Sensitive Components Research Articles

Spatial Distribution of Intracluster Light versus Dark Matter in Horizon Run 5

One intriguing approach for studying the dynamical evolution of galaxy clusters is to compare the spatial distributions among various components such as dark matter, member galaxies, gas, and intracluster light (ICL). Utilizing the recently introduced weighted overlap coefficient (WOC), we analyze the spatial distributions of components within 174 galaxy clusters (M tot > 5 × 1013 M ⊙, z = 0.625) at varying dynamical states in the cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon Run 5. We observe that the distributions of gas and the combination of ICL with the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) closely resembles the dark matter distribution, particularly in more relaxed clusters, characterized by the half-mass epoch. The similarity in spatial distribution between dark matter and BCG+ICL mimics the changes in the dynamical state of clusters during a major merger. Notably, at redshifts >1, BCG+ICL traced dark matter more accurately than the gas. Additionally, we examined the one-dimensional radial profiles of each component, which show that the BCG+ICL is a sensitive component revealing the dynamical state of clusters. We propose a new method that can approximately recover the dark matter profile by scaling the BCG+ICL radial profile. Furthermore, we find a recipe for tracing dark matter in unrelaxed clusters by including the most massive satellite galaxies together with the BCG+ICL distribution. Combining the BCG+ICL and the gas distribution enhances the dark matter tracing ability. Our results imply that the BCG+ICL distribution is an effective tracer for the dark matter distribution, and the similarity of the spatial distribution may be a useful probe of the dynamical state of a cluster.

DEMO toroidal field coil fast discharge unit integration studies

The Fast Discharge Units (FDUs) of the Superconducting (SC) Toroidal Field (TF) coils in the European demonstration fusion power plant DEMO warrant the machine integrity over its full lifetime against severe failure events, such as SC coil quenches or any other plant events requiring the safe TF magnet system discharge. A low (75 kA) and a high current (105 kA) configuration are under study for the TF coils for DEMO. The FDUs must be extremely reliable for the purpose of commutating in short time (∼1 s) the currents and to discharge the TF magnets safely into resistors outside of the tokamak building. Malfunctions of the FDUs must be avoided. The FDUs are considered as Safety Important Class (SIC) components that need to discharge high amounts of energy of about 161 GJ (@75 kA) resp. 118 GJ (@105 kA) stored in the DEMO TF coils.The TF FDUs Circuit Breakers (CBs) shall be installed in the lower level of the tokamak to minimize the length of the connecting busbars. The FDUs integration is challenging because of the high neutron and gamma radiation and stray magnetic fields of the tokamak.Since in DEMO the neutron fluence over lifetime is much higher than in ITER, the problems of using FDUs with electronic subsystems was expected to be more severe, so that their integration has been considered from the beginning of the DEMO project. Sufficient shielding or possible re-positioning of the whole FDUs or sensitive FDU components compared to ITER are being investigated, to reduce the neutron fluxes and neutron and gamma ray fluences. Alternative concepts, e.g., fully mechanical CBs are studied in the EUROfusion Work Package Plant Electrical System (WPPES) in parallel.This paper presents the CAD integration work on the DEMO TF FDUs supported by neutronics assessments. It is assumed the same FDU technology as in ITER. The magnet feeder´s integration is commenced at the same time.

Revealing soil microbial ecophysiological indicators in acidic environments laden with heavy metals via predictive modeling: Understanding the impacts of black diamond excavation

Appraising the activity of soil microbial community in relation to soil acidity and heavy metal (HM) content can help evaluate it's quality and health. Coal mining has been reported to mobilize locked HM in soil and induce acid mine drainage. In this study, agricultural soils around coal mining areas were studied and compared to baseline soils in order to comprehend the former's effect in downgrading soil quality. Acidity as well as HM fractions were significantly higher in the two contaminated zones as compared to baseline soils (p < 0.01). Moreover, self-organizing and geostatistical maps show a similar pattern of localization in metal availability and soil acidity thereby indicating a causal relationship. Sobol sensitivity, cluster, and principal component analyses were employed to enunciate the relationship between the various metal and acidity fractions with that of soil microbial properties. The results indicate a significant negative impact of metal bioavailability, and acidity on soil microbial activity. Lastly, Taylor diagrams were employed to predict soil microbial quality and health based on soil physicochemical inputs. The efficiency of several machine learning algorithms was tested to identify Random Forrest as the best model for prediction. Thus, the study imparts knowledge about soil pollution parameters, and acidity status thereby projecting soil quality which can be a pioneer in sustainable agricultural practices.

