Sensitive Detection Of Bisphenol Research Articles

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A based on resonance energy transfer between zinc oxide nanoparticles enhanced luminol ECL and silver nanoparticles decorated TiVC MXene

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A based on resonance energy transfer between zinc oxide nanoparticles enhanced luminol ECL and silver nanoparticles decorated TiVC MXene

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A and S in plastic-packaged frozen meat using trimetallic MOF-coated electrospun nanofibers

Detecting endocrine-disrupting phenolic substances like bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) in food products due to leakage from plastic packaging is crucial due to their potential health hazards such as hormonal disruption, metabolic disorders, cancer etc. Despite a wide range of bimetallic and trimetallic MOF-based structures have been developed for the sensitive detection of these pollutants; however, achieving a highly selective and sensitive hybrid system with diverse and effective binding sites for simultaneous and selective monitoring of these pollutants remains challenging. To address this, herein we developed a novel electrode system using thiourea functionalized trimetallic (Fe, Co, and Mn) organic framework (S-FCM-MOF) coated polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibers. Interestingly, the S-functionalization enhances adsorption capacity for BPA and BPS, whereas PCL improves electrical conductivity and charge density across the FCM-MOF-based electrode surface, thus overcoming the challenge of achieving a highly selective and sensitive hybrid system for the simultaneous and precise detection of these pollutants. This synergistic effect leads to high sensitivity (7.0479, 5.9249 μA/μM/cm²), low detection limits (2.57, 2.91 μM), and wide linear ranges (5–365, 5–360 μM) against BPA and BPS, respectively. Furthermore, the S-FCM-MOF@PCL electrode demonstrates high selectivity for BPA and BPS even in presence of interfering species including Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, NO₃⁻, KCl, AA, CA, HQ, PNP, KBr and MgSO₄. This innovative designed electrode is effectively used for sensitive/selective monitoring of BPA and BPS from plastic bag-packaged frozen meat samples with high precision and accuracy, thus ensuring the reliability of our designed sensor.

Fabrication of fluorescence sensor based on semi-covalent dummy molecularly imprinted silica on silane-modified carbon quantum dot for highly selective and sensitive detection of bisphenol A in spirits

Spirits, a Chinese liquor, is susceptible to bisphenol A (BPA) contamination during production and storage. Therefore, developing an accurate and sensitive method for BPA detection in spirits samples is necessary. In this study, a fluorescence sensor (Si-CQDs@DMIPs) with a low detection limit for BPA was synthesized by combining semi-covalent dummy molecular imprinting and silane-modified carbon quantum dot (Si-CQD) techniques. The structure, morphology, and fluorescence properties of Si-CQDs@DMIPs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and fluorescence spectroscopy (FS). The principle of the selective recognition and detection of BPA by the prepared Si-CQDs@DMIPs is that the molecular imprinting layer can selectively capture BPA and quench the fluorescence intensity of Si-CQDs, due to the electron transfer from BPA to the Si-CQDs. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence intensity of Si-CQDs@DMIPs sensor showed a good linear decrease (R2 > 0.99) when BPA concentration was 6–1800 nmol/L, and the detection limit was 0.65 nmol/L (3 σ/S). When applied to spirits samples, Si-CQDs@DMIPs exhibited recovery rates between 81.5% and 93.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) of 3.0–5.8% (spiked at 50, 200, 500, and 1000 nmol/L). Overall, Si-CQDs@DMIPs enable the highly selective and sensitive direct measurement and rapid screening of BPA in spirits.

Self-powered sandwich-type dual-mode sensor built on open bipolar electrode

Here, we developed a self-powered bipolar electrode (SP-BPE) based dual-mode sensor with electrochromic (EC) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) techniques for the visualized and sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). An open BPE with the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) modified electron injection area and the Prussian blue (PB) coated electrochromic area was fabricated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass. A kind of Zr-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66) coated TiO2 heterojunction (TiO2@UiO-66) was used for aptamer (Apt) immobilization and electron generation. BPA was selectively accumulated by MIPs, and subsequently recognized TiO2@UiO-66-Apt quantitatively, resulting in the formation of MIPs/BPA/Apt-TiO2@UiO-66 “sandwich” structure. Under UV-light, electrons were generated from the captured TiO2@UiO-66. For EC visualization measurements, electrons were injected into the PB film, causing a color change without an external power source. The extent of color change was proportional to the number of generated electrons, which correlated with the amount of captured BPA within a concentration range of 10−6–10−11 M. This allowed for the semi-quantification of BPA by naked eyes. For PEC detection, the BPE was used as the working electrode in a three-electrode system. The generated photocurrents signals could be digitally output for BPA with the concentrations ranging from 10−5 to 10−11 M. The SP-BPE sensors showed low background signal, improved selectivity and anti-interference abilities, and have demonstrated excellent performance in quantitative BPA analysis in water samples. They are particularly useful in scenarios where traditional power sources are limited or unavailable, and they offer opportunities for sustainable and environmentally friendly target detection.

