Sense Of Territoriality Research Articles

Cultural life and needs of high school children in Serbia

The research on cultural life and needs of the high school children in Serbia showed that the activities that can be listed under public cultural life domain are not favourite pastimes of high school children. They usually spend their leisure time in activities that take place in the so-called private sphere (watching TV and listening to music, doing sports and using computers) and require less financial resources. This is best illustrated by the fact that most of them very rarely or never visit museums (85.8%), book reading events (84.5%), galleries (79.0%), theatres (77.8%) or cultural- historic monuments and archeological sites (74.0 %). As major reasons for failing to participate they listed lack of interest, lack of free time, inadequate contents of the cultural offer and lack of money. In addition to this youth group which practically takes no part in the public cultural life, there is also a smaller group which frequents cultural institutions and visits cultural events, making about 8.5 to 10% of this population (statistical estimate). Among them, 3.5% to 5.5% participate in public cultural life at least once a month. Generally speaking, most of these young people do not participate in the public cultural life, although we still cannot speak of their total absence from the public cultural life in entirety. This trend of most young people in Serbia abstaining from public cultural life can have grave consequences for the future of this social group and the society as a whole. These consequences are not immediately 'visible' but emerge over a longer period of time in all segments of social structure, in different intensity and taking different forms. Naturally, these are by no means single- dimensional data but also indicate that part of this population finds cultural programs inaccessible or uninteresting, whether due to lack of interest, structure or conception of public cultural life, in financial or territorial sense. It should be underlined that the processes of globalization and individualization of modern society have a decisive impact on the participation of youth in cultural life. Also, we should not forget the great influence education has on creating a system of values and preconditions for reception of an art piece and various symbolic forms of artistic creation, as well as on the development of cultural needs. The role of a modern high school and a modern university cannot be reduced to mere professional education, since they also have a very significant, civilizational function in development of spiritual abilities and acquiring wider cultural knowledge. A continual education in the field of culture is necessary as the transfer of culture from teachers/ professors to pupils/ students cannot be a once in a lifetime educational event. This education has to follow the quickly changing civilization and knowledge. Marginalizing young people will prevent any society from developing and modernizing in accordance with modern times. Their participation at all levels of decision making and activities is of vital importance for initiating change and further social development. To accomplish this, young people must recognize themselves as fully valid members of the society. As of late, EU insists on development of national youth policies which support participation of youth in the society, especially their influence on the youth-relevant processes, decisions and activities. This involves taking a more active part in the family, school, faculty, cultural life and government. The fact should not be forgotten that the society we live in is determined by the future of our young generations.

Percepções do sofrimento psíquico na obra de Patativa do Assaré

Este artigo aborda as "Percepções do Sofrimento Psíquico na obra de Patativa do Assaré" a partir de pesquisa sob perspectiva transdisciplinar, onde desenvolveu-se uma investigação no sentido de verificar quais características comuns que podem ser consideradas como identitárias da cultura cearense e que se encontram expressas em manifestações da poesia popular. O estudo dos valores de identidade e identificações, relacionados ao sentido de territorialidade existente nos indivíduos que ocupam determinado espaço geográfico, serviu como situação para se delimitar um contexto onde processos psíquicos ocorrem e que marcam a vida destes indivíduos. A obra do poeta popular cearense Patativa do Assaré e sua própria existência individual serviu como parâmetro para a verificação dos conceitos elaborados ao longo do estudo, sendo possível fazer relações entre o sentido de ser cearense definindo-se alguns dos aspectos de identificações culturais consolidados em um determinado espaço territorial possíveis de serem articulados através de processos psíquicos.

