Sensor Network Management Research Articles

A Movement-Efficient Deployment Scheme Based on Information Coverage for Mobile Sensor Networks

Covering the surveillance region is a key task for wireless sensor networks. For mobile sensors, the deployment of sensors at appropriate locations is the key issue for sufficient coverage of surveillance area, and efficient resource management of sensor network. Previous studies most utilize physical coverage model for developing deployment schemes, in that the sensor resources may be wasted during the deployment for coverage. In this paper, a novel movement-efficient deployment scheme for mobile sensor networks is proposed, which adapts the information coverage model and the classical potential field method. The performances of the proposed scheme are evaluated comparing to two other schemes in aspects of coverage rate, coverage hole rate, ideal moving distance, and actual moving distance through extensive simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs better than these related schemes in both coverage and movement efficiency.

A Distributed Agent-based Approach to Manage Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks can be used to monitor many different applications, including factory automation. High-variety manufacturing is becoming the new norm, and requires systems capable of rapidly reconfiguring without downtime. Homogeneous wireless sensor networks may provide a system capable of minimal setup and change-over effort due to their hardware indifferences, but are constrained by limited node lifetime. In this research a distributed, a multi-agent cluster management system that attempts to regulate node death, encouraging maintenance approaches to reclaim and replace nodes is proposed. This system allows the network to continuously operate, and eliminates any downtime due to wireless node power loss. In this paper, an overview of a wireless sensor network management approach, the simulator platform developed using Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) that will be used to test this design, as well as preliminary experimental results using this simulator are proposed. The experimental results focus on the problem of tracking mobile nodes in an industrial wireless sensor network where wireless nodes are subject to battery depletion. The results of preliminary experiments with a heterogeneous network (i.e., a network with pre-defined cluster heads) show that a distributed, multi-agent systems approach is capable of adapting to disturbances resulting from node loss.

Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm to Construction Detection and Node Management System in Wireless Sensor Network

Particle swarm optimization objective is spatial neighborhood directly in the search space according to the distance between particles. This paper analyses method of detection and node management in wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes are randomly placed in the particle swarm optimization method, data acquisition, processing and transmission of the work. The paper presents using particle swarm optimization algorithm to construction detection and node management system in wireless sensor network. Simulation experiments show the validity of this method.

A Novel Key Management of Wireless Sensor Network in Smart Substation

Smart substations are deployed various types of sensors to monitor and control some devices and environment, and transmit the related parameters or data to the intelligent decision system. However, due to the limitation of resource, sensors tend to be captured or controlled by adversaries. In this paper, we present a dual-level key management based history keys, which can authenticate member sensors and their keys. Furthermore, we also adopt a cluster architecture, which cannot only localize the attack range but also reduce the energy consumption effectively. The security analysis shows our solution can verify the malicious node and authenticate key to protect the sense system in the smart substation.

A self-adaptive trust management scheme for wireless sensor networks

Trust management is fundamental to identify malicious, selfish, and compromised nodes which have been authenticated. Many trust management mechanisms are proposed to provide effective security solution for wire and wireless networks, even some of them have become one of the most known in this field. But in fact, trust management in wireless sensor networks still remains a challenging field. Traditional trust models developed for wireless sensor networks are not well suited for sensor networks because the trust evaluation process isn’t related to certain application. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive trust management scheme, which can adaptively adjust the trust evaluation process to cope with application requirement changes of trust management. The simulation results show that our scheme has less rate of inauthentic downloads of nodes, energy consumption and message overheads as compared to the current state-of-the-art trust management schemes, and it is more suitable for large-scale sensor networks.

TALK: Topology Aware LKH Key Management

Cryptographic key management for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) is a particularly challenging task, as they mostly consist of high counts of resource constrained nodes, especially when group communication and dynamic network membership capabilities are required. The logical key hierarchy (LKH) is a well-known class of protocols which aims to solve the key management problem and minimize rekeying overhead, using hierarchical structures and taking advantage of multicast communication. In this work we propose a method for obtaining LKH structures by taking into account the topology of the underlying network, leading to a further decrease in rekeying costs, in terms of packet transmissions.