Enzyme-free amplified and one-step rapid detection of bisphenol A using dual-terminal labeled split aptamer probes

Novel enzyme-free amplified dual-terminal labeled split aptamer (SPA) probes were developed to achieve one-step rapid and sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). By rational split, the original aptamer was divided into two segments named SPA-a and SPA-b to achieve target-driven self-assembly and form BPA/SPA complex. To achieve enzyme-free signal amplification and improved sensitivity, SPA probes were dual-terminal labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) fluorophores and black hole quencher 2 (BHQ2). Two dual-terminal labeled SPA probes were induced to assemble a ternary complex with BPA to produce fluorescence resonance energy transfer effect, generating the decreased fluorescence intensity. The detection limit of dual-terminal labeled SPA probes was 0.89 ng/mL, which was 24-fold lower than that of single-terminal modification. Meanwhile, these SPA probes showed a rapid response to BPA, which could be completed in 5 min for one-step detection without complex cleaning and separation progress. The recovery rates in real samples were 94.17% to 107.28%. In brief, the dual-terminal labeled SPA probes showed substantial potential for onsite detection of BPA.

Direct and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Bisphenol A in Complex Environmental Samples Using a Simple and Convenient Nanochannel-Modified Electrode.

Rapid, convenient, and sensitive detection of Bisphenol A (BPA) in complex environmental samples without the need for tedious pre-treatment is crucial for assessing potential health risks. Herein, we present an electrochemical sensing platform using a simple nanochannel-modified electrode, which enables the direct and sensitive detection of BPA in complex samples. A vertically ordered mesoporous silica-nanochannel film (VMSF) with high-density nanochannels is rapidly and stably grown on the surface of a electrochemically activated glassy carbon electrode (p-GCE) by using the electrochemically assisted self-assembly (EASA) method. The high antifouling capability of the VMSF/p-GCE sensor is proven by investigating the electrochemical behavior of BPA in the presence of model coexisting interfering molecules including amylum, protein, surfactant, and humic acid. The VMSF/p-GCE sensor can sensitively detect BPA ranged from 50 to 1.0 μM and 1.0–10.0 μM, with low detection limits (15 nM). Owing to the electrocatalytic performance and high potential resolution of p-GCE, the sensor exhibits high selectivity for BPA detection in the presence of common environmental pollutants, including bisphenol S (BPS), catechol (CC), hydroquinone (HQ), and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). In combination with the good antifouling property of the VMSF, direct detection of BPA in environmental water samples and soil leaching solution (SLS) is also realized without separation pretreatment. The developed VMSF/p-GCE sensor demonstrated advantages of simple structure, high sensitivity, good antifouling performance, and great potential in direct electroanalysis of endocrine-disrupting compounds in complex samples.

Study on Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor for Bisphenol a Based on Nb2O5/GO/NiCo

In this paper, a molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor (miecs) for rapid and sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) based on double-layer Nb2O5 / rGO loaded hollow nickel cobalt nanorod modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is proposed for the first time. The NiCo bimetallic nanorods (NiCo) were modified by double-layer Nb2O5 / rGO loaded hollow Ni Co nanorods, which expanded the active region and electronic transmission ability of the sensor signal. Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) could further enhance the electrical signal. Then, MIP was polymerized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) with o-phenylenediamine as monomer and bisphenol A (BPS) as template, and BPA was detected by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). At the same time, the factors affecting the response of the sensor were optimized, and the experimental conditions such as the molar ratio of monomer to template and pH were optimized. The results showed that miecs had good sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and stability to BPA when pH = 7.0 and the molar ratio of monomer to template was 4:1. The recoveries of actual samples (95.9% - 100.9%) and reasonable relative standard deviations (RSD) (3.2% - 4.8%) indicate that the sensor has strong practical potential, and has broad application prospects in the rapid determination of bisphenol A in samples such as metal cans and baby bottles.

