperature and Humidity in Double-Film Solar Greenhouse

The microenvironment of the crop area in a greenhouse is the main factor that affects its growth, quality, and pest control. In this study, we propose a double-layer film solar greenhouse microenvironment testing system based on computational fluid dynamics simulations of a celery canopy with a porous medium. A real greenhouse was examined with a sensor system for soil, air, radiation, and carbon dioxide detection to verify the simulation results. By monitoring the internal environment of celery canopies with heights of 0.8 and 1 m during a period of temperature fluctuations, we found the temperature and humidity of the canopy interior changed spatially and differed greatly from the those in the greenhouse under solar radiation conditions. The temperature and humidity of the celery canopy were 4–14°C lower and 10%–30% higher than those of the surroundings. As the canopy grew, the differences in temperature and humidity between the canopy and other parts of the greenhouse increased. The root mean square errors of the temperature and humidity with the 0.8 m high celery canopy were found to be 0.56 and 2.86 during the day and 0.24 and 0.81 at night, respectively; the corresponding values for the 1 m high celery canopy were found to be 0.51 and 2.26 during the day and 0.26 and 0.78 at night. The porous medium model expressed the temperature and humidity characteristics of the celery crop appropriately, and the simulation method was shown to be effective and feasible. With the simulation method proposed in this study, the production of crops in complex microenvironments in greenhouses can be modeled and digitized.

Measurement of polarization-sensitive characteristic of scientific CCD detector

Polarization measurement accuracy is an important indicator of the polarization remote sensing detection system. In order to effectively analyze the factors that affect the polarization measurement accuracy, it is necessary to analyze the polarization sensitive characteristics of the scientific CCD detector. Taking the 1k*1k area array CCD detector of DALSA Company as the research object, the experimental method of polarization sensitivity detection of scientific grade CCD detector is systematically introduced. The integrating sphere is used as a non-polarized light source, and a polarizer is installed at the light exit port, which defines the degree of polarization sensitivity. Acquired the data through three different methods which are rotated the polarizer at the same time fixed the CCD, the CCD and polarizer coaxial rotated and fixed polarizer while rotated CCD respectively, analyze the obtained data separately. The experiment results show that the polarization sensitive degree of the CCD detector is 0.58, and the polarization sensitivity suppression measures with the addition of the depolarizer assembly are considered. The results show that this method obviously suppresses the polarization sensitivity of the CCD, and its polarization sensitivity is 0.034. The research results have important guiding significance for the development of high-precision polarization detection system and polarization calibration research.

The reliability of a restraint sensor system for the computer-supported detection of spinal stabilizing muscle deficiencies

BackgroundThe presence of muscular deficiency seems to be a major cause of back pain that requires counteractions. Considering that the autochthonous back muscles, responsible for straightening and stabilizing the spine, cannot be activated voluntarily, they can be strengthened only through specific training. The computer-supported test and training system (CTT) Centaur (BfMC GmbH, Leipzig, SN, Germany) seems well suited for this purpose. To show its potential as a reliable diagnostic and training tool, this study aimed to evaluate the test-retest reliability of this 3D spatial rotation device.MethodsA prospective pilot study was conducted in 20 healthy volunteers of both sexes. For test-retest reliability analysis, three measurements were performed with a two-day interval between each measurement. Each measurement consisted of a one-minute endurance test performed in eight different positions (transverse plane). During the test, the subject was tilted by 90° in the sagittal plane from a neutral, upright position. Meanwhile, the subject’s level of upper body stabilization along the body axis was assessed. All trunk movements (momentum values) were quantified by a multicomponent force sensor and standardized relative to the subject’s upper body mass. The range of motion was assessed by 95% confidence ellipse analysis. Here, all position-specific confidence ellipses for each measurement were merged to a summarized quantity. Finally, ICC analysis using a single-rating, absolute agreement, two-way mixed-effects model and a Bland-Altman plot was performed to determine the reliability.ResultsConsidering all measurements (t1, t2, t3), the ICC for reliability evaluation was 0.805, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was [0.643, 0.910]. Moreover, the Bland-Altman plots for all three pairs of time points did not show significant differences.ConclusionThis study concludes that the CTT Centaur shows good test-retest reliability, indicating it can be used in clinical practice in the future.

A multi-sensors pure azimuth data fusion method

Passive detection sensors have the advantages of good concealment, strong viability, strong resistance to electronic interference, wide coverage of airspace, and stronger detection capabilities for low-altitude targets than active detection sensors, and farther detection distances. It has caused more and more research and application attention in various fields. However, passive detection sensors mainly obtain azimuth information, no stable distance information, and stable tracking of only azimuth targets has many uncertainties. In recent years, how to integrate effective and stable passive detection data has become the focus of scholars research and the difficulty of urgent breakthrough. This article proposes a method of fusion of pure azimuth data for systems with multi-source detection sensors, through the filtering of “modified extreme coordinates ”based on the measurement results of each sensor, “based on the Lagrange daily linear interpolation method” time allocation, “m/n logic-based” track association and fusion, obtain more accuracy and track more stable direction measurement results, and improve the comprehensive capabilities of the multi-source detection sensor system.