ADCROSS: Adaptive Data Collection from Road Surveilling Sensors

Wireless sensor networks have grown significant attentions among researchers for providing a flexible and low-cost framework to design an architecture for Intelligent Transport Systems. The inherent challenges in distribution and management of sensor networks along the road require an application-specific protocol support for the network connectivity, the sensing coverage, the reliable data forwarding, and the network lifetime improvement. This paper introduces the concept of k-strip length coverage along the road, which ensures a better sensing coverage for the detection of moving vehicles compared with the conventional barrier coverage and full area coverage, in terms of the availability of sufficient information for statistical processing and the number of sensors required to be active. To extend the network lifetime, every sensor follows a sleep–wakeup schedule maintaining the network connectivity and the k-strip length coverage. This scheduling problem is modeled as a graph optimization, the NP-hardness of which motivates to design a centralized heuristic, providing an approximate solution. As a sensor network is inherently distributed in nature, properties of the centralized heuristic are explored to design a per-node solution based on local information. Performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed through simulation results.

Research and Realization of Wireless Sensor Networks Database

As the core application of wireless sensor network technology, Data management and processing have become the research hotspot in the new database. This article studied mainly data management in wireless sensor networks, in connection with the characteristics of the data in wireless sensor networks, discussed wireless sensor network data query, integrating technology in-depth, proposed a mobile database structure based on wireless sensor network and carried out overall design and implementation for the data management system. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i10.5469

Certificateless Hybrid Signcryption Scheme for Secure Communication of Wireless Sensor Networks

Signcryption is a cryptographic primitive that fulfills both the functions of digital signature and public key encryption simultaneously, at a cost significantly lower than that required by the traditional signature-then-encryption approach. In this paper, we propose a hybrid signcryption scheme in the certificateless setting, its security and performance were analyzed. As a result, its provable security has been verified to achieve the confidentiality and unforgeability. Comparative analysis shows that the new scheme has lower computation cost and communication overhead. Generally speaking, it is very suitable for secure communication protocols of key management and secure routing in the wireless sensor networks.

Realization of Interrupts and Time Management of a Sensor Network Operating System

μOS, the operating system of microkernel wireless sensor network, is a real-time multi-tasking operating system; and its main function modules include task management, time management, interrupt management, energy conservation mechanism and communication protocol. Thereinto, its time management and interrupt management is the basis of other functional modules. The author designs and realizes clock management and interrupt management for microkernel wireless sensor network operating system μOS. It is shown from system performance tests such the time management and interrupt management are capable of satisfying real-time requirements in the system.

PathZip: A lightweight scheme for tracing packet path in wireless sensor networks

In order to provide reliable date delivery and system management for large scale wireless sensor networks (WSNs), tracing the route path of packets in a lightweight manner is crucial and critical. Real-time path tracing technology enables us to observe every data transmission and analyze network dynamics in a fine-grained fashion. Due to resource constraints of WSNs, however, it is difficult, if not impossible, to integrate into each packet with its full path information. We attempt to capture such information with inserting a small and constant overhead into each packet. This design, PathZip, let each sensor node performs lightweight hash-based computations to passively label every packet forwarded. Meanwhile, the sink extracts the label information so as to leverage the pre-knowledge on the network to compute the full packet path. Both topology-aware and geometry-assistant techniques are utilized by PathZip in order to exploit different network knowledge and reduce the computation and storage overhead greatly. We conduct theoretical analysis and extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of our design. The results show that our method is effective to trace the full route path in large-scale WSNs, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

Comprehensive Colliery Safety Monitoring System Design Based on Wireless Sensor Network

This paper briefly summarized the logical structure of the model’s attribute characteristics in the wireless sensor network management system of coal enterprise. Due to all kinds of mapping relations between different datum, while extracting some device status information, we can detect it by the method of hierarchical search, and according to the determined geographical location, then obtain the attribute and graphic information, finally get all the relative information of the device, so that the information management system is fast and convenient to be used.

