Cultural Sensitivity Research Articles

Harambee as a decolonial digital fundraising approach

AbstractDeployment of digital crowdfunding platforms, which predominantly are designed in line with Western norms, into Indigenous communities often leads to significant cultural tensions. This study uses the Kenyan Indigenous tradition of Harambee to elucidate how these cultural tensions manifest and are navigated in the context of digital crowdfunding. The study employs a qualitative approach, conducting narrative interviews with individuals experienced in both Harambee and digital crowdfunding within the Kenyan context, to advance our understanding of decolonial digital crowdfunding. The findings reveal significant cultural tensions, including those related to inclusive access, diminished communal engagement and erosion of social capital. These tensions highlight the marginalisation of Indigenous cultures and the reinforcement of colonial tendencies in digital spaces. Additionally, the study uncovers the ingenuity of Indigenous users who are integrating Indigenous knowledge and Harambee norms with digital technologies, to balance cultural sensitivity, strengthen technological inclusivity and preserve their communal values within decolonial digital fundraising. This study advances decolonial scholarship by demonstrating how the integration of both Indigenous and local practices with digital technology not only advances digital decoloniality but also enriches the technology's cultural responsiveness. The findings have practical implications for designing inclusive digital crowdfunding platforms that acknowledge and align with local cultural norms.

Development of Spanish Nutrition Screening Tool for Hispanic Preschoolers.

Nutrition screening tools may facilitate early nutrition interventions specifically with Hispanic populations that are already at higher risk. There is a paucity of culturally competent and validated nutrition screening tools for 3-5-year-old Hispanic children. The purpose of this study was to develop a Spanish nutrition screening tool for 3-5-year-old children to be used by Spanish-speaking parents in community settings to appropriately address malnutrition risk factors with cultural sensitivity. All phases of the study were conducted in Spanish with native Spanish speakers. Face and content validity were established using focus groups, expert reviews, and pilot testing of the tool with Spanish-speaking parents. Parents of children 3-5 years old whose primary language was Spanish (n = 39) completed the nutrition screening, and a nutritionist completed an in-depth nutrition assessment of these children. Criterion validity was measured by comparing the results of the nutrition screening tool with the in-depth nutrition assessment. The nutrition screening tool had a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 81.48%. The negative predictive value was 69%, and the positive predictive value was 96%. The nutrition screening tool may be used to identify malnutrition in Hispanic children and needs further validation in larger samples.

Conservation of Native American Indigenous collections: views from both sides of the Atlantic

ABSTRACT Originating communities have long contested the ownership, conservation, and care of cultural heritage in museums. From cultural sensitivity to repatriation, human remains to sacred belongings and everyday items to regalia, caring for these collections involves varying levels of controversy. This article focuses on the conservation frameworks in the United States and France, whose legal and administrative aspects differ tremendously. This has a major influence on the application of preservation procedures. The existing literature and some notable projects aimed at resolving such tensions between museums and so-called source communities will be briefly reviewed, directing the reader to previously published sources. The final section presents past and present conservation projects that deal with Native American collections in US and French museums, and assesses commonalities and variations in approaching these issues on either side of the Atlantic.

Meropenem Usage Assessment amid the Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: A Comprehensive Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

BACKGROUND: With antibiotic resistance posing a growing threat to global health, the prudent use of antibiotics like meropenem is imperative. However, empirical prescribing practices and inadequate adherence to guidelines contribute to challenges in meropenem utilization. This study aims to comprehensively assess prescribing patterns, adherence to guidelines, and patient education practices in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months, enrolling 100 patients. Data collection included variables such as age, gender, hospital stay duration, indication for meropenem prescription, dosage regimen, basis of prescription, treatment duration, and patient education. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26. RESULTS: Empirical prescribing was common, with an initial diagnosis accuracy rate of 64%. Disparities were noted in aligning culture sensitivity with meropenem use, with only 36% of cases following culture results. Regarding treatment duration, an alarming 86% of cases had incorrect durations. Comparative analyses highlighted areas for prescription protocol and clinical outcome improvement. For instance, 96% of cases had the correct initial meropenem dosage. Despite meticulous monitoring, deficiencies persisted in patient education and antibiotic stewardship. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the urgent need for standardized guidelines, enhanced diagnostics, and educational initiatives to mitigate antibiotic resistance emergence. Addressing these challenges is crucial for safeguarding antibiotic efficacy and public health.