Clinic-based evaluation of the dual Xpert CT/NG assay on the GeneXpert System for screening for extragenital chlamydial and gonococcal infections amongst men who have sex with men

BackgroundChlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections have increased globally. Asymptomatic infections represent a significant risk of long-term complications. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionally affected, underscoring the need to offer screening programmes to this population. CT/NG Point of Care Testing (POCT) constitutes a strategic tool to improve the continuum of STI care, however extensive real-life evaluations amongst at risk populations are lacking. The aim of this study is to estimate the GeneXpert CT/NG assay performance and usability for CT and NG at genital and extragenital sites for screening amongst MSM.MethodsThis study was a multi-site sexual health clinic-based evaluation (Italy, Malta and Peru) with consecutive enrolment. A first void urine sample (divided in two aliquots), two oropharyngeal and two anorectal swabs were collected for each study participant. One specimen set (one for each anatomical site) was tested with the dual index test (Cepheid) at the clinics by the healthcare staff, the other set with FDA/CE approved Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs) at the laboratory. Clinical sites and reference laboratories participated in an internal and external quality control programme. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values for each anatomical site were estimated using a meta-analytic approach.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred two MSM were recruited across all clinical sites for a total of 5049 biological specimens. NG and CT were respectively detected in 274 and 287 of samples. Overall, the NG POCT sensitivity and specificity was 91.43% and 99.75% in urine (LR + 372.80, LR- 0.09), 89.68% and 99.55% in rectal specimens (LR + 197.30, LR- 0.10) and 75.87% and 98.77% at the pharynx respectively (LR + 61.94, LR- 0.24). The CT component of the POCT sensitivity was 84.82% and specificity 99.63% in urine (LR + 228.68, LR- 0.15), 78.07% and 99.19% respectively on rectal site (LR + 96.23, LR-0.22), 67.79% and 99.88% respectively at pharyngeal site (LR + 554.89, LR- 0.32). 95.95% of MSM reported to be willing to wait for POCT results and no provider reported difficulties in terms of performance or interpretation of the results of the Xpert CT/NG.ConclusionRapid turnaround time, ease of use and high acceptability make the Xpert CT/NG testing system a strategic tool for increasing testing frequency, reaching those not yet tested and offering the possibility of immediate treatment if needed. The assay showed good negative likelihood ratios and confirms its use to rule out CT/NG infections. Sensitivity varied across sites and pathogens. Periodic staff training at the testing sites should be mandatory.

Are we finally starting to unravel the mystery of the mechanically sensitive component of the exercise pressor reflex?

Are we finally starting to unravel the mystery of the mechanically sensitive component of the exercise pressor reflex?

Early pitting fault detection for polymer gears using kurtosis-VMD based condition indicators

The vibration signals of a polymer gear are considerably weak and susceptible to ambient noise at the early stage of the fault, which makes the fault difficult to detect. Efficient detection of an early fault in a polymer gear may improve the operation safety of the machinery system that utilizes it for power transmission. This study introduces an innovative approach for the early detection of pitting faults in polymer gears, utilizing condition indicators (CIs) derived from kurtosis-variational mode decomposition (VMD). First, the vibration signal of the polymer gear is decomposed using VMD into several components. Second, the sensitive components are selected to construct a new signal from the first two largest kurtosis values. Third, the CIs are extracted from newly constructed signals, and envelope spectrum analysis is performed. It is observed from the results that the kurtosis-VMD based CIs are effective in the early pitting fault detection of polymer gears. Finally, it is found that the proposed method performs better in all operating conditions considered in the experiment, compared with raw signal and kurtosis-empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based analysis. The proposed method’s response to noise is also explored. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared with the existing time synchronous averaging (TSA), difference, and residual methods.