Design of Intelligent Agricultural Management System Based on Internet of Things Technology

In this paper, the authors introduce a design of intelligent agricultural management system. The system adopted the advanced Internet of things technology and geographic information system. It can make the farmland relevant data from the sensor system in real-time processing, and realized centralizing control management. Also, this paper proposes an agricultural management system routing protocol to improve the efficiency of sensor network management ability. According to the actual test, the system can dynamically adjust related environment parameters to the best of crop growth situation, and greatly improves the quality of the crops’ growth.

Optimum design of a banked memory with power management for wireless sensor networks

The ever-increasing complexity of applications covered by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demands for increasing memory size, which in turn increases the power drain. It is well known that SRAM power consumption can be reduced by employing a banked structure, where unused banks are switched into the low leakage retention mode. Although several power management strategies and algorithms for allocating the memory contents to the banks have been proposed, the energy savings limits of these techniques were not completely explored. In this work, we propose a new strategy for memory banking, taking advantage of the software properties intrinsic to WSN, and achieve aggressive power savings. We present a detailed model of the energy saving for uniform banks with two power management schemes: a best-oracle policy and a simple greedy policy. The model gives valuable insight into key factors (coming from the application, the technology, and design decisions) that are critical for reaching the maximum achievable energy saving. Using our model the optimum number of banks can be estimated at design time to reach more aggressive energy savings. The memory content allocation and the power management problem were solved by an integer linear program formulation for two real wireless sensor network applications (based on TinyOS and ContikiOS). Experimental results show memory energy reduction up to 78.3 % for a partition overhead of 1 %, representing an overall energy saving close to 19 % in data collection WSN applications, including the communication energy and sleep power. The saving would increase to 34 % in more intensive processing applications.

EFFICIENT KEY MANAGEMENT AND AUTHENTICATION SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is vulnerable to node capture attacks in which an attacker can capture one or more sensor nodes and reveal all stored security information which enables him to compromise a part of the WSN communications. Due to large number of sensor nodes and lack of information about deployment and hardware capabilities of sensor node, key management in wireless sensor networks has become a complex task. Limited memory resources and energy constraints are the other issues of key management in WSN. Hence an efficient key management scheme is necessary which reduces the impact of node capture attacks and consume less energy. In this study, we develop a cluster based technique for key management in wireless sensor network.

Quantitative Analysis of Network Configuration in Randomized Distribution Wireless Sensor Networks

Utilizing the clustering algorithm to form hierarchical network topology is the common method of implementing network management and data aggregation in wireless sensor networks. Many of the clustering algorithms heuristically determine the node energy, optimal node communication radius, and clustering radius, even though these parameters affect energy consumption of the entire network. In order to minimize energy consumption of the entire network, we present the optimal configuration by quantitative analysis when the nodes follow the random distribution. With the conclusion of quantitative analysis in single cluster expanded to the general case, the minimum of the network energy and optimal clustering radius are figured out. Simulated tests indicate that the optimal configuration can contribute to building more balanceable clustering structure and enhancing the network life cycle obviously.

QoS-based management of biomedical wireless sensor networks for patient monitoring

Biomedical wireless sensor networks are a key technology to support the development of new applications and services targeting patient monitoring, in particular, regarding data collection for medical diagnosis and continuous health assessment. However, due to the critical nature of medical applications, such networks have to satisfy demanding quality of service requirements, while guaranteeing high levels of confidence and reliability. Such goals are influenced by several factors, where the network topology, the limited throughput, and the characteristics and dynamics of the surrounding environment are of major importance. Harsh environments, as hospital facilities, can compromise the radio frequency communications and, consequently, the network’s ability to provide the quality of service required by medical applications. Furthermore, the impact of such environments on the network’s performance is hard to manage due to its random and unpredictable nature. Consequently, network planning and management, in general or step-down hospital units, is a very hard task. In such context, this work presents a quality of service based management tool to help healthcare professionals supervising the network’s performance and to assist them managing the admission of new sensor nodes (i.e., patients to be monitored) to the biomedical wireless sensor network. The proposed solution proves to be a valuable tool both, to detect and classify potential harmful variations in the quality of service provided by the network, avoiding its degradation to levels where the biomedical signs would be useless; and to manage the admission of new patients to the network.

