Sensitivity Of Glucose Sensor Research Articles

Control of sensitivity in metal oxide electrolyte gated field-effect transistor-based glucose sensor by electronegativity modulation

In this study, the sensitivity of electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor-based glucose sensors using oxide semiconductor materials was controlled via electronegativity modulation. By controlling the enzymatic reaction between glucose and glucose oxidase, which is affected by the surface potential, the sensitivity of the glucose sensor can be effectively adjusted. To evaluate the sensitivity characteristics of the glucose sensor according to electronegativity control, devices were fabricated based on InO through Ga and Zn doping. The results confirmed that the specific sensitivity range could be adjusted by increasing the electronegativity. In addition, density functional theory calculations, confirmed that the attachment energy of the surface-functionalized material and the enzyme binding energy in the surface-functionalized thin film can be modulated depending on the electronegativity difference. The dissociation constant was controlled in both directions by doping with metal cations with larger(Ga, 1.81) or smaller(Zn, 1.65) electronegativities in InO(In, 1.78). We expect that this study will provide a simple method for the gradual and bidirectional control of the glucose sensitivity region.

Nanotechnology and Nanocapsule-Based Approaches for the Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Survey

A serious health concern of frightening proportions is diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic illness marked by increased blood sugar levels as a result of insufficient insulin production or response. Nanosensors and nanomaterials have recently shown tremendous promise for enhancing glucose detection for the treatment of diabetes. Significant improvements in glucose sensor sensitivity, specificity, and reversibility have been achieved through the incorporation of nanoscale carbon structures, nanocomposites, and other nanomaterials. The use of these tailored nanocarriers offers a viable technique to enhance patient compliance and diabetes management by addressing the difficulties associated with oral peptide medication delivery for the treatment of diabetes caused by adverse circumstances in the gastrointestinal system. Nanocapsules are a promising approach for effective medication transportation via biological barriers by protecting drug molecules from the biological environment. A workable solution to problems with oral peptide medicine distribution for treating diabetes, particularly when it comes to unfavorable gastrointestinal conditions, is the use of customized nanocarriers. These nanocarriers have a flexible design and special in vivo characteristics that make it possible to go beyond cellular and tissue absorption barriers while improving the stability and effectiveness of therapeutic peptides. The management of diabetes mellitus has a great deal of potential for targeted lipid-based nanoparticles, which operate as an efficient drug delivery technique for oral administration of therapeutic peptides. With these developments in nanotechnology and nanocapsule-based techniques, diabetes treatment might be improved, patient compliance could be increased, and drug administration frequency could be decreased, potentially changing the field. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in nanotechnology for diabetes mellitus diagnosis and the utilization of nanocapsules in diabetes treatment
 Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanocapsules, Diabetes Mellitus, Nanocarriers, Nanomaterial, Nanotube

Three-Dimensional CeO2 Woodpile Nanostructures To Enhance Performance of Enzymatic Glucose Biosensors.

Fabrication of detection elements with ultrahigh surface area is essential for improving the sensitivity of analyte detection. Here, we report a direct patterning technique to fabricate three-dimensional CeO2 nanoelectrode arrays for biosensor application over relatively large areas. The fabrication approach, which employs nanoimprint lithography and a CeO2 nanoparticle-based ink, enables the direct, high-throughput patterning of nanostructures and is scalable, integrable, and of low cost. With the convenience of sequential imprinting, multilayered woodpile nanostructures with prescribed numbers of layers were achieved in a "stacked-up" architecture and were successfully fabricated over large areas. To demonstrate application as a biosensor, an enzymatic glucose sensor was developed. The sensitivity of glucose sensors can be enhanced simply by increasing the number of layers, which multiplies surface area while maintaining a constant footprint. The four-layer woodpile nanostructure of CeO2 glucose sensor exhibited enhanced sensitivity (42.8 μA mM-1 cm-2) and good selectivity. This direct imprinting strategy for three-dimensional sensing architectures is potentially extendable to other electroactive materials and other sensing applications.

A sensitive AgNPs/CuO nanofibers non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on electrospinning technology

A novel sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor was fabricated with silver nanoparticles modified cupric oxide nanofibers (Ag/CuO NFs). The Ag/CuO NFs–indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was prepared by firstly electrospinning AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 and polyvinylpyrrolidone onto the surface of an ITO glass and followed with oxidization to Ag/CuO NFs by annealing in air. The Ag/CuO NFs–ITO electrode was applied to detect glucose by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry. The effects of electrospinning time, AgNO3:Cu(NO3)2 mass ratio, calcination temperature and NaOH concentration on the sensitivity of glucose sensor were investigated in detail. Under the optimal conditions, CV and chronoamperometric studies revealed that, compared with CuO NFs–ITO electrode, the AgNPs modification showed a remarkable increase in the efficiency of the electro-catalytic oxidation of glucose, exhibiting a high sensitivity of 1347μAmM−1cm−2 and a low detection limit of 51.7nM (S/N=3). More importantly, the poisoning by chloride ion and the interferences from l-ascorbic acid, uric acid, lactose, sucrose, fructose, and dopamine were negligible. The Ag/CuO NFs–ITO sensor could be used for detecting glucose in real samples. This Ag/CuO NFs–ITO sensor is highly promising for non-enzymatic glucose sensing attributing to its high sensitivity, fast response, excellent stability and good reproducibility.

Ordered Porous Gold Electrodes to Enhance the Sensitivity of Enzyme-Based Glucose Sensors

Glucose sensors are essential tools for diabetes patients to use in monitoring their blood glucose levels. However, to be able to detect glucose in non-invasively collected physiological fluids, such as tears and urine, the sensitivity of these glucose sensors must be significantly higher than sensors that are currently used to detect glucose concentrations in blood. Increasing the specific surface area of enzyme-based glucose sensors through the use of ordered porous gold electrodes has been shown to enhance the sensitivity of these sensors. The enzyme-based ordered porous gold glucose sensor was demonstrated to be suitable in detecting glucose concentrations ranges that are similar to those occurring in tears. Although sensitivity of the glucose sensor is enhanced, the saturation threshold of the sensor is lowered. Further optimizations of the porous gold electrodes are required to eliminate signal saturation of these improved sensors.