Sensitive Determination Research Articles

Individual language experience determinants of morphosyntactic variation in heritage and attriting speakers of Bosnian and Serbian

Abstract Using a causal inference approach, we explored the relationships among the language experience determinants of morphosyntactic sensitivity, to identify the factors that indirectly and directly cause its acquisition or maintenance in immigration contexts. We probed the sensitivity to Serbian/Bosnian clitic placement violations with a self-paced listening task, in a diverse group of bilinguals in Norway (n = 71), born to immigrant parents, or having emigrated in childhood or adulthood. The outcomes included a metalinguistic violation detection score and a listening/processing time difference between licit and illicit structures. Structural Equation Models revealed that literacy (as reading practices) was among the most influential determinants of the ability to detect violations, while Bosnian/Serbian use across contexts and age of bilingualism onset determined violation sensitivity in processing. We identified a significant threshold of societal language (SL) exposure at age 8. Rather than SL exposure before this age precluding bilinguals from developing and maintaining morphosyntactic sensitivity, this threshold seems to reflect a protective effect against attrition which intensifies the later after age 8 SL exposure starts. The length of residence in Norway did not determine attrition, suggesting that heritage and attrited speakers should be considered on a continuum rather than as distinct bilingualism profiles.

A Novel Fluorescent Chemosensor for Sensitive and Rapid Determination of Pb(II) Ions in Aqueous Environments.

This investigation devised an eco-friendly spectrofluorometric Pb(II) ion measurement approach. To determine Pb(II) ions, a polymeric fluorescence sensor membrane with excellent selectivity has been developed. It contains photoinitiators, functional monomers that can be cured under UV radiation, and cross-linking agents. After the characterization of the membrane, the most suitable parameters for the measurement of Pb(II) ions were determined. The measurement was performed in a short time-roughly 40s-at emission and excitation wavelengths of 488nm and 277nm, respectively, at pH 6.0. The developed method's detection limit was calculated as 1.42 × 10- 9 mol L- 1, and its calibration range was recorded as 4.83 × 10- 9 to 9.66 × 10- 8 mol L- 1. Recovery studies and the sensor's stability, lifetime, and repeatability have been evaluated. Real sample applications have been implemented using wastewater samples. The suggested approach may be used to quickly and accurately determine Pb(II) ions at low concentrations with good selectivity and sensitivity.

A novel miniaturized potentiometric electrode based on carbon nanotubes and molecularly imprinted polymer for the determination of lidocaine.

A novel miniaturized, solid-contact potentiometric screen-printed electrode was developed for highly sensitive and selective determination of lidocaine anesthetic. The electrode integrated single-walled carbon nanotubes as a solid-contact material and a molecularly imprinted polymer as a recognition sensory material. The performance characteristics of the electrode were evaluated and optimized to display a Nernstian slope of 58.92 ± 0.98mV/decade over a linear concentration range of 4.53 × 10-7 to 6.18 × 10-3mol/l within < 6s. Thedetection limit was 7.75 × 10-8mol/l (18.16ng/ml) of lidocaine. The use of the molecularly imprinted polymer significantly enhanced the selectivity of the electrode, and carbon nanotubes increased the sensitivity, accuracy, and potential stability. The electrode was successfully used for determining lidocaine in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine. The results favorably compared with data obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Development of CuFe2O4 microspheres/carbon sheets composite materials as a sensitive electrochemical sensorfor determination of bisphenol A.