A case study of the role of strategic communication in promoting business growth through financial literacy in underserved communities

This study explores the role of strategic communication in promoting business growth through enhanced financial literacy in underserved communities. The primary objective is to assess how tailored communication strategies can improve financial literacy among small business owners and contribute to economic development in marginalized areas. Using a case study approach, the research focuses on three diverse communities: Detroit, Michigan; the South Bronx, New York; and Native American reservations. Data were collected through interviews, surveys, and analysis of program reports to evaluate the effectiveness of various communication strategies. The results indicate that culturally relevant communication, community engagement, and multi-channel dissemination are critical in overcoming barriers to financial literacy. These strategies led to measurable improvements in financial behaviors, including better budgeting, increased savings, and access to credit, which in turn facilitated business growth. The discussion highlights the importance of trust-building and cultural sensitivity in financial education initiatives, suggesting that strategic communication is a key driver in the economic empowerment of underserved communities. Keywords: Strategic Communication, Financial Literacy, Business Growth, Underserved Communities, Economic Development, Case Study

Exploring the determinants of community-oriented health professions education: A narrative review

Background: Community-oriented education is increasingly prioritized in health professions curricula, but evidence on determinants for effective implementation is dispersed. This study aimed to synthesize the key determinants to guide curriculum design, implementation and evaluation. Methods: This narrative review searched PubMed and Scopus databases for relevant studies which were screened against eligibility criteria. The main search terms that were utilized: (community* or “communityoriented” or “community-oriented curriculum” AND “health professions” OR “health professions education”). Determinants were extracted, analyzed thematically, and synthesized narratively. A concept framework was developed to visualize relationships between determinants. Results: Of 2789 records screened, 88 studies were included. Determinants were organized into eight themes: community needs´ relevance, priority health problems, integration level, community involvement, cultural sensitivity, social accountability, health systems science, and collaboration with organizations. Determinants centered on aligning education with local contexts and priorities through engaged partnerships. The relationships between determinants were suggested. Discussion: This study presents a preliminary framework of determinants crucial for effective community oriented education in health professions curricula. The expected hurdles were discussed and mitigating actions were suggested. Eight key themes were synthesized from disparate literature sources that underscore the importance of aligning educational initiatives with local contexts and emphasizing partnerships with communities. While this proposed framework provides a valuable starting point, further rigorous inquiry and validation through systematic reviews are necessary to establish definitive determinants.

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer in Africa: An In-Depth Review

Prostate cancer is a major health challenge in Africa, presenting significant regional disparities in incidence and outcomes. This review provides an in-depth examination of the epidemiology of prostate cancer on the continent, considering a range of factors that influence its prevalence and management. Genetic predispositions, including mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and HOXB13, play a crucial role, with African populations displaying unique genetic variants contributing to higher incidence rates. Environmental and lifestyle factors, such as diet, physical activity, and substance use, also impact prostate cancer risk. Traditional African diets, rich in fruits and vegetables, may offer protective benefits, while modern dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles are linked to increased risk. Socioeconomic determinants, including access to healthcare, educational attainment, and financial barriers, significantly affect diagnosis and treatment, often leading to late-stage presentations. Hormonal and biological factors, such as androgen levels and age-related changes, further influence disease development. Infections, inflammatory conditions, and occupational exposures also contribute to risk. Cultural and behavioral influences, including traditional beliefs and health-seeking behaviors, impact prevention and management strategies. The review highlights the challenges faced by healthcare infrastructure and screening programs, emphasizing the need for improved access, public awareness, and tailored interventions. Addressing these factors through comprehensive public health strategies, including enhanced screening, lifestyle modifications, and cultural sensitivity, is essential for improving prostate cancer outcomes across Africa. Keywords: Epidemiology, Prostate Cancer, Africa, Genetic, Biological factor.

