Sensitive Detection Of Hydrazine Research Articles

Poly (L-lactide)-Carboxamide-CoPc with Composite MWCNTs on Glassy Carbon Electrode Sensitive Detection of Hydrazine and L-Cysteine

The novel synthesized tetra Poly (L-lactide) Carboxamide-cobalt (II) phthalocyanine (CoTPLLCAPc) is characterized by various spectral methods and as well as electrochemical investigations. The modified CoTPLLCAPc/MWCNTs/GCE was detecting the nanomolar concentration of Hydrazine in presence of L-Cysteine for detecting the separate cathodic peak potential, the modified electrode is determinations of multi-methods like cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chrono-amperometry (CA) with individual determinations of Hydrazine and L-Cysteine, the low detection limit of Hydrazine (CVs: 0.33, DPV: 0.033, CA: 6 nmol), L-Cysteine (CVs: 1.33, DPV: 1, CA: 3.33 nmol), Linear range; Hydrazine and L-cysteine were (CVs: 2-10, DPV: 1-10, CA: 5-50 nmol L-1), and high sensitivity (CVs: 1.299, DPV: 4.325, CA: 0.945 μAnM-1 cm-2 of hydrazine) and (CVs: 1.719, DPV: 4.193, CA: 0.770 μAnM-1 cm-2 of L-Cysteine), the CoTPLLCAPc/ MWCNTs/GCE was good reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity.

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Derived β-Ni(OH)2 Flakes as Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Hydrazine

Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Derived β-Ni(OH)2 Flakes as Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Hydrazine

Fabrication of an ultra-sensitive hydrazine sensor based on nano-chips shaped nickel hydroxide modified electrodes

To exploit the possibilities provided by the nanostructure morphology of nano-materials in sensing applications, we synthesized nano-chips shaped nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanostructures using hydrothermal method. The nano-chips shaped Ni(OH)2 nanostructure were further utilized to modify the gold working electrode (gold sputtered on glass substrate) to fabricate the hydrazine sensor. The fabricated hydrazine sensor was used for the highly sensitive detection of hydrazine in a water solution. The hydrazine sensor displayed ultra-high sensitivity (1861.25 µA/µM/cm2), a linear response in the concentration range of 0–120 nM, and a lower detection limit (10 nM) during hydrazine sensing. The obtained sensitivity is comparatively higher than any previously reported values. Other features of fabricated hydrazine sensor include a highly reproducible fabrication process, stability, and selectivity. Conceivably, these nano-chips shaped Ni(OH)2 nanostructure hold significant potential for the future applications in nano-material-based chemical/biological sensors.

Synthesis and electrochemistry performance of CuO-functionalized CNTs-rGO nanocomposites for highly sensitive hydrazine detection

In this paper, we have synthesized the cupric oxide functionalized carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide (CuO/CNTs-rGO) nanocomposites by a facile one-pot method. The obtained samples were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. To investigate the electrochemical properties, the as-fabricated sensors were tested toward hydrazine detection by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry methods. The measured results demonstrate that the CuO/CNTs-rGO nanocomposites sensor shows a sensitivity of 4.28 μA·μM−1·cm−2, a linear range of 1.2–430 μM, and detection limit of 0.2 μM toward hydrazine. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity can be attributed to the catalytic properties of CuO and synergistic effect of the ternary nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the as-fabricated CuO/CNTs-rGO sensor also displays good selectivity and long-term stability, which implies its feasibility for practical application.

Highly sensitive detection of hydrazine by a disposable, Poly(Tannic Acid)-Coated carbon electrode

We propose an electrochemical sensor based on the enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation exhibited on a functionalized poly(tannic acid) coating to detect hydrazine. Tannic acid, a naturally abundant and low-cost polyphenol, was enzymatically polymerized with horseradish peroxidase and subsequently adsorbed on a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode with a short incubation time (30 min). The fabrication method proved to be reproducible (4.2 % relative standard deviation), with the sensors displaying high sensitivity (7 × 10-3 μA mm-2 μM-1) and selectivity even in the presence of various common interfering agents. The low detection limit (100 nM) and robustness of the sensor demonstrated its suitability for environmental applications. It can be used to quantify hydrazine in tap and river water samples.