A composite material based on CuFe-ZIF-derived CuFe2O4 nano-microspheres grown in situ and well-ordered on carbon sheets (CS) was prepared and applied for highly effective determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The composite material possessed inherently high redox activity due to the presence of both Cu and Fe ions with various oxidation states (Cu²⁺/Cu⁺ and Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺), high specific surface area, uniform distribution of Cu and Fe ions, and a robust framework imparted by its precursor CuFe-ZIF. Thisled to increased active sites for electrochemical reactions, improved electron transfer efficiency, and structural integrity during electrochemical cycling. Furthermore, combining CS with CuFe2O4 not only provided a large surface area to support well-ordered CuFe₂O₄ nano-microspheres without aggregation, but also enhanced the conductivity and mechanical stability of the CuFe₂O₄/CS composite. This results in synergistic effects that enhanced the overall performance of the composite material. In addition, both copper and iron are relatively non-toxic and abundant, making CuFe₂O₄/CS safe and cost-effective for large-scale applications. Consequently, the CuFe2O4/CS-modified electrode shows highly efficient electrochemical sensing properties with a wider detection range of 0.009-168 µM and lower detection limit of 0.0027 µM (S/N = 3) compared withmost reported BPA sensors. It also hasanoptimized current at pH 7 which is convenient for real world applications. This CuFe2O4/CS modified electrode as a highly sensitive electrochemical platform can be applied to monitor BPA concentrations in bottled water with good recovery (97.2-102.2%).

Designing a molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of the antimalarial chloroquine phosphate.

For the first time anelectrochemical sensor based on nanomaterial-supported molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is applied to the sensitive and specific determination of chloroquine phosphate(CHL). The sensor was produced using an electropolymerization (EP) approach, and it was formed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using CHL as a template and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and aniline (ANI) as functional monomers. Incorporating Prussian blue polyethyleneglycol-amine nanoparticles (PB@PEG-NH2) in the MIP-based electrochemical sensor increased the active surface area and porosity. The developed CHL/AMPS-PANI/PB@PEG-NH2/MIP-GCE sensor was characterized morphologically and electrochemically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The indirect measurement of CHL was accomplished in 5.0mmol L-1 [Fe(CN)6]-3/-4 solutionusing differential pulse voltammetry, displaying linear response between 1.75 × 10-12 and 2.50 × 10-13M, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 6.68 × 10-14M and 2.23 × 10-13M, respectively, in standard solutions. CHL recoveries in spiked serum and tablet form ranged from 99.13 to 101.51%, while the relative standard deviations (RSD%) were below 2.41% in both types of samples. In addition, the sensor's excellent selectivity was successfully demonstrated in the presence of components with a chemical structure similar to CHL.

DDDR-26. IDENTIFICATION OF MODULATORS OF IDH INHIBITOR SENSITIVITY INIDH-MUTATED DIFFUSE GLIOMAS

Abstract Driver mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 characterize a substantial proportion of lower-grade diffuse gliomas in adults. Mutated IDH molecules cause the accumulation of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), which perturbs many cellular functions, including metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and the ability to differentiate. This is notably associated with DNA and histone hyper-methylation. Recently, the newly developed IDH inhibitor, vorasidenib, was shown to delay tumor progression and the need for additional treatment in the groundbreaking INDIGO clinical trial. Nevertheless, the responses to vorasidenib were variable between patients, and so far have been established only for less aggressive disease. In addition, it is unclear to what extent vorasidenib can cause tumor regression. This highlights the need to identify molecules and pathways that control IDH inhibitor sensitivity. Towards this goal, we generated a new mouse model that combines Idh1R132H and Trp53 loss-of-function, targeted to oligodendrocyte progenitors. All the mutant mice develop diffuse gliomas that recapitulate the cardinal features of the corresponding human disease. We established multiple cell lines from these tumors, which retained expression of mutant IDH. The cells robustly produced D-2-HG, which was concentration-dependently suppressed by vorasidenib. Accordingly, vorasidenib could lower DNA methylation, and induce the expression of mature glial cell markers. To identify determinants of vorasidenib sensitivity, we performed genome-wide loss-of-function CRISPR/Cas9 functional genomics screens. In those experiments, targeting genes associated with astrocyte differentiation or Notch signaling enhanced cell fitness in the presence of vorasidenib, consistent with the anticipated effects of the drug on inducing cell differentiation. Conversely, vorasidenib-treated cells were more sensitive to the loss of regulators of cell growth and metabolism, and of some epigenetic regulators. These studies point to strategies that may enhance the efficacy of IDH inhibitors for the treatment of IDH mutated gliomas.