Ethical framework and inclusivity: research mechanics of difficult-to-reach migrants in civil military context

In the midst of humanitarian crises, understanding and helping hard-to-reach migrant communities, is a major challenge for researchers. This article addresses the ethical framework and dimensions of inclusivity associated with researching such populations in civilian-military setting. With the overarching aim of improving methodological discourse, this study seeks to understand the mechanisms involved in working with crisis-affected migrants who are often marginalised and geographically isolated. The significance of this research lies in its multi-layered approach to understanding the ethical considerations and inclusivity that are essential to conducting research in crisis situations. By examining existing theories in the field, including participatory research methods, ethnographic studies and community-based research frameworks, this study critically evaluates their applicability in the context of crisis-affected migrant communities. This research contributes to methodological approaches by proposing innovative strategies that emphasise ethical integrity, cultural sensitivity and inclusivity. It argues for the development of collaborative and culturally sensitive research practises that enable migrant communities to actively participate in the research process and ensure that their voices are heard, and their perspectives accurately represented. This study contributes to existing knowledge by illuminating the complexities of researching hard-to-reach migrant communities in civil military setting. This study provides researchers and practitioners with the necessary tools and perspectives required for engaging with crisis-affected migrant communities in a manner that is both ethical, respectful, and impactful.

AI-Enhanced Cross-Cultural Competence in STEM Education

Cross-cultural competence (CCC) is leaders' most critical skill set in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education because it can help them effectively manage cultural diversity. The research provides insights into the potential of AI to foster more inclusive and culturally aware educational environments for STEM students using a theory that combines Constructivism and Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT). The study discusses two research questions: (1) How can AI-driven tools be used in STEM education to enhance cross-cultural sensitivity and communication? (2) What is the impact of AI-facilitated reflective practices on students' self-awareness of cultural biases? This research shows how AI-based language translators and cultural simulations enable learners to adapt to different cultures. According to Constructivism, learning occurs when learners actively construct their knowledge from experiences towards cultural sensitivity, understanding, and respecting other cultures while reducing stereotypes. CHAT, on its part, views AI as aligning with AI as one of the artifacts or tools that are at the disposal of human beings in order to facilitate social interaction; thus, it has the potential to enhance intercultural communication where verbal cues are not only linguistic but also non-verbal. A total of 228 respondents were reached through surveys, resulting in preliminary results showing improved CCC due to accommodative devices such as culturally-specific software simulations or language translators employing AI models. This study adds value to the existing literature by presenting empirical evidence of how AI can foster CCC in STEM education. It highlights the imperative of AI's theoretical and practical applications in educational curricula.

Sustainable Competitive Advantage in the Legal Industry: A Review of Business Strategies and Market Entry Approaches for Gowling WLG in Japan and Nigeria

The modern business landscape has been notably disrupted by events like the COVID-19 pandemic, which reduced global trade by 13% to 23% in 2020, affecting the triple bottom line—profit, people, and planet—of the legal industry. This research develops a sustainable competitive advantage framework for Gowling WLG in emerging markets, focusing on Japan and Nigeria. The study compares Gowling WLG's business strategies and market entry approaches through a strategic management model and case study design, comparing the firm's operations in these diverse markets. Data was collected via document analysis, interviews, field observations, and megatrend articles to evaluate the competitive landscape. A context analysis of existing literature helped formulate relevant themes. Findings reveal the dynamic nature of the legal sector, influenced by political stability, economic conditions, technological advancements, and environmental concerns. Despite challenges like Brexit, global growth opportunities and threats coexist. Gowling's strengths include global recognition and advanced technology, but it also faces challenges in innovation and leadership. Opportunities lie in expanding the high-legal industry and offering sustainability-focused services, though cybersecurity risks and economic instability are significant threats. Strategic alliances with local firms for risk management and expertise are advised. Entering Japan requires thorough research, local collaboration, and cultural sensitivity. This research contributes to the empirical and theoretical literature, noting data reliability limitations, especially in Nigeria.