A novel robust intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on SPAVMD and WOA-LSSVM under noisy conditions

Aiming at the problem that the fault information of rolling bearings under harsh operation environment is easily submerged by strong noise interference, which causes the traditional method to be difficult to identify bearing faults effectively, this paper proposes a novel robust intelligent fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings based on sparsity-assisted parameter adjustable variational mode decomposition (VMD) and whale optimization algorithm-based optimized least-squares support vector machine (WOA-LSSVM). Firstly, a sparsity measurement named the improved Gini index is introduced as the fitness function of grid search algorithm to adaptively adjust and search for the optimal decomposed mode number K and penalty factor α of VMD. Additionally, VMD containing the optimal parameters is adopted to decompose the original bearing vibration signal into several intrinsic mode function (IMF), and the effective signal reconstruction is performed by screening the sensitive IMF components according to the effective weighted kurtosis Gini index criterion. Subsequently, the refine composite multi-scale dispersion entropy of the reconstructed signal is further calculated to establish a multi-dimensional feature vector set. Finally, the constructed feature vector set is fed into the WOA-LSSVM to achieve automatic fault identification of rolling bearings. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by two experimental examples. Experimental results show that the proposed method has higher fault recognition accuracy and better robustness against noise than other homologous methods in noisy conditions. This study provides a new perspective for the developing of robust diagnosis methods.

Feature Extraction of Flow Sediment Content of Hydropower Unit Based on Voiceprint Signal

The hydropower turbine parts running in the sand-bearing flow will experience surface wear, leading to a decline in the hydropower unit’s stability, mechanical performance, and efficiency. A voiceprint signal-based method is proposed for extracting the flow sediment content feature of the hydropower unit. Firstly, the operating voiceprint information of the hydropower unit is obtained, and the signal is decomposed by the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) algorithm, and a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. Combined with correlation analysis, more sensitive IMF components are extracted and input into a convolutional neural network (CNN) for training, and the multi-dimensional output of the fully connected layer of CNN is used as the feature vector. The k-means clustering algorithm is used to calculate the eigenvector clustering center of the hydropower unit with a clean flow state and a high sediment content state, and the characteristic index of the hydropower unit sediment content is constructed based on the Euclidean distance method. We define this characteristic index as SI, and the change in the SI value can reflect the degree of sediment content in the flow of the unit. A higher SI value indicates a lower sediment content, while a lower SI value suggests a higher sediment content. Combined with the sediment voiceprint data of the test bench, when the water flow changed from clear water to high sediment flow (1.492 × 105 mg/L), the SI value decreased from 1 to 0.06, and when the water flow with high sediment content returned to clear water, the SI value returned to 1. The experiment proves the effectiveness of the method. The extracted feature index can be used to detect the flow sediment content of the hydropower unit and give early warning in time, so as to improve the maintenance level of the hydropower unit.

Place attachment mediates links between pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors among visitors to Mt. Bukhan National Park, South Korea.

Efforts to understand visitors' participation in pro-environmental behaviors (PEB) are important for protected area management. Previous research in nature-based recreation settings suggests environmental attitudes may affect PEB, and that these relationships might be mediated by different dimensions of place attachment (place identity and place dependence). We used structural equation modeling to test the mediating effect of hikers' place attachment in the relationship between environmental attitudes and PEBs that occur within (on-site) and outside a protected area (off-site): Mt. Bukhan National Park in South Korea. Results showed that cognitive (environmental knowledge) and affective (environmental sensitivity) components of environmental attitudes were significant predictors for place attachment. Place identity was linked to off-site PEB, while place dependence was a key antecedent for both off-site and on-site PEBs. Our findings could help researchers and practitioners better understand how place attachment forms and how it can impact outdoor recreationists' behavior, ultimately helping to promote PEBs and facilitate sustainable management goals.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST OF POSTERIOR SEGMENT OCULAR EXAMINATION ON THE SEVERITY OF PEDIATRIC ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL) AT DR. MOHAMMAD HOESIN GENERAL HOSPITAL PALEMBANG

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the highest incidence of all cancers in children. Ocular involvement can diagnose the development of the disease. Patients with ALL often have ocular manifestations either resulting from direct infiltration or indirect causes of neoplastic cells. The aim of this study to diagnose from posterior segment findings on disease severity in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at Muhammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang&#x0D; Methods: A diagnostic test to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of posterior segment findings in disease severity diagnostic of pediatric patients with ALL from November 2021 to May 2022. Posterior segment findings that were evaluated included retinal hemorrhages, roth spots, exudate and papilledema. Disease severity of pediatric ALL is divided into high risk and standard risk. All data were analyzed using SPPS version 22.0&#x0D; Results: There were 68 patients who selected by inclusion criteria. A total of 30 (44.1%) subjects with high risk and 38 (55.9%) with standard risk. in this study there is no patient have papilledema and only one patient (1.5%) has retinal hemorrhage, roth spot and exudate. From statistical analysis, it was found that the three posterior findings had a sensitivity of 0% and a specificity of 97.4%.&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of this study show that the findings of the posterior eye segment can be used as a screening tool for the severity of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, because only one component of sensitivity and specificity has a value of &gt; 80%.