A General Strategy to Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Five High Boiling Point Solvents in Pharmaceuticals by RP-HPLC Combined with Precipitation Method.

The difficulty on determination of high boiling point solvents, always exist due to their low vapor pressure in headspace (HS) vial. What's worse, the commonly used GC diluents, such as N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone are often remained in HS instrument after frequent injection into HS, thus would result in terrible positive interference problem. In this work, a fast and sensitive HPLC method in combination with a sample precipitation method, was proposed for the determination of above five high boiling point solvents in drug substances within 14.5min. The final method was validated with regard to limit of detection and limit of quantitation, precision, linearity and accuracy in accordance with ICH Q2 (R1). Finally, the proposed strategy was successfully applied for the analysis of high boiling point solvents used in three active pharmaceutical ingredients. The established generic strategy would provide another choice for the determination of high boiling point solvents in pharmaceuticals.

Amino-functionalized vertically ordered mesoporous silica film on electrochemically polarized screen-printed carbon electrodes for the construction of gated electrochemical aptasensors and sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigens

Disposable electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity are very fit for point-of-care testing in clinical diagnosis. Herein, amino-functionalized, vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (NH2-VMSF) attached to an electrochemically polarized screen-printed carbon electrode (p-SPCE) are prepared using a simple electrochemical method and then utilized to construct a gated electrochemical aptasensor for rapid and sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). After being treated with the electrochemical polarization procedure, p-SPCE has plentiful oxygen-containing groups and improved catalytic ability, which help promote the stability of NH2-VMSF on SPCE without the use of an adhesive layer and simultaneously generate a highly electroactive sensing interface. Owing to the numerous uniform and ultrasmall nanopores of NH2-VMSF, CEA-specific aptamer anchored on the external surface of NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE serves as the gatekeeper, allowing the specific recognition and binding of CEA and eventually impeding the ingress of electrochemical probes [Fe(CN)63−/4−] through the silica nanochannels. The declined electrochemical responses of Fe(CN)63−/4− can be used to quantitatively detect CEA, yielding a wide detection range (100 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL) and a low limit of detection (24 fg/mL). Moreover, the proposed NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE-based electrochemical aptasensor can be applied to detect the amount of CEA in spiked human serum samples, which extends the biological application of a disposable NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE sensor by modulating the biological recognition species.

Application of nucleophilic substitution reaction for sensitive determination of heptaminol hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals

A straightforward and sensitive spectrofluorimetric approach was established for the determination of heptaminol hydrochloride (HTM-HCl) based on the derivatization of the drug through its reaction with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (Dansyl chloride). The reagent underwent a nucleophilic substitution of its chlorine atom with HTM to give N-(5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-6-amino-2-methylheptan-2-ol. The highly luminescent derivative was extracted using methylene chloride and subjected to analysis at an excitation wavelength of 345 nm and an emission wavelength of 490 nm. The chemical reaction occurred within an aqueous environment buffered with a 0.1 M borate buffer solution adjusted to pH 10.5. Experimental findings indicate that the proposed method displays sensitivity and linearity across a concentration range from 0.03 to 2 µg mL− 1. The method achieves lower detection and quantification limits of 0.016 and 0.048 µg mL− 1, respectively. The analytical validation of this method followed the guidelines outlined by the International Council of Harmonization (ICH). This approach was applied effectively for quantifying the medication in both tablet and oral drops formulations available on the market, demonstrating excellent recovery of 98.95 ± 0.45 for tablets and 99.37 ± 0.24 for oral drops with no interference from excipients.