Potential of Ambient Sensor Systems for Early Detection of Health Problems in Older Adults.

Background: Home monitoring sensor systems are increasingly used to monitor seniors in their apartments for detection of emergency situations. The aim of this study was to deliver a proof-of-concept for the use of multimodal sensor systems with pervasive computing technology for the detection of clinically relevant health problems over longer time periods.Methods: Data were collected with a longitudinal home monitoring study in Switzerland (StrongAge Cohort Study) in a cohort of 24 old and oldest-old, community-dwelling adults over a period of 1 to 2 years. Physical activity in the apartment, toilet visits, refrigerator use, and entrance door openings were quantified using a commercially available passive infrared motion sensing system (Domosafety S.A., Switzerland). Heart rate, respiration rate, and sleep quality were recorded with the commercially available EMFIT QS bed sensor device (Emfit Ltd., Finland). Vital signs and contextual data were collected using a wearable sensor on the upper arm (Everion, Biovotion, Switzerland). Sensor data were correlated with health-related data collected from the weekly visits of the seniors by health professionals, including information about physical, psychological, cognitive, and behavior status, health problems, diseases, medication, and medical diagnoses.Results: Twenty of the 24 recruited participants (age 88.9 ± 7.5 years, 79% females) completed the study; two participants had to stop their study participation because of severe health deterioration, whereas two participants died during the course of the study. A history of chronic disease was present in 12/24 seniors, including heart failure, heart rhythm disturbances, pulmonary embolism, severe insulin-dependent diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. In total, 242,232 person-hours were recorded. During the monitoring period, 963 health status records were reported and repeated clinical assessments of aging-relevant indicators and outcomes were performed. Several episodes of health deterioration, including heart failure worsening and heart rhythm disturbances, could be captured by sensor signals from different sources.Conclusions: Our results indicate that monitoring of seniors with a multimodal sensor and pervasive computing system over longer time periods is feasible and well-accepted, with a great potential for detection of health deterioration. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the full range of the clinical potential of these findings.

A distributed optical fiber sensor system for intrusion detection and location based on the phase-sensitive OTDR with remote pump EDFA

In this paper, a distributed optical fiber senor system for multi-intrusion monitoring has been proposed along a 25 km distance based on phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Δt=100 ns) and a remote optically pump amplifier (ROPA). The ROPA is based on Raman pump relay free amplification and remote connected in erbium-doped fiber (EDF). It makes the detection distance increase 108 %, from 12km to 25km. The best amplification effect is achieved when the EDF is connected in the middle area. In the experiments, several vibrations of the fiber at different locations given by piezoelectric transducers (PZTs) simulate the vibrations caused by intrusions. Three remote intrusions have been detected and located simultaneously along a 25km optical fiber with a spatial resolution of 10m. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and detection distance, the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) with high extinction ratio and narrow pulse width has been used to modulate light into pulses. The SNR of 9.5dB has realized for intrusion detection at remote tail end of 25km distance. The experimental results can be the references for improving the remote intrusion detection and location technology of Φ−OTDR sensor system.

Fiber Optic Particle Plasmon Resonance-Based Immunoassay Using a Novel Multi-Microchannel Biochip.

A novel multi-microchannel biochip fiber-optic particle plasmon resonance (FOPPR) sensor system for the simultaneous detection of multiple samples. The system integrates a novel photoelectric system, a lock-in module, and an all-in-one platform incorporating optical design and mechanical design together to improve system stability and the sensitivity of the FOPPR sensor. The multi-microchannel FOPPR biochip has been developed by constructing a multi-microchannel flow-cell composed of plastic material to monitor and analyze five samples simultaneously. The sensor system requires only 30 μL of sample for detection in each microchannel. Moreover, the total size of the multi-microchannel FOPPR sensor chip is merely 40 mm × 30 mm × 4 mm; thus, it is very compact and cost-effective. The analysis was based on calibration curves obtained from real-time sensor response data after injection of sucrose solution, streptavidin and anti-dinitrophenyl (anti-DNP) antibody of known concentrations over the chips. The results show that the multi-microchannel FOPPR sensor system not only has good reproducibility (coefficient of variation (CV) < 10%), but also excellent refractive index resolution (6.23 ± 0.10 × 10−6 refractive index unit (RIU)). The detection limits are 2.92 ± 0.28 × 10−8 g/mL (0.53 ± 0.01 nM) and 7.48 ± 0.40 × 10−8 g/mL (0.34 ± 0.002 nM) for streptavidin and anti-DNP antibody, respectively.