Wind-Induced Vibration Analysis of a Pentagonal Three–Four Strut Hybrid Open-Type Cable Dome

Previous research has confirmed that the newly proposed pentagonal three–four strut hybrid cable dome exhibits superior static performance compared to traditional cable domes, though its dynamic characteristics still require further study. Cable domes are wind-sensitive structures, and the results of a wind-induced vibration analysis are beneficial for the selection and construction of cable domes. In this study, a finite element model of a new open-type cable dome with a span of 120 m is established. The MATLAB 2017a programming language is employed to simulate pulsating winds, followed by a nonlinear dynamic analysis to analyze the wind-induced vibrations of the structure. The reliability of the pulsating wind model is confirmed by comparing the simulated spectrum with the target spectrum. Moreover, a wind-induced vibration time history analysis is performed to obtain the node displacement and internal force of components wind vibration coefficients, aiding in the approximation of pulsating winds with average winds in a wind-resistant design. Furthermore, a parametric analysis is carried out, ranking nodes and components based on sensitivity. The result shows that the structure exhibits the strongest wind resistance when the rise–span ratio is f/l=0.07 and the thickness–span ratio is h/l=0.08. Notably, the outer upper chord node, 2a, and the inner lower chord hoop cable, H1, are identified as the most sensitive node and component within the structure, respectively. Overall, the structure demonstrates excellent wind resistance performance, and the maximum wind vibration coefficient value remains below 3.

Impact of Component Improvements Within a Next Generation sCO2 CSP Plant

Several component improvements within a next-generation CSP plant were investigated in the German-project, HelioGLOW, to determine their impact on the system performance. To accomplish this, multiple configurations of an upgraded CRS plant with four different components were parameterized and simulated using a transient simulation model. The four components introduced to the plant as upgrades are: a high temperature solid body receiver, an air curtain that reduces convection losses, a supercritical CO2 power cycle that can operate at a range of temperatures, and an advanced heliostat field. With the result of multiple annual simulations under various operating conditions, configuration optima, performance sensitivity and specific component improvements were identified.

Impact of homeostatic body hydration status, evaluated by hemodynamic measures, on different pain sensitization paths to a chronic pain syndrome

Contrasting findings on the mechanisms of chronic pain and hypertension development render the current conventional evidence of a negative relationship between blood pressure (BP) and pain severity insufficient for developing personalized treatments. In this interdisciplinary study, patients with fibromyalgia (FM) exhibiting clinically normal or elevated BP, alongside healthy participants were assessed. Different pain sensitization responses were evaluated using a dynamic 'slowly repeated evoked pain' (SREP) measure, as well as static pain pressure threshold and tolerance measures. Cardiovascular responses to clino-orthostatic (lying-standing) challenges were also examined as acute re- and de-hydration events, challenging cardiovascular and cerebrovascular homeostasis. These challenges involve compensating effects from various cardiac preload or afterload mechanisms associated with different homeostatic body hydration statuses. Additionally, hair cortisol concentration was considered as a factor with an impact on chronic hydration statuses. Pain windup (SREP) and lower pain threshold in FM patients were found to be related to BP rise during clinostatic (lying) rehydration or orthostatic (standing) dehydration events, respectively. These events were determined by acute systemic vasoconstriction (i.e., cardiac afterload response) overcompensating for clinostatic or orthostatic cardiac preload under-responses (low cardiac output or stroke volume). Lower pain tolerance was associated with tonic blood pressure reduction, determined by permanent hypovolemia (low stroke volume) decompensated by permanent systemic vasodilation. In conclusion, the body hydration status profiles assessed by (re)activity of systemic vascular resistance and effective blood volume-related measures can help predict the risk and intensity of different pain sensitization components in chronic pain syndrome, facilitating a more personalized management approach.

Trends in electricity prices and their relation to the competitiveness and efficiency in EU countries

Europe is emerging from a deep financial and economic crisis and it is widely agreed that stronger European industrial competitiveness is vital as a driver for economic growth and job creation. In this regard, while ensuring the achievement of essential climate and environmental objectives, it is now recognised that it is imperative to ensure that EU energy Union is shaped in such a way to guarantee, not only security of supply for all consumers, but also stable and affordable energy prices for European businesses. This article offers the opportunity to analyse, all the crucial and sensitive components of the prices of energy in some UE countries: economic, financial and technological conditions required to develop renewable energy and other domestic energy resources in order to reduce European dependence on third-country suppliers; development of infrastructure and internal as well as cross-border interconnections; overhaul of national practices on energy levies, tax components of energy prices and network costs; moderation of energy demand and increase of energy efficiency.