Carbon dots-MnO2 based turn-on fluorescent probe for rapid and sensitive detection of hydrazine in water

Herein, a novel carbon dots-MnO2 assembly based fluorescent probe has been developed for sensitive and rapid detection of hydrazine in aqueous media. The Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based sensing platform was devised by adhering fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) on to MnO2 nanosheets in which MnO2 nanosheets act as a quencher and the inherent fluorescence of CDs gets quenched upon interaction with it by electrostatic interaction. This sensing platform selectively responds to hydrazine in the presence of environmentally relevant amines, metal ions, anions and other competing reducing species such as glutathione (GSH). Strong reducing ability of hydrazine effects quick conversion of Mn4+ in the nanosheets to free Mn2+ ions, which is immediately scavenged by glycine. As MnO2 nanosheets break apart the CDs loose free and go to a disperse phase in aqueous solution to emit greenish-blue fluorescence. A sharp rise in fluorescence intensity at 445 nm was observed upon gradual addition of hydrazine with a linearity range from 0.15 to 1.5 μM and a detection limit of 4.8 ppb for hydrazine was estimated which is below the US-EPA set threshold limit of 10 ppb. This cost-effective sensing tool with complete avoidance of toxic organic solvents for synthesis and fluorimetric studies coupled with high selectivity and sensitivity, rapid detection, low detection limit is a much viable alternative to existing detection tools for on-site detection and quantitation of hydrazine.

Mesoporous Pd|β-SiCNW-nC based home made screen printed electrode for high sensitive detection of hydrazine

β-SiC nanowires (β-SiCNWs) were synthesized by using a simple method and employed for fabricating β-SiCNW-nC hybrid catalyst support. Next, palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were deposited at the surface of the support by using chemical reduction method. The synthesized Pd|β-SiCNW-nC mesoporous electrocatalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and N2 adsorption-desorption experiment. The results indicated that Pd nanoparticles are uniformly deposited at the surface of hybrid support with an average size of 50 nm. The synthesized catalyst was uniformly screen printed on glass electrode by using a novel, simple and cheap method (Pd|β-SiCNW-nC|SPE). The constructed SPE was used for hydrazine detection in real samples. The Pd|β-SiCNW-nC|SPE showed good stability and high electrocatalytic activity for hydrazine oxidation. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) and sensitivity were found to be 0.012 μM and 0.725 μA/μM, respectively.

A novel 'turn-on' coumarin-based fluorescence probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for sensitive detection of hydrazine and its imaging in living cells.

An aggregation-induced emission (AIE)- and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based probe 1 (7‑hydroxy‑3‑(3‑methyl‑isoxazol‑5‑yl)‑chromen‑2‑one) that is highly selective for N2H4 has been synthesized, exhibiting a 'turn-on' response toward N2H4 in CH3CN/H2O solution. The detection limit of the probe was 2.90 ppb, which was evidently lower than the threshold limit value (10 ppb) recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency. Notably, the sensor could be used for the detection of N2H4 in living cells.

Novel urchin-like FeCo oxide nanostructures supported carbon spheres as a highly sensitive sensor for hydrazine sensing application

Herein, we successfully fabricated a novel nanostructure based on hierarchical urchin-like FeCo oxide supported carbon spheres (FeCo Oxide/CSs) via a two-step hydrothermal method followed by a simple annealing step at 300 °C under air. It was found that such urchin-like FeCo Oxide/CSs structure exhibited superior catalytic activity towards hydrazine oxidation to CSs, Fe Oxide/CSs, Co Oxide/CSs, and FeCo Hydroxide/CSs material. In this regard, the FeCo Oxide/CSs displayed a wide linear detection range of 0.1–516.6 μM, low detection limit of 0.1 μM, and long-term stability. The material also showed good selectivity towards hydrazine detection in the presence of various interferences, such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, urea, dopamine, Na+, SO42−, K+, and Cl-. The excellent sensing performance of the FeCo Oxide/CSs was assumed to the unique hierarchical urchin structure with the high density and uniformity of nano-sized FeCo Oxide nanoneedles, which produced massive electroactive sites and enhanced charge transfer ability. The achieved results implied that the FeCo Oxide/CSs may be a great candidate for sensitive hydrazine detection.