Becoming indigenous in the pursuit of justice: The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights and the Endorois

The February 2010 ruling of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Kenyan government's violation of the Endorois people's rights is the Commission's most substantive and radical decision to date, with important implications for international jurisprudence, national politics, and local strategies - as well as potential socioeconomic realities and inter-communal relations. The ruling combined a liberal interpretation of the African Charter with far-reaching recommendations and the request for a government progress report. It was the first time that the Commission had decided on and extended individual and peoples' rights to indigenous people, and is the first time in the world that a specific right to development has been adjudicated upon. By accepting the Endorois as an indigenous community the decision completes a process of ethnic invention that began in the 1990s, and has seen Endorois assert ethnic difference from their Kalenjin neighbours as a strategy of legal argument. The outcome is a victory for Endorois leaders and may help other communities tackle state injustice. However, the broad implications for social justice and inter-communal relations are contentious given the decision's reinforcement of an inherently exclusive sense of ethnic territoriality and neglect of gross inequalities in wealth and power. From this perspective, the decision reflects a modern obsession with the 'politics of recognition' to the neglect of a 'politics of redistribution'.

‘Wherever I lay my head is home’ – young people's experience of home in the Brazilian street environment

Although academic research on street children is increasing, few have discussed the multiple meanings of home, as well as young people's perspectives on their homeless status. Drawing on several qualitative fieldwork studies in Salvador, Brazil, this article explores the ‘home’ narratives of a group seldom appraised: the grown-up ‘street children’ of the 1980s and 1990s. Although many of these young people may be described as homeless in a territorial sense, their narratives demonstrate the complex ways in which many feel or have felt at home in the streets of a middle-class neighbourhood. The feeling of being at home is closely interlinked to aspects they find important in their everyday lives, namely that of autonomy, safety and belonging. This analysis illustrates earlier ignored dimensions of why young people choose the street rather than home, and in addition, challenges some common definitions and assumptions.

La Edad del Bronce en el Noroeste de la Península Ibérica: un análisis a partir de las prácticas funerarias

From the analysis of the funerary practices and of their integration in the different chronological-cultural contexts where they develop, the author works out a new interpretation of the mechanism of negotiation of power and the promotion of social identity through the Bronze Age of the NW Iberian Peninsula. When studying an area so wide she distinguishes two great trends in the type and distribution of the funerary architectures throughout the Bronze Age that she associates with different ways of interaction with, and perception of, the world. Thus, she argues that the necropolises of “cloudy” tombs (cists without tumuli, plain graves and pits), located in areas of great agricultural potential and close to the settlements, may have been constructed by sedentary communities, very involved in agricultural activities, with a great sense of territoriality and a great control over, and deep knowledge of, the territory. On the other hand the communities involved with mountain landscapes, eventually more related to cattle and with ways of life that would imply greater mobility, were responsible for the construction of more visible funerary structures, such as small tumuli of megalithic tradition, located away from the settlements. In relation to the social role of the corpse, the author argues for the Early Bronze Age, that, the occupation of new territories, the emergence of a new form of community interaction with the environment and the emergence of new mechanisms of power and legitimacy of the territory were materialized in burial practices and in the social role of some corpses, in copper and gold grave goods. This social role was represented in old and new places. From the Middle Bronze Age she assumes that the corpse loses importance in collective terms and that death becomes more familiar. The new settings of power negotiation and social identity are transferred to other contexts of action more connected with the sphere of the living. She relates as examples the places of exploitation of tin; the places of production, manipulation and deposition of artefacts in bronze; the arenas where communities built and placed the emerging statue-menhirs and in the interior of the settlements. During the Late Bronze Age these dynamics would have been accented, with increase of the transformation of the corpse and the consequent loss of the importance of the physical body, over all in the places or periods where cremations seem to be more evident. She distinguishes the great importance assumed for settlements as centres of power and the development of places located on hilltops, true enclosures, sometimes surrounded by walls, and where there were actions that implied the manipulation of several, diversified metal goods, as well as other articles of exceptional raw materials and a great amount of exceptional ceramic containers. She finishes praising the necessity of contingency studies that allow us to confirm or to invalidate the assumptions made.