Identification of Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Compounds Targeting the NF-κB-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway from a Phytochemical Library of the Sideritis Genus

Ethnobotanical relevanceFor centuries, the aerial parts of Sideritis species have been known for their medicinal properties as herbal teas. Although the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the genus have been widely documented, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be sufficiently clarified. Aim of the studyWe investigated the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of phytochemicals of the Sideritis genus. Material and methodsThrough literature mining, a chemical library containing 657 components of the Sideritis genus was formed. We studied these compounds for binding to NLRP3 and NF-κB proteins in silico by virtual drug screening and molecular docking, and in vitro by microscale thermophoresis (MST). Liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis (LC-HRMS) was performed in the Sideritis extracts. One of the identified compounds, verbascoside, was investigated for its cytotoxic activity by mining a panel of 49 tumor cell lines in the data repository of the National Cancer Institute (NCI, USA). ResultsVirtual screening and molecular docking results highlighted two compounds targeting both proteins of interest, i.e., verbascoside (acteoside) and apigenin 7,4′-bis(trans-p-coumarate), as both had lowest binding energies of less than -10 kcal/mol. Using MST, we then verified that both compounds bound to the target proteins. Verbascoside bound to NLRP3 and NF-κB with Kd values of 0.67 ± 0.18 μM and 0.01 ± 0.08 μM, while apigenin 7,4′-bis(trans-p-coumarate) had Kd values of 4.60 ± 1.66 μM and 0.27 ± 0.75 μM, respectively. Verbascoside was abundant in the Sideritis extracts, according to LC-HRMS analysis. Since inflammation is strongly related to carcinogenesis, we investigated the anticancer activity of verbascoside in the second part of this study. We investigated the activity of verbascoside in 49 tumor cell lines of the NCI. Comparing its activity with 81 standard anticancer drugs revealed numerous interactions with DNA-damaging agents (alkylators, topoisomerase I/II inhibitors, antimetabolites), indicating that verbascoside may also affect the DNA of tumor cells. We further investigated the involvement of verbascoside in several main drug resistance mechanisms, i.e., ABC transporters, oncogenes, tumor suppressors, cellular proliferation rates, and other parameters. Except for the correlation to the mutational status of NRAS, no other significant relationships were found, indicating that verbascoside is not involved in most of the common drug resistance mechanisms. Two-dimensional cluster analysis-based heatmap generation of a proteomic profile from 40 out of 3171 proteins revealed a significant correlation between the expression of these proteins in 49 tumor cell lines, and the cellular response to verbascoside. This indicates that the presence of these proteins is a determinant for sensitivity or resistance to this natural product. ConclusionThe database established here represents a valuable resource for the screening of bioactivites of the Sideritis genus. The experimental validation of the anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of selected compounds proved that virtual drug screening and molecular docking are suitable tools for the identification of putative drug candidates. Verbascoside was among the top 10 compounds binding to two key anti-inflammatory proteins, NLRP3 and NF-kB. Additionally, data from the NCI indicate that verbascoside is not linked to main drug resistance mechanisms.

A Comparative Study on the Electrocatalytic Efficiency of Coupled (CuO-Co3O4) vs. Mixed (CuCo2O4) Metal Oxides: Probed by Hydrazine Oxidation and Sensitive Determination

This work reports the synthesis of copper- and cobalt-based coupled and mixed metal oxides (CuO-Co3O4 and CuCo2O4, respectively) utilizing a simple hydrothermal and calcination approach. CuO-Co3O4, CuCo2O4, and the control samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEM and FE-SEM analyses of CuO-Co3O4 reveal the presence of two distinct morphologies: rod- and sphere-shaped particles (CuO and Co3O4, respectively). Further, CuO-Co3O4 was efficiently utilized as an electrocatalyst for the selective oxidation of hydrazine (Hyz). CuO-Co3O4 shows a high redox response compared to CuO, Co3O4, CuCo2O4, and the physical mixture of CuO and Co3O4 (CuO/Co3O4). This enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interaction between the metal ions caused by their close proximity and the increased exposure of surface active sites. CuO-Co3O4 shows a broad linear range (1-3500 µM), a low detection limit (0.29 µM), and high sensitivity (0.5756 µA µM-1 cm-2) for the Hyz determination. Kinetic parameters, for instance the diffusion coefficient and catalytic rate constant for Hyz oxidation were obtained using chronoamperometry. Additionally, CuO-Co3O4 was effectively utilized to analyze Hyz in real samples with acceptable recovery rates.