Ultrasensitive sensing of hydrazine vapor at sub-ppm level with pyrimidine-substituted perylene diimide film device

A pyrimidine-substituted perylene diimide (Pyrimidine-PDI), in which the electron-deficient N-heterocyclic pyrimidine rings were introduced into the core positions, were synthesized to produce a conductometric film device for the sensitive detection of hydrazine (NH2NH2) vapor at room temperature under ambient conditions. The Pyrimidine-PDI film device exhibited ultrafast response, excellent reproducibility, excellent selectivity and good long-term stability towards hydrazine vapor. The response and recovery time of the device was calculated to be very low as 0.4 s and 0.6 s for hydrazine vapor at sub-ppm level (0.1 ppm). Moreover, the effect of the film thickness, relative humidity and temperature on the sensing performance were also studied. To understand the sensing mechanism, the core-benzene group perylene diimide (Ph-PDI) was also designed as a comparison. The film devices of Pyrimidine-PDI and Ph-PDI to hydrazine vapor were investigated with UV–vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry, which indicated that the redox of PDIs played a critical role in the sensing process. The electrochemical properties also indicated that electron-deficient N-heterocyclic pyrimidine rings could effectively lower the LUMO energy level and improve the response of the device.

A simple camphor based AIE fluorescent probe for highly specific and sensitive detection of hydrazine and its application in living cells

The probe DN exhibited excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards ClO−, and it was successfully used for fluorescence imaging of ClO− in living cells.

Amperometric sensing of hydrazine in environmental and biological samples by using CeO2-encapsulated gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide.

CeO2-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were anchored to reduced graphene oxide (RGO/Au@CeO2) by an interfacial auto-redox reaction in a solution containing tetrachloroauric acid and Ce(III) on a solid support. The resulting material was placed on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and used as an electrochemical hydrazine sensor at trace levels. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified GCE towards hydrazine oxidation was significantly enhanced as compared to only RGO/CeO2, or CeO2-encapsulated AuNPs, or AuNPsloaded on CeO2modified with RGO. This enhancement is attributed to the excellent conductivity and large surface area of RGO, and the strong interaction between the reversible Ce4+/Ce3+ and Auδ+/Au0 redox systems. The kinetics of the hydrazine oxidation was studied by electrochemical methods. The sensor, best operated at a peak voltage of 0.35V (vs. saturated calomel electrode), had a wide linear range (that extends from 10nM to 3mM), a low detection limit(3.0nM), good selectivity and good stability. It was successfully employed for the monitoring of hydrazine in spiked environmental water samples and to in-vitro tracking of hydrazine in cells with respect to its potential cytotoxicity. Graphical abstract CeO2-encapsulated gold nanoparticles anchored on reduced graphene oxide with the strong interaction between the reversible Ce4+/Ce3+ and Auδ+/Au0 reductions can be used for sensitive detection of hydrazine with detection limit of 3nM and good selectivity in environmental and biological samples.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of Fe2O3-MWCNTs/Reduced Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures for Highly Sensitive Hydrazine Detection