Molecular diagnostic strategies and management of dust mite allergy

Dust mites are one of the most important allergens, widely distributed around the world, especially in household environments. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis are the most common species of dust mites. There are more than 35 known sensitization components of dust mites, among which Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 are the major components. Clinically, allergen skin test and serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection are widely used in the preliminary diagnosis of dust mite allergy. However, these methods cannot accurately identify specific dust mite sensitization components. Considering that there are significant differences in the allergenic components of dust mites in different regions and populations, component-resolved diagnosis of dust mite is particularly important in accurately determining the allergenic components. This is not only of guiding significance for allergen avoidance, but also important for determining the immunotherapy regimen for dust mites. In order to strengthen the understanding of the molecular diagnosis of dust mites and promote the integration of allergy science in China with the international standards, this article interprets the "Allergy Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0" published recently by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КОМПОНЕНТОВ МЕЖЛИЧНОСТНОЙ ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТИ НА ОЦЕНКУ ЖЕНЩИНАМИ-СТУДЕНТАМИ КРАСОТЫ СВОЕГО ТЕЛОСЛОЖЕНИЯ

The article considers the problem of differentiated influence of a complex of factors, including the expression of components of interpersonal sensitivity, on the perception and evaluation of the beauty of the physique, as well as the influence of a complex of factors consisting of the identification of the physique with a certain type, of the evaluation of the conformity of the idea of one’s physique to that of a beautiful woman, and of self-assessments of the beauty of the physique. On the empirical level, the problem was resolved by conducting a three-stage study. It involved 217 young female students, aged 17 to 23 years (Mage =19, 25; SD=1.514). The research methods employed included the “Interpersonal Sensitivity Questionnaire”, developed by F. Boyce, G. Parker and adapted by A. Y. Razvalyaeva, N. A. Polskaya (2021), and the questionnaire “The Perception of one’s body,” created by D. V. Pogontseva (2019). The mathematical procedures used were as follows: descriptive statistics; rank transformation procedure, which was utilized to ascertain the levels of expression of components of interpersonal sensitivity, indicators of perception and evaluation of the beauty of the physique (low, medium, high) corresponding to the sample of study participants; one-way ANOVA; correlation analysis. The research findings indicated that the intensity of the impact of the variables under study is determined by a set of dependent and non-dependent variables. Furthermore, three sets of factors that differ in the intensity of impact were identified. Young female students’ evaluations of their physical attractiveness have the strongest impact on their fear of rejection in interpersonal relationships (F =14.613, P=0.000) and their conformity of self-image to the ideal of a beautiful woman (F =13.219, P=0.000). The index of the expression of interpersonal sensitivity on girls’ evaluations of the beauty of their physique (F =12.952, P=0.000) was also found to be integral to the expression of fear of rejection in interpersonal relationships (F =13.219, P=0.000). Conclusion: The hypothesis that interpersonal sensitivity components exert intensity-differentiated influences on perceptions and evaluations of physique beauty, and that these influences are differentially expressed in interpersonal sensitivity, was confirmed.

Development of a suction gripper network based on the biological role model of an octopus

The handling of fragile, sensitive or flexible components in assembly technology and production requires grippers that are designed for gentle handling of the objects to be gripped. Suction grippers are still a widespread standard solution for this purpose. However, rising energy prices are making pneumatic grippers, which work with a central upstream compressed air supply, increasingly unattractive. The generation of the compressed air itself, the mostly leaky transmission and the relatively inefficient vacuum generation are cost drivers that many users would like to avoid. Consequently, vacuum-based gripper means are required for industrial production, which work without externally generated compressed air. At the Fraunhofer IWU, a compressed-air-free suction pad composite has been developed that enables gripping of components with a wide variety of shapes. The underlying concept is inspired by the function of the suction arms (tentacles) of an octopus. By evacuating several small volume areas, which can be individually mechanically actuated, safe and sensitive gripping of objects is possible. For the generation of the vacuum, a piston system and a principle of an artificial muscle were developed, which is controlled based on shape memory alloys.