Label-free photoelectrochemical sensor based on 2D/2D ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunction for the efficient and sensitive detection of bisphenol A

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor is an emerging technology in analysis as the advantage of fast response, high sensitivity and uncomplicated operation. In this study, an effective label-free PEC sensor for bisphenol A (BPA) detecting is constructed, in which ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunction is prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The characterization outcomes display that the formation of p-n heterojunction helps for promoting the separation efficiency of photo-generated carrier. Under visible light irradiation, the ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 modified electrode exhibits broader liner range from 0.05 mmol/L to 30 mmol/L and lower detection limit of 0.016 µmol/L (S/N=3) with remarkable stability and reproducibility of detection BPA under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, the constructed PEC sensor displays favorable potential for detection of BPA in practical applications.

Fast and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A and 4-n-Octylphenol in Foods Based on a 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)/Gold Nano-Composite Film

Fast and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A and 4-n-Octylphenol in Foods Based on a 2D Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)/Gold Nano-Composite Film

Rapid and sensitive detection of Bisphenol A in water by LF-NMR based on magnetic relaxation switch sensor

A sensitive and rapid method for Bisphenol A (BPA) detection in water is always in high demand. A novel and accurate aptamer-functionalized magnetic relaxation switch (MRS) sensor was developed for the detection of BPA, which is based on the transverse relaxation time (T2) change of water protons that originated from the dispersion/aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Aptamer-functionalized MRS sensor was prepared and characterized. Based on the linear relationship between BPA concentration and the magnetic relaxation characteristic signal (including the T2 attenuation curve, T2W, and T2 distribution), the mono-exponential fitting of Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) decay (T2W) was finally chosen as the magnetic relaxation characteristic detection signal. According to the sensing effect of the aptamer-functionalized MRS sensor for BPA, the concentration of Fe3O4@SiO2 ~ Apt NPs, incubation times, and pH of the detection system were optimized to be 0.005 mg/mL, 15 min and 7, respectively. In the quantitative analysis of BPA, the detection working range was between 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 2.9 ng/mL, which satisfied the safety limit set by China (10 ng/mL) and the European Union (0.6 mg/kg). Besides, the average recoveries of BPA in spiked water samples ranged from 92.6% to 103.1%, the intra-day and inter-day results all showed good precision (RSD values less than 15%). The results indicated that the proposed sensor could be a useful tool for sensitive and accurate analysis of BPA in water.

The Development of a Photothermal Immunochromatographic Lateral Flow Strip for Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A in Food Samples

A novel quantitative photothermal-sensing immunochromatographic assay (PT-ICA) with high sensitivity was developed for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA). Gold acid chloride trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O) was first reduced by citric acid trisodium salt (C6H5Na3O7) to form Au nanoparticles and adsorbed on the surface of black phosphorus nanosheets to form a black phosphorus-Au (BP-Au) complex. The antibody against BPA was then coupled to the BP-Au complex to form the black phosphorus-Au-antibody (BP-Au-Ab) photothermal probe for capturing BPA in samples. During the detection, the precoated antigen BPA-bovine serum albumin (BPA-BSA) on the T line and free BPA molecules in the sample would competitively bind to the limited BP-Au-Ab photothermal probes. After that, the exothermic process under an 808-nm laser was recorded using an infrared thermal imager, which represented the concentration of BPA in the samples. The PT-ICA demonstrated high sensitivity with a limit detection of 0.24 ng/mL, which was 6.25 times lower than that of the visual-ICA. In addition, the assays were highly specific, only minor cross-sensitivity occurred between BPA and 4-cumylphenol. The optimized assay was applied in the detection of BPA in different food samples with recoveries ranging from 75.91 to 119.59%. Finally, the PT-ICA was verified using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The results of the developed assay showed good agreement with that of the ELISA kit. The optimized PT-ICA required a shorter detection time (approximately 30 min) than the ELISA kit (approximately 2 h), which has potential applications in the detection field.

Facet-energy inspired metal oxide extended hexapods decorated with graphene quantum dots: sensitive detection of bisphenol A in live cells.