Re-envisioning corporate social responsibility education from a multicultural perspective: From pyramid to hourglass

While contemporary capitalist society is stimulating corporate social responsibility (CSR) and related themes such as sustainability, with the UN SDGs and ESG as dominant narratives, educators have voiced concerns about the actual issue of how to integrate these emerging phenomena into management education. This study adopted a sequential explanatory design using responses collected from international business school students in Asia over a 6-year period to examine this gap. Their perceptions were analyzed by matching them against Carroll's four-part definitional framework, the pyramid of CSR, to gauge the degree to which CSR theories are received by students. The results revealed that the majority of Asian students understand CSR differently from the mantra “CSR is about responsible business”. Depending on the context, Carroll's CSR pyramid is negatively perceived by students in Asia as many are aware that CSR is a culturally hypersensitive subject. The study proposes three recommendations for developing inclusive CSR education in multicultural settings: 1) emphasizing the “changing” role of business in the world and contemporary capitalism; 2) emphasizing the necessity of blending Western CSR theories with sustainable development issues in other nations; and 3) adding more details about cultural sensitivity in our use of CSR.

Cultivating Multicultural Dispositions: Assessing the Impact of a Multicultural Education Course on Preservice Teachers at an HBCU

This research examined the impact of a multicultural education course on the cultivation of critical dispositions and cultural competence among future educators at a Historically Black College and University (HBCU). The purpose of this study was to understand how this course affected students' self-awareness, recognition of personal biases, and broadening of worldviews. Using a mixed-methods approach, post-only quantitative data from the Multicultural Teacher Dispositions Scale (MTDS) and qualitative reflections from 23 preservice teachers selected through convenience sampling were combined in the study. The MTDS evaluates three dispositions of multiculturalism in preservice teachers: meekness, social awareness, and advocacy. The results revealed from moderate to strong endorsement of the meekness disposition, which means openness to diverse perspectives and self-reflection. The social awareness was moderately endorsed, with students recognising systemic inequities and valuing diverse viewpoints in education. The advocacy disposition showed mixed results, highlighting areas for growth in challenging institutional biases and promoting inclusivity. The qualitative analysis identified three key themes in students' reflections: embracing discomfort, self-awareness and bias recognition, effective communication as well as cultural sensitivity. Participants reported broadened worldviews, greater appreciation for cultural diversity, and increased confidence in engaging with diverse backgrounds. The study provided empirical evidence for the effectiveness of structured multicultural education courses in enhancing critical dispositions and cultural competence among preservice teachers. It emphasises the importance of incorporating opportunities for self-reflection, exploration of diverse perspectives, and addressing personal biases and discomfort within teacher preparation programs. These findings are crucial for teacher education programs at HBCUs preparing culturally competent educators for increasingly diverse classrooms. The study also suggests a need for on-going research on strategies to cultivate multicultural dispositions and to study the long-term impact of multicultural education courses on teaching practices.

Developing Transcreation Skills in Translation Studies: Training University Lectures to Address Demands for Creative Translation

The relevance of transcreation skills goes beyond mere translation strategy to a more sought-after service, that help equip translators with relevant employability skills. Nevertheless, the concern for the high demands of translators who possess these skills calls for a thorough training of future translators to acquire these skills. On the other hand, this will be possible if translator educators are already equipped with these skills. As such, this study aims to explore how translation educators, specifically, university lecturers can be prepared to effectively address the growing need for transcreation skills. The research further explores practical techniques and approaches aimed at teaching instructors to successfully impart transcreation abilities and adequately equip students for employment in creative translation. In order to achieve the objective of this research, a quantitative research methodology was adopted, and an online research questionnaire was also utilized. Moreover, a total of ninety-seven (97) study participants were included in the online survey to express their perspectives on how the university lecturers can be trained to address demands for creative translation. The participants' replies, which constitute the primary dataset for this study, were presented and subjected to thorough analysis. Additionally, these replies provided additional clarification on the two fundamental study hypotheses. The study results highlighted several fundamental elements connected with transcreation skills, including bilingual proficiency, creative writing, cultural sensitivity, and multimedia proficiency. Based on the analyzed data, the research revealed that adoption of practical strategies and methodologies such as professional development, inclusion of transcreation projects in translation training module, collaboration with industry experts, and technology integration helps to train translation educators to effectively teach transcreation skills. The study, however, recommends combination of these identified strategies for effective training of university lecturers.