Is climate migration successful adaptation or maladaptation? A holistic assessment of outcomes in Kenya

Research is increasingly approaching migration as an adaptation to climate risk. Yet our understanding of the migration-adaptation nexus remains limited, as most studies conceptualize migration as either adaptive or maladaptive and focus on specific aspects of vulnerability. To advance a comprehensive understanding of migration’s successful and maladaptive effects, this study employs a two-dimensional conceptualization of migration outcomes, encompassing a range of vulnerability variables at the migrant and household levels and migrants’ well-being. This framework is applied to the case of drought-influenced migration from agro-pastoralist northern Kenya to the City of Nairobi. Based on semi-structured interviews with 40 long-term migrants, we identify quantitative and qualitative migration-induced changes in the examined variables.The results highlight the complexity of migration outcomes. Effects on the broad range of variables comprising vulnerability’s exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity components are mixed. Migrants’ ability to provide their families’ basic needs has improved, although only half of the households could allocate remittances to reconstruct their drought-stricken livelihood sources in northern Kenya. Moreover, the profound change in social-environmental settings induced by migration exposed migrants to unfamiliar risks, such as urban crime, but also to new sources of adaptive capacity, such as knowledge enabling the development of climate-insensitive livelihoods. However, migration’s partial success in reducing vulnerability came at the expense of migrants’ well-being, which diminished drastically. These findings stress the need for fundamental changes in the migration-as-adaptation literature, including a more thorough engagement with the temporalities and scope of migration’s effects on adaptation, greater attention to the tradeoffs that are integral to migration as adaptation, and a shift to analytical frameworks that consider maladaptive effects alongside successful ones. We argue that these changes are essential to develop interventions that maximize migration’s adaptive potential while minimizing its maladaptive effects.

Diagnosis of anemia using non-invasive anemia detector through parametrical analysis

Anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin levels, affects a significant portion of the global population, particularly children and women in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Traditional hematological tests for diagnosing anemia can be invasive, costly, and resource-intensive. This study presents the development of a wearable, non-invasive anemia detector utilizing infrared (IR) technology. The device integrates a NodeMCU microcontroller, an OLED display, a buck converter, an IR transmitter, and a receiver in a compact, wearable package. The IR system measures hemoglobin levels by analyzing the absorption of infrared light emitted through the skin, typically on a fingertip or earlobe. The NodeMCU processes the light absorption data using sophisticated algorithms to determine hemoglobin concentration and facilitates wireless data transfer to smartphones or cloud servers for further analysis. The device is designed with energy efficiency in mind, utilizing a buck converter to ensure optimal power distribution to sensitive components. The OLED display provides users with clear, real-time feedback on their hemoglobin levels, offering a user-friendly interface. Initial testing and calibration with known hemoglobin concentrations demonstrated strong correlations between device readings and traditional lab tests. The device employs a hierarchical ensemble classifier to categorize individuals as healthy, mildly anemic, or severely anemic, aligning with clinical standards. The non-invasive nature of this device, combined with its portability and cost-effectiveness, makes it an ideal solution for point-of-care anemia detection, particularly in resource-limited settings. The integration of IR technology, microcontroller processing, and wireless communication presents a practical tool for healthcare providers, facilitating rapid anemia screening and ongoing monitoring. This innovation holds the potential to improve patient outcomes by enabling early detection and intervention in anemia management.

Analysis of the Parallel Seam Welding Process by Developing a Directly Coupled Multiphysics Simulation Model

Parallel seam welding (PSW) is the most commonly employed encapsulation technology to ensure hermetic sealing and to safeguard sensitive electronic components. However, the PSW process is complicated by the presence of multiphysical phenomena and nonlinear contact problems, making the analysis of the dynamics of the PSW process highly challenging. This paper proposes a multiphysics simulation model based on direct coupling, enabling the concurrent coupling of the electric field, temperature field, and structural field to facilitate the analysis of the thermal and electrical dynamics within the PSW process. First, this paper conducts an in-depth theoretical analysis of thermal and electrical contact interactions at all contact interfaces within the PSW process, taking into account material properties related to temperature. Second, the acquired data are integrated into a geometric model encompassing electrode wheels and ceramic packaging components, facilitating a strongly coupled multiphysics simulation. Finally, the experimental results show that the simulated weld area deviates by approximately 6.5% from the actual values, and the highest component temperature in the model exhibits an approximate 10.8% difference from the actual values, thus validating the accuracy of the model. This directly coupled multiphysics simulation model provides essentially a powerful tool for analyzing the dynamic processes in the PSW process.