Fe2O3 nanorods, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene nanosheets (rGO) have been assembled to form Fe2O3-MWCNTs/rGO hybrid nanostructures for high sensitivity detection of hydrazine. Hydrolysis reaction and annealing were firstly used to grow Fe2O3 nanorods on MWCNTs, resulting in high density Fe2O3 nanorods with a typical diameter of 300 nm and lengths in the range from 100 nm to 200 nm. The electrochemical properties of Fe2O3-MWCNTs/rGO nanostructures were then investigated and both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry showed that Fe2O3-MWCNTs/rGO hybrid nanostructures can be used for hydrazine detection, due to their high sensitivity (4.1 μA·μM−1·cm−2), short response time (3 s), low detection limit (0.048 μM with a S/N = 3) and good linear detection range (0.3 μM–350 μM). Moreover, they also present high selectivity, long-term stability and reproducibility. These characteristics can be attributed to the superimposed catalytic effect and larger specific surface area of the Fe2O3-MWCNTs/rGO hybrid nanostructures, which make them promising for high-performance electrochemical sensing.

Three-dimensional mesoporous hierarchical carbon nanotubes/nickel foam-supported gold nanoparticles as a free-standing sensor for sensitive hydrazine detection

Herein, we successfully developed a novel three-dimensional framework attached carbon nanotubes deposited with high density of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs-CNTs/3DF) through a facile method. The achieved hybrid with an opened hierarchical network was effectively used as a free-standing sensor for hydrazine detection. The catalytic activity of the proposed sensor was impressively higher than those of other surveyed materials, such as CNTs/3DF and Au NPs/3DF. In this regard, the much higher intensity of oxidation current density and negative peak potential were presented for Au NPs-CNTs/3DF towards hydrazine oxidation. Through amperometric measurements, the Au NPs-CNTs/3DF electrode displayed excellent performance for hydrazine determination with wide linear detection range of 0.5 to 483μM, high sensitivity of 1.65μA·μM−1·cm−2, a low detection limit of 1.1μM, along with negligible interference effect. The obtained results suggest that the Au NPs-CNTs/3DF hybrid holds the great prospect for highly sensitive and selective determination of hydrazine in practical applications.

Polythiophene/ZnO nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrode as efficient electrochemical hydrazine sensor

An electrochemical approach was developed for rapid and effective detection of hydrazine using polythiophene (PTh)/ZnO nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The PTh/ZnO nanocomposite was synthesized by a modified sol-gel procedure using F127 structure directing mediator, followed by a chemical oxidative polymerization process. Cyclic voltammetry measurements using the PTh/ZnO modified GCEs revealed remarkable sensing response toward hydrazine compared to either bare GCE or pure ZnO, with diffusion-controlled electrode kinetics. Effective amperometric (i-t) response was achieved for the current modified electrodes, yielding a very rapid response time of <5s with a noticeable sensitivity of 1.22 μAμM−1cm−2 and a correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9983) within a wide linear range of hydrazine concentration from 0.5 up to 48 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated from the electrochemical measurements was found to be 0.207 μM at (S/N = 3), which is well below several earlier reports. Most significantly, the PTh/ZnO modified electrodes showed good operational stability, repeatability and reproducibility and allowed sensitive detection of hydrazine in the presence of several common interfering molecules. The results presented here provide real progress towards further realization of fabricating efficient hydrazine chemical sensors.

Three-dimensional porous self-assembled chestnut-like nickel-cobalt oxide structure as an electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of hydrazine in water samples

Three-dimensional NiCo2O4 is a kind of superior sensing material owing to its high electron transfer capability, large available surface area and numbers of active sites. In this work, NiCo2O4 of the three-dimensional chestnut-like structure were easily achieved through a one step hydrothermal process. Afterwards, the morphology and structure were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the three-dimensional porous chestnut-like NiCo2O4, an electrochemical sensor for hydrazine (N2H4) detection is fabricated. This electrochemical platform can realize good selectivity, excellent stability, high sensitivity (∼2154.4 μA mM-1 cm-2), and low detection limit (0.3 μM), as well as a wide linear range from 1 μM to 1096 μM. The synergistic effect of nickel-cobalt in such mixed transition metal oxides which Co in Co3O4 is partially replaced by Ni are beneficial for enhancing sensing properties. This study proves that three-dimensional porous chestnut-like NiCo2O4 is electrochemically active for catalytic performance which is particular and promising material for good application in the practical detection of N2H4.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation and sensitive detection of hydrazine