Learning while Walking the Streets of Rayong: Combining Linguistic Landscape and Language Awareness through Action Research with Children

This paper presents the outcomes of an action research study that implemented a linguistic landscape (LL) unit as an English language learning activity at the secondary school level in Rayong, Thailand. The theoretical framework employed in this study draws upon Lefebvre’s (1991) conceptualization of space, adapted for pedagogical purposes as explained by Malinowski (2015). The study places particular emphasis on cultivating students' awareness of the LL in their neighborhood throughout a six-week instructional session. The instructional activities were designed to investigate the potential of LL in enhancing English language acquisition and promoting cultural sensitivity. Data collection involved the utilization of questionnaires and on-site observations. Two main conclusions may be drawn from the action research project's findings. First of all, the students showed signs of a greater sense of familiarity with their neighborhood, which suggests that they are more aware of the LL around them and that they understand LL to be a useful instrument for language learning. Secondly, the students identified a discrepancy between the LL of Rayong and the city’s vibrant economic activity as well as its diverse ethnic and linguistic composition, suggesting that the existing LL does not adequately reflect these dynamic facets of the city.

Molecular identification of Malassezia from the skin scrapings of clinically suspected cases of pityriasis versicolor.

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is caused by a lipophilic fungus belonging to the genus Malassezia. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount is most frequently used for screening of cases and culture is the gold standard. KOH lacks sensitivity, and culture is time-consuming and technically demanding. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institution. We aimed to use multiplex-PCR for faster and accurate identification of Malassezia spp directly from skin scrapings of suspected cases of PV. The study was conducted on suspected cases of PV over a period of 12 months. The clinical and demographic details were recorded. The skin scrapings were subjected to KOH mount and cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with an olive oil overlay. Multiplex-PCR targeting 11 Malassezia spp was performed on DNA extracted from skin scrapings. A total of 69 suspected cases of PV were studied. Most patients belonged to metro cities and worked in hot and humid climates. The mean duration of lesions was 18 months, and most had macular and patchy lesions. The sensitivity of KOH and culture was found to be 82.6% and 91.3%, respectively. M. globosa (n = 60, 87%) and M. restricta (n = 3, 4.3%) were isolated in culture. Multiplex PCR detected 85.5% of M. globosa, 5.8% of M. restricta, and 8.7% of mixed infection with M. globosa and M. restricta. M-PCR detected Malassezia in all the samples. M-PCR could identify Malassezia species directly from skin specimens, eliminating the need for culture. M-PCR was accurate, dependable, and exhibited a rapid turnaround time.

Driving Consumer Choices: The Influence of Pidgin Language in Pepsi Advertising

This study explores the influence of using pidgin English in Pepsi advertisements on consumer purchase decisions. Pidgin English, a creole language widely spoken in various regions, serves as a significant cultural and linguistic marker. The research investigates how incorporating this vernacular into marketing strategies impacts consumer perception, engagement, and ultimately, purchasing behavior. A mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, was employed to gather data from a diverse demographic. Findings suggest that advertisements utilizing pidgin English resonate more deeply with certain consumer segments, enhancing brand relatability and fostering a sense of cultural identity. This linguistic strategy appears to enhance emotional connection and trust, leading to a higher propensity to purchase. The study concludes that leveraging local languages like pidgin can be a powerful tool in marketing, providing brands with a competitive edge in linguistically diverse markets. Implications for marketers include the necessity of cultural sensitivity and the potential benefits of localizing advertising content to reflect linguistic diversity.