Fabrication of an electrochemical sensor based on Zinc Vanadate anchored with multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode for the determination of Carbendazim

The detection of Carbendazim (CBZ) insecticides has prompted concerns regarding their potential impacts on both human health and the environment. To address this issue, a novel nanocomposite comprising Zinc Vanadate (ZVO) was prepared using a common hydrothermal technique and incorporated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to form ZVO/MWCNT nanocomposite. Thus, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been modified using this ZVO/MWCNT nanocomposite, which offering a simple and affordable platform for the electrochemcial detection of CBZ. The structure and composition of the nanomaterial were confirmed through various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, while its electrochemical characteristics were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The GCE/ZVO/MWCNT modified electrode exhibited a broad linear response ranging from 0.05 to 110μM, with a low detection limit of 0.005μM and high sensitivity (2.93 μA μM−1 cm−2), with recoveries ranging from 98% to 99.93%, respectively. Moreover, GCE/ZVO/MWCNT electrode demonstrated excellent stability, repeatability, and practical utility for CBZ detection. Based on electrochemical studies that indicate the formation of oxidized products consistent with a 2-electron transfer process. Therefore, this innovative GCE/ZVO/MWCNT modified electrode offers promising prospects for sensitive and selective CBZ determination, with potential applications in environmental monitoring and health protection.

Construction of an efficient microRNA sensing platform based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated synthesis of copper nanoclusters

A conceptual innovative electrochemical sensing platform was constructed for microRNA (miRNA) detection based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated synthesis of copper nanoclusters. In principle, the substrate strand immobilized on working electrode acted as the template for the TdT-mediated DNA extension reaction, while the DNAzyme probe would be activated in the absence of miRNA 21, which led to the cleavage of the substrate strand to produce the 5’ phosphate terminus and inhibited the TdT-mediated DNA extension reaction. On the other hand, the presence of miRNA 21 initiated the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction, causing the disassembly of the DNAzyme structure and preventing the substrate strand from being cleaved. This enabled the recycle amplification of target miRNA 21, and TdT catalyzed the DNA extension reaction on the 3’ hydroxyl terminus of the substrate strand, producing a large number of poly thymine (polyT) sequences. These sequences bound with copper ions for in-situ synthesis of copper nanoclusters on the sensing electrode, and the increased electrochemical signal of copper was recorded by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV), which paved the way for sensitive determination of miRNA 21 extracted from cancer cells with a detection limit of 36 aM. Due to its high sensitivity, user-friendly operation, and cost-effectiveness, this method is helpful for the fundamental research of sensing mechanism as well as the diagnosis of related diseases.

Clinician and Patient Perspectives on the Exchange of Sensitive Social Determinants of Health Information

Social determinant of health (SDOH) data are essential to individualized care and reducing health disparities. However, there is little standardization in the way that SDOH data are collected, and barriers to increasing the collection of such data exist at both the patient and clinician levels. To evaluate clinician, patient, and care partner perspectives on the barriers to and facilitators of patients sharing SDOH information with their clinicians. This qualitative study included clinicians, patients, and care partners across the United States. Focus groups were conducted between September 2022 and February 2023 to understand the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data. Rapid assessment procedures were used to analyze focus group transcripts, creating summaries, codes, and themes mapped directly to the project research questions. A total of 235 individuals participated, including 109 (46.4%) clinicians (60 [55.0%] male; 25 [22.9%] Asian, 2 [1.8%] Black, and 74 [67.9%] White) and 126 (53.6%) patients and care partners (45 [35.7%] male; 1 [0.8%] Asian, 48 [38.1%] Black, and 64 [50.8%] White). Clinicians and patients agreed that SDOH data are important for clinicians to know. Both clinicians and patients wanted a structured, standardized way to collect SDOH data in the future, accompanied by time for more in-depth discussion during the visit. However, they highlighted numerous issues that impact collecting these data, including beliefs about how the information will be used, the clinician-patient relationship, having enough of the right staff, time needed to collect SDOH information, and technology used to collect the data (eg, usability, standardization). This qualitative study of the experience of collecting, documenting, and exchanging SDOH data underscores the ongoing barriers to widespread adoption of uniform approaches to SDOH data documentation as well as factors that may help lower those barriers, such as trusting patient-clinician relationships, greater transparency in how the data will be used, and targeted resources. A multifaceted approach to addressing the concerns raised by clinicians, patients, and care partners is required to ensure that such data can be captured in a way that improves care and allows for progress toward an equitable health care system.