The development of crystal-facet metal oxide heterostructures has been of great interest owing to their rational design and multifunctional properties at the nanoscale level. Herein, we report a facile solution-based method for the synthesis of single-crystal Cu2O nanostructures (i.e. Cu2O-CuO) as a core. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with varying concentrations are fabricated on the surface of Cu2O extended hexapods (EHPs) in ethanol solution at room temperature via self-assembly, where copper acts as a sacrificial model and a stabilizer as well. The Cu2O crystals displayed a good sensing activity toward BPA oxidation owing to their high energy facets, dangling bonds and great proportion of surface copper atoms. Structural, morphological, chemical and vibrational investigations were performed in detail, presenting high crystallinity of hybrid nanocomposites and Cu2O-CuO heterojunction positions along with the growth of GQDs on the core of Cu2O-CuO crystals. The electrochemical sensing performance of the as-fabricated Cu2O-CuO@GQD EHPs was monitored for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) as an early diagnostic marker and environmental contaminant. The synergistic effects of the boosted surface area, exposed Cu {111} crystallographic planes and mixed copper valences enhance redox reaction kinetics by increasing the electron shuttling rate at the electrode-analyte junction. Benefitting from the improved electrocatalytic activity for BPA oxidation, the electrochemical sensor displayed the lowest limit of detection (≤1 nM), good chemical stability, a broad linear range (2 nM-11 mM), and high sensitivity (636 μA mM-1 cm-2). The Cu2O-CuO@GQD EHP-based sensing platform was used for BPA detection in water and human serum samples. We have also constructed a pioneering electrochemical sensing platform for BPA detection in live cells, which might be used as a marker for early disease diagnosis.

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Bisphenol A Based on Self-Assembly.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that may lead to reproductive disorder, heart disease, and diabetes. Infants and young children are likely to be vulnerable to the effects of BPA. At present, the detection methods of BPA are complicated to operate and require expensive instruments. Therefore, it is quite vital to develop a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method to detect BPA in different samples. In this study, we have designed a rapid and highly sensitive biosensor based on an effective self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and alternating current (AC) electrokinetics capacitive sensing method, which successfully detected BPA at nanomolar levels with only one minute. The developed biosensor demonstrates a detection of BPA ranging from 0.028 μg/mL to 280 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) down to 0.028 μg/mL in the samples. The developed biosensor exhibited great potential as a portable BPA biosensor, and further development of this biosensor may also be useful in the detection of other small biochemical molecules.

Ultrasound assisted magnetic imprinted polymer combined sensor based on carbon black and gold nanoparticles for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of Bisphenol A

Sample preparation is considered as one of the most interesting applications of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MagMIP) used as adsorbents for various compounds prior to their determination using the developed analytical techniques. In this context, we present in this paper a developed Ultrasound-assisted magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (US-MagMIP) combined to an electrochemical sensor modified with a nanocomposite of carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs), and Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for highly selective and sensitive detection of Bisphenol A (BPA). The electrochemical characterization of the developed sensor was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Various parameters were optimized such as the effect of voltammetric mode, the effect of pH, the amount of US-MagMIP and the rebinding time. The electrochemical sensor exhibits a high sensitivity for BPA with a LOD of 8.8 nM with a wide linear range from 0.07 μM to 10 μM. Moreover, this sensor provides a high selectivity towards various likely interferents by combination with US-MagMIP prior to analysis. The developed analytical approach was applied successfully for determination of BPA in Tap and mineral water samples.

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A by coupling solid phase microextraction based on monolayer graphene-coated Ag nanoparticles on Si fibers to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

In this work, a facile method coupling solid phase microextraction (SPME) with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed for the detection of trace bisphenol A (BPA). Monolayer graphene-coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were fabricated on the Si fiber, which made the Si fiber retain functions of both as a SERS-active substrate and SPME fiber to realize in situ rapid determination of BPA. The SERS-active SPME fiber was immersed in water to extract BPA prior to its detection by SERS. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the uniformity and the reproducibility of the SERS-active SPME fiber are 14% and 13%, respectively. The characteristic SERS intensity versus BPA concentration showed a linear relationship (R2 = 0.958). Due to the combination of the SERS method with SPME, this method exhibits extremely high sensitivity and excellent stability for the detection of BPA, with a limit of detection as low as 1 μg L−1. The method was successfully used for the determination of BPA in water samples with spiked recoveries ranging from 97% to 110%. Compared to the conventional SERS methods used for the detection of BPA, the present method not only retains the advantages of SERS but also provides several unique advantages including preconcentration of analytes, separation of analyte from sample matrices and improvement of sensitivity, thus making its promising application in environmental analysis of BPA.

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A in drinking water and river water using an upconversion nanoparticles-based fluorescence immunoassay in combination with magnetic separation

NaYF4:Yb/Tm upconversion nanoparticles-based fluorescence immunoassay in combination with magnetic separation for detecting bisphenol A in drinking and river water samples.