A novel electrocatalyst based on amine-functionalized Ti-based metal–organic framework (NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) embedded with Cu3P nanocrystals (denoted by Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti)) was synthesized and used for electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of hydrazine in aqueous solution. A series of Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites were obtained by adding Cu3P nanoparticles into the preparation system of NH2-MIL-125(Ti), with the Cu3P nanocrystals derived from the phospatization of Cu(OH)2 at high temperature. Based on the detailed characterizations and analysis of the chemical and physical performances of the series of Cu3P@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposites at dosages of Cu3P nanocrystals at 5, 20, 50, and 100 mg, the good synergic effect between the Cu3P (50 mg) and the NH2-MIL-125(Ti) endows the as-prepared Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite with the excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine. The Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti)-based electrochemical sensor exhibited a detection limit of 79 nM (S/N = 3) within a wider linear range from 5 µM to 7.5 mM. Moreover, the developed sensor exhibited high selectivity toward the detection of hydrazine with the addition of certain common interferents and good applicability in real samples. All of these results imply that the Cu3P50@NH2-MIL-125(Ti) nanocomposite could be promising for detecting hydrazine and offer potential applications in the field of electroanalytical chemistry.

A Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Detection of Hydrazine and Its Application in Red Wine and Water.

A fluorescent probe, 7-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-4-carbaldehyde (probe 1), was designed and synthesized for the sensitive detection of hydrazine. The addition of N2H4 caused the fluorescence intensity of probe 1 to decrease. The probe's fluorescence was turn-off after adding N2H4, which could be observed under UV light at 365 nm. Moreover, once treated with different concentrations N2H4 solutions, the solution color change could be distinguished, which indicates that probe 1 could be used as a visual sensor for hydrazine. Moreover, probe 1 can be used as a signal tool to determine hydrazine levels in solutions, such as red wine and water.

A fluorescent sensor based on aggregation-induced emission: highly sensitive detection of hydrazine and its application in living cell imaging.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecules eliminate the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) phenomenon effectively and exhibit excellent properties of a fluorescent sensor in the aggregated state. In this paper, an allochroic fluorescent sensor based on AIE molecules with a diphenylacrylonitrile structure was prepared in high yield by a simple procedure. This molecule possessed good AIE properties and exhibited a sensitive sensor ability for aliphatic amines with an obvious color change from orange to blue-green. The detailed investigation on the detection of hydrazine suggested that the detection limit for hydrazine was 3.67 × 10-6 M, and the highly sensitive sensor for hydrazine was not influenced by other species. The sensor mechanism was confirmed by using 1H NMR and MS spectra. The sensor for hydrazine was successfully applied in a test paper, exhibiting good practical application potential for detecting hydrazine. The experiment of living cell imaging suggested that this sensor showed superior bioimaging performance and presented sensitive detection for hydrazine with an obvious color change from orange to blue-green.

A turn-on fluorescent probe based on coumarin-anhydride for highly sensitive detection of hydrazine in the aqueous solution and gas states

In this paper, a new coumarin-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine was rationally designed and successfully synthesized based on the Gabriel reaction. This novel probe enabled highly sensitive and selective detection of hydrazine. The detection limit was 43.6 nM (1.49 ppb). It displayed distinct changes in the intensity of both absorption and emission spectra upon the addition of hydrazine and remarkable color changes can be visually observed. The sensing mechanism of this probe toward hydrazine was characterized by 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. Moreover, with the help of theoretical calculations, the sensing capability of this probe for hydrazine detection was described: the electron structure was modulated by a three-substituted group of coumarin once upon the addition of hydrazine. In addition, a test paper experiment indicated its great potential in environment monitoring.