Highly Sensitive Determination of Copper Ions as MnO2 Etching Inhibitor in Single-Particle Nanoplasmonic Imaging.

Dark-field microscopy (DFM) imaging based on plasmonic metal nanoparticles has garnered significant attention. Here, we exploit the susceptibility of MnO2 to reduction to modulate the local dielectric environment of an Au nanoparticle core through the etching/antietching effects of specific targets on the encapsulated MnO2 shell. The presence of d-penicillamine promotes MnO2 etching, while the chelation of d-penicillamine with Cu2+ effectively inhibits this etching. By recording the Cu2+-induced color shift of scattered light from orange to bright green at the single-particle level and performing the statistical analysis of the green-to-red (G/R) values in DFM images, we achieved quantitative determination of Cu2+ with a wide linear range (0.1-10 μM) and a low limit of detection (4.55 nM). With the facile and reliable Cu2+ assay in real-world samples exemplifying the practicality of the single-particle nanoplasmonic imaging method, this work may inspire future DFM-based investigations of nanoshell etching inhibition processes.

Application of Polydopamine-Based Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction for Highly Sensitive Determination of Aristolochic Acid I from Traditional Chinese Medicine Samples.

A low cost-effective and simple synthesis method combining magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and high-pressure liquid chromatography was developed for the analysis of aristolochic acids I (AAI) in traditional Chinese medicine samples. A novel polydopamine (PDA) modified magnetic nanoparticles with one single carbon layer (Fe3O4@1C NPs) via one-pot hydrothermal approach was prepared and then successfully employed to extract AAI for the first time. Dopamine (DA) can form a PDA layer on Fe3O4@1C NPs surface through self-polymerization to form Fe3O4@1C@PDA. As a surface modifier of DA, PDA offered more adsorption sites to AAI due to π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. The parameters of MSPE were optimized by univariate and multivariate methods (Box-Behnken design) in detail. High degree of linearity was obtained in the range of 0.05-200.0μg/mL. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and quantification (S/N = 10) were 0.08 and 0.25μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries of AAI in spiked Xiaoqinglong mixture samples were in the range of 86.7 to 108.5% with the relative standard deviation of less than 5.2%. Thus, a fast, convenient, sensitive and eco-friendly method was successfully proposed and became a promising approach for the determination of AAI in herbal plants or its preparation in the manufacturing procedure.

Eco-Friendly Analytical Approach for Sensitive Spectrofluorimetric Determination of the Flavonoid Chrysin in Capsules and Human Plasma.

Chrysin is a plant flavonoid that has different therapeutic effects as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and immune booster. Spectrofluorimetry has received a lot of interest lately because of itsecological greenness and analytical performance. This approach employed the native fluorescence of chrysin at 339nm following excitation at 231nm in distilled water. Modern advances in analytical chemistry have been used to lessen occupational and environmental concerns by employing distilled water as a dilution solvent throughmethod development and application. The approach was found to be excellent green supported byeco-scale score of 97and 0.94AGREErating, in addition to an overall whiteness score of 88.80. The design aimed to analyze chrysin in raw materials, Chrysin® capsules and human plasma. The method was linear over0.5-7.0ngmL⁻1 chrysin, with LOD of 0.06ngmL⁻1 and LOQ of 0.20ngmL⁻1. The offered methodwas effectively applied for determination of chrysin inthe commercial capsules Chrysin® and spiked human plasma samples with average recoveries of 99.76%and 99.98%, respectively for capsules andspiked human plasma. Up to date, no spectrofluorimetric method has been described for chrysin analysis, then, this presented an opportunity to develop a sensitive, quick, reliable, environmentally friendly, and valid fluorescence-based method.