Evaluating English-medium instruction in higher education: EMI-QE

English-medium instruction (EMI) is on the rise in higher education (HE) across the globe. Despite this trend, a gap remains in the evaluation of EMI programs, leaving the question of what constitutes good practices in EMI largely unresolved. Moreover, the intersection between EMI and program evaluation is still elusive, resulting in a dearth of universally accepted guidelines and tools for evaluating EMI. This study introduces the English-Medium Instruction Q Evaluation (EMI-QE), an instrument designed to assess EMI in HE. The EMI-QE was demonstrated in a computer science program and was found to reflect several key strengths (e.g., lecturers’ confidence in using English and language support) and areas for improvement (e.g., lectures’ communication gaps and cultural sensitivity) of the program. In addition to addressing English proficiency and implementing an English certification policy, it was recommended that the program offer professional development on cultural sensitivity and inclusive teaching practices in order to address diversity issues, ensuring that all students, regardless of their backgrounds, are well supported.

Oral Health in Tanzania: Unmasking Its Neglected Dimension

ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization's definition of oral health underscores its holistic nature encompassing physiological, psychosocial, and functional dimensions. The current estimates of oral diseases in Tanzania and around the world underscore the urgency of intervention, particularly in light of rising sugar consumption trends. The unique challenges facing Tanzania, including inadequate knowledge, limited infrastructure, and disparities in oral healthcare access, are analyzed within the broader context of sub‐Saharan Africa's health priorities. This article addresses the multifaceted challenges of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the imperative need for a comprehensive and integrated approach. The discussion offers a detailed exploration of determinants contributing to oral health neglect, spanning socioeconomic, behavioral, and commercial factors, with a focus on their implications for Tanzanian communities. Recommendations are presented as a strategic roadmap, encompassing public health education, integrated healthcare services, government intervention, educational programs, community engagement, financial accessibility, and research initiatives. By synthesizing these recommendations into a cohesive framework, a proactive and collaborative approach to mitigate the consequences of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the need for transformative policies and cultural sensitivity, is therefore envisioned.

An Indigenous-led buprenorphine-naloxone treatment program to address opioid use in remote Northern Canada

Background/purposeIn response to the opioid use challenges exacerbated from the COVID-19 pandemic, Fort Albany First Nation (FAFN), a remote Cree First Nation community situated in subarctic Ontario, Canada, implemented a buprenorphine-naloxone program. The newly initiated program was collaboratively developed by First Nations' nurses and community leaders, driven by the community's strengths, resilience, and forward-thinking approach. Using the First Nations Information Governance Centre strengths-based model, this article examines discussions with four community leaders to identify key strengths and challenges that emerged during the implementation of this program. Methodsthis qualitative study amplify the positive aspects and community strengths through the power of oral narratives. We conducted 20 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with community members who helped lead FAFN's COVID-19 pandemic response. Utilizing the Medicine Wheel framework, this work introduces a holistic model for the buprenorphine-naloxone program that addresses the cognitive, physical, spiritual, and emotional dimensions of well-being. ResultsRecommendations to support this initiative included the need for culturally competent staff, customized education programs, and the expanding of the program. Additionally, there is a pressing need for increased funding to support these initiatives effectively and sustainably. The development of this program, despite challenges, underscores the vital role of community leadership and cultural sensitivity to address the opioid crisis in a positive and culturally safe manner. ConclusionThe study highlights the successes of the buprenorphine-naloxone program, which was developed in response to the needs arising from the pandemic, specifically addressing community members suffering from opioid addiction. The timely funding for this program came as the urgent needs of community members became apparent due to pandemic lockdowns and isolation. Holistic care, including mental health services and fostering community relations, is important. By centering conversations on community strengths and advocating for culturally sensitive mental health strategies that nurture well-being, resilience, and empowerment, these findings can be adapted and expanded to support other Indigenous communities contending with opioid addiction.

Adult relationship ruptures, positive psychology, cultural sensitivity, disability culture, child–parent relationship therapy and interviewing Monica McGoldrick

Adult relationship ruptures, positive psychology, cultural sensitivity, disability culture, child–parent relationship therapy and interviewing Monica <scp>McGoldrick</scp>