M2M-based smart health service for human UI/UX using motion recognition

Home networks currently dominated by human---object or human---human information production, exchange, processing, and paradigms are transitioning to machine to machine (M2M) due to the sudden introduction of embedded devices. Recently, due to the spread of IT equipment, more M2M-related devices are being used, and M2M-based projects are underway in various fields such as M2M-based u-city, u-port, u-work, u-traffic, etc. M2M has been applied in various fields, and u-healthcare is attracting attention in the M2M medical field. U-healthcare refers to technology in which ordinary patients can receive prescription services from experts by continuously monitoring changes in their health status during daily life at home based on wired and wireless communications infrastructures. In this paper, we propose an M2M-based smart health service for human UI/UX using motion recognition. Non-IP protocol, not TCP/IP protocol, has been used in sensor networks applied to M2M-based u-healthcare. However, sensors should be connected to the Internet in order to expand the use of services and facilitate management of the M2M-based sensor network. Therefore, we designed an M2M-based smart health service considering network mobility since data measured by the sensors should be transferred over the Internet. Unlike existing healthcare platforms, M2M-based smart health services have been developed for motion recognition as well as bio-information. Smart health services for motion recognition can sense four kinds of emotions, anger, sadness, neutrality, and joy, as well as stress using sensors. Further, they can measure the state of the individual by recognizing a user's respiratory and heart rates using an ECG sensor. In the existing medical environment, most medical information systems managing patient data use a centralized server structure. Using a fixed network, it is easy to collect and process limited data, but there are limits to processing a large amount of data collected from M2M devices in real-time. Generally, M2M communication used in u-healthcare consists of many networked devices and gateways. An M2M network may use standardized wireless technology based on the requirements of a particular device. Network mobility occurs when the connecting point changes according to the movement of any network, and the terminal can be connected without changing its address. If the terminal within the network communicates with any corresponding node, communication between the terminal and corresponding node should be continuously serviced without discontinuation. The method proposed in this paper can easily respond to dynamic changes in the wireless environment and conduct systematic management based on user's motion recognition using technology to support mobility among sensor nodes in M2M.

Comparative Study of different Flip Flop Cells for WSN Applications

power management in wireless sensor network is a critical issue as the sensor nodes are low powered devices. In a sensor node, flip flop consumes large amount of power as they make maximum number of internal transitions. Reduction in the power consumed by flip-flops shows a deep impact on the total power consumed. Hence, designing low power flip flop cells are highly important for enhancing the life time of network. This paper presents a comparative study of different flip flop cells for WSN applications based on simulation at 90nm and 45nm technology. The simulation results show that flip flop using multiplexers offers the best overall performance. Keywordsflip flops, microcontroller, wireless sensor network, network lifetime, power management.

A lightweight trust management based on Bayesian and Entropy for wireless sensor networks

ABSTRACTWith the rapid development of wireless sensor networks, the issue of designing a reasonable trust management has attracted more and more research attention. Based on Bayesian and Entropy, this paper proposes a lightweight trust management for wireless sensor networks. First, the evaluated node's direct trust value is calculated by Bayesian and periodically updated according to the combination of effective history records and adaptive decay factor. We use effective history records rather than all the records to save nodes’ memory, and the adaptive decay factor enhances the algorithm's accuracy and dynamic. Then, according to the confidence level of the direct trust value, we decide whether the direct trust is credible enough to be the integrated trust. This can reduce the energy computation and make the algorithm lightweight. Last, if the direct trust is not credible enough, the overall indirect trust value will be calculated. The Entropy Theory is adopted to distribute weights to different trust values, which can improve the problems caused by distributing weights subjectively and also enhance adaptability of the model. Simulation experiments are provided to assess the performance of the proposed trust management in terms of attack–defeat ability and energy consumption. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.