Synthesis of Co/Co3O4 Heterostructure in N-Doped Porous, Amorphous Carbon: A Superior Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Alectinib in Various Fluids.

Highly crystallized Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles embedded in an N-doped amorphous carbon matrix have been successfully fabricated by the molten-salt-assisted method using KClO3 and zeolitic imidazolate framework-12 (ZIF-12). Pyrolysis of ZIF-12 with different concentrations of KClO3 leads to embedded Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles in a conductive amorphous carbon network. The impact of salt concentration on the morphology and electrochemical performance of these composites was investigated for electrochemical sensor applications. By employing a straightforward and efficient technique, Co/Co3O4 heterostructures were successfully synthesized in N-doped porous amorphous carbon. The Co/Co3O4 carbon heterostructures were optimized by varying the salt concentration, resulting in a significant electrochemical sensor performance for detecting ALC in both bulk and biological fluids. The sensor demonstrates excellent sensitivity (62.97 nmol/L) and selectivity toward ALC, with a wide linear range (0.2-2 μM) and a low detection limit (18.89 nM). Furthermore, it displays remarkable stability and reproducibility, positioning it as a strong contender for practical use in pharmaceutical analysis and biomedical research. This study presents a significant advancement in electrochemical sensing technology and underscores the potential of Co/Co3O4 heterostructures in the development of high-performance sensors for detecting bioactive compounds in complex matrices.

A NOVEL GOLD NANOPARTICLE‐IONIC LIQUID NANOSTRUCTURE MODIFIED Pleurotus Ostreatus BASED MICROBIAL BIOSENSOR SYSTEM FOR BISPHENOL A

The current study develops the first and novel gold nanoparticle‐ionic liquid nanostructure modified microbial biosensor based on &lt;i&gt;Pleurotus ostreatus&lt;/i&gt; for the sensitive determination of Bisphenol A &lt;b&gt;. &lt;/b&gt;In the construction of the microbial biosensor, lyophilized &lt;i&gt;P.ostreatus&lt;/i&gt; cells were modified with ionic liquid‐cysteamine mixture on a gold electrode which was modified with 1,6‐hexanedithiol and gold nanoparticle. The measurement principle of the biosensor is based on the detection of changes in current in a phosphate buffer system (pH 7.5, 50 mM and containing 5.0 mM K &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;[Fe(CN) &lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;]) in the potential range of ‐0.2 to +0.6 V depending o

Sensitive and Selective Determination of Benzidine by Synthesized tragacanth-poly (Acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-GQD) Hydrogel Nanocomposite as a Highly Stable Fluorescent Probe.

Benzidine is known as a toxic and highly carcinogenic substance, so its determination is an essential issue. Until now, no effective and stable fluorescent probe based on hydrogel nanocomposite has been reported for the determination of this substance. In this work, for the first time, the synthesis and use of tragacanth-poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide-GQD) hydrogel nanocomposite (H-GQD) as a novel, high-stable, and selective fluorescence hydrogel nanocomposite for the identification of benzidine is reported. To achieve the maximum responsiveness of this hydrogel nanocomposite to determine benzidine, various parameters such as pH, ionic strength, hydrogel nanocomposite concentration, sensitivity, and selectivity were investigated. The results of the investigations showed that the synthesized H-GQD has excellent stability, selectivity, and linearity range of 0.3 - 12 ppm with a limit of detection of 0.098 ppm. The results of the investigation of real water samples showed that the H-GQD has excellent recovery in the range of 93.3 - 106.6%. Finally, we believe that this H-GQD as a new and highly stable fluorescent probe can be a starting point for its application in various fields and industries to identify benzidine in water samples.