Gold nanoparticle-dotted, ionic liquid-functionalised, carbon hybrid material for ultra-sensitive detection of bisphenol A

Environmental contextBisphenol A, an important industrial material widely used as a plasticiser, fire retardant and resin polymer material, can cause endocrine disorders and precocious puberty. We developed a portable and efficient method for determining bisphenol A, and apply it to the detection of bisphenol A in bottles for infants and young children. AbstractA highly effective electrochemical sensor was developed for the highly sensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The sensor is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a composite comprising 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazole hydrobromide (an ionic liquid, IL)-functionalised grapheme oxide (GO) to which gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carboxylic acid-functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNT) were absorbed. The negatively charged carboxylic acid-functionalised CNTs and AuNPs are adsorbed on the positively charged GO-IL composite film by electrostatic adsorption. The as-prepared GO-IL-CNT-AuNP hybrid nanocomposites exhibit excellent water solubility owing to the high hydrophilicity of the GO-IL components. Moreover, the excellent conductivity is attributed to the good conductivity of the IL, CNT and AuNP components. The hydrid materials enhance the preconcentration efficiency of BPA and accelerate the electron transfer rate at the electrode–electrolyte interface, as such the resultant fabricated electrochemical sensor displays a fast, stable and sensitive detection performance for trace amounts of BPA. Differential pulse voltammetry was used as a sensitive analytical method for the determination of BPA, and a much wider linear dynamic range of BPA determination was found between 5 and 100nM. The limit of detection for BPA was found down to 1.5nM based on a signal to nose ratio of 3. The modified electrode was successfully employed to detect BPA extracted from a plastic water bottle and milk carton.

Rapid and sensitive detection of bisphenol a from serum matrix

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting compound that may have adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune system effects. Low-level exposure to BPA is ubiquitous in human populations due to its widespread use in consumer products. Therefore, highly sensitive methods are needed to quantify BPA in various matrices including water, serum, and food products. In this study, we developed a simple, rapid, highly sensitive and specific sensor based on an aptamer probe and AC electrokinetics capacitive sensing method that successfully detected BPA at femto molar (fM) levels, which is an improvement over prior work by a factor of 10. We were able to detect BPA spiked in human serum as well as in maternal and cord blood within 30s. The sensor is responsive to BPA down to femto molar levels, but not to structurally similar compounds including bisphenol F (BPF) or bisphenol S (BPS) even at much higher concentration. Further development of this platform may prove useful in monitoring exposure to BPA and other small molecules in various matrices.

A novel microfluidic paper-based colorimetric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer membranes for highly selective and sensitive detection of bisphenol A

A novel microfluidic paper-based colorimetric sensor for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) was developed based on the intrinsic peroxidase activity of ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 MNPs) and the adsorption capacity of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes. In the process, ZnFe2O4 MNPs and cellulose fibers in paper were wrapped by MIP membranes (ZnFe2O4@MIP membranes) successfully. Novel MIP membranes for the recognition of BPA were prepared in polar solvent using acrylamide as the functional monomer and BPA as the template by bulk polymerization, which resulted in a new type of BPA imprinted polymer membranes. Adsorption isotherms model of MIP membranes was employed to describe the isotherms, and maximum adsorption capacity was evaluated. In the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), the as-prepared ZnFe2O4 MNPs peroxidase mimetics was used to catalyze chromogenic reactions and showed the color with respective intensity. Under optimized conditions, the grey intensity was found to be proportional to the BPA concentrations in the range of 10 nM–1000nM (R2=0.9945) with a detection limit of 6.18nM. With the advantages of highly reproducible response, good selectivity and excellent regeneration, the colorimetric sensor holds great potential for portable detection of targets in environmental monitoring, security inspection and complicated matrices.

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A based on a ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor

A new ratiometric electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for highly sensitive and selective detection of bisphenol A (BPA). The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), consisting of the BPA aptamer (DNA1) and methylene blue (MB)-labeled complementary DNA (cDNA), was immobilized on a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode. In the presence of BPA, the specific BPA–aptamer interaction drove the release of the MB-labeled cDNA from the electrode surface. As a result, the oxidation peak current of MB (IMB) decreased and that of BPA (IBPA) increased. The peak current ratio (IBPA/IMB) of BPA and MB was linear with the concentration of BPA in the range from 1 to 100 pmol/L with a detection limit of 0.6 pmol/L. The detection limit is much lower than that obtained by most of the reported electrochemical methods. On the other hand, the developed aptasensor possesses good selectivity, reproducibility, and stability, and the related sensing structure is very simple, showing promising practical applications in BPA assays.