Национализм и конструирование карт “исторических территорий”: Обучение национальным историям в странах Южного Кавказа

SUMMARY: The article by Sergei Rumiantsev explores the relationship between contemporary political conflicts and the production and reproduction of maps of the ideal national homeland in public discourse and history textbooks in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. He argues that the map of ideal national homeland is an important symbolic instrument for inculcating a sense of nationhood in the post-Soviet South Caucasus. The analyzed maps are invariably based on a primordial understanding of nationality that serves to collate relevant pieces of historical geography. These maps are used by politicians and official experts to legitimize present-day conflicts and contest present-day political boundaries. The author then traces the historical evolution of the territorial sense of nationhood from the moment of the rise of modern national movements in the South Caucasus, and demonstrates how the modern national imagination and imperial map- and boundary-making exercise laid the groundwork for contemporary iconic images of the territorial nationhood of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, and their respective ideal national homelands.

Prehistoric resource procurement in the central Mesa Verde region: A study of human mobility and social interactions using GIS

The use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) in the study of lithic procurement patterns provides crucial information about energy expenditure and territoriality of prehistoric communities. Cost-weight analyses calculate proxy energetic expenditures of agents who transport lithic materials from a quarry to the nearest habitation site. Illustrating energy expenditure values onto maps helps us understand changes in toolstone procurement patterns through time. Comparing energy expenditure values from one time period to another also demonstrates when agents developed the sense of territoriality. This research investigates how the central Mesa Verde Puebloans utilised resources on their landscape from A.D. 600 to 1280.

The MTSOCS: A multidimensional sense of community scale for local communities

AbstractThe aim of this study was to validate the Multidimensional Territorial Sense of Community Scale (MTSOCS), a new theory‐driven sense of community scale referred to the geographical community. Starting from McMillan and Chavis' theoretical dimensions, five subscales (Membership, Shared Influence, Social Climate and Bonds, Help in Case of Need, and Needs Fulfillment) were proposed. The MTSOCS, a sociodemographic questionnaire, and several other instruments were administered to three groups of adults (for a total of 781 participants). Confirmatory factor analysis of all participants' data showed that the five subscales were good from a statistical point of view. Tests of factorial invariance showed that the five‐factor model of the MTSOCS is basically the same across different‐sized territorial communities: small towns, cities and metropolis neighborhoods. The total score of the scale and the five subscales showed good construct validity. A positive relationship emerged between total MTSOCS score and participation in groups/associations, cohabitation, community identification, life satisfaction, perceived social support, interpersonal trust and trust in local government. More complex relationships emerged between the five subscales and the other variables, confirming the usefulness of also having the single subscale scores. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Divide and Pacify: Strategic Social Policy and Political Protests in Post-Communist Democracies by Pieter Vanhuysse (review)

REVIEWS 179 The book develops recent scepticism about dvoeverie. Although many peasant traditionswere derived and developed from the pagan past, itwasn't that peasants remained quasi-pagan; their world outlook was essentially Christian. In fact, itwas often precisely because it centred on God and 'the Mount ofOlives, Rome, orJerusalem' (p. 190), rather thanKyiv orMoscow, that peasant 'superstition' was opposed by modern secular nationalisms. Chris tine Worobec stresses that peasants' elaborate death rituals were entirely in keeping with Christian teaching on immortality. Peasant beliefs also made sense in terms of their everyday lives. The idea that one should not over-grieve the loss of children under the age of seven, as they would serve as angels in Heaven, was some solace in societies where infant deaths were all too common. Readers looking for embryonic 'Ukrainian' and 'Russian' popular religions will find some limited evidence. Ukraine popular religion was to an extent distinct from a 'Russian' institutional Church, but so was everyday practice inRussia often enough (p. 14).But most 'popular' practices ignored putative national boundaries, or were specific to particular regions. Certainly, there were no general packages that could be labelled 'popular Ukrainian' and 'popular Russian'. However, peasant society often provided services that the institutional Church could not. Chernichky(devout spinsters) oversaw funeral preparations and ritual; literate peasants read the psalter, although the clergy disapproved of wailers, who were on the wane by the late nineteenth century. Much of what was 'popular' was the common culture of 'Holy Rus", which by the nineteenth century, as Yaroslav Hrytsak has recently pointed out, was a concept that was only vaguely rooted in any specific sense of territory (Hrytsak,Prorok u svoi vitchyzni: Franko tayoho spil'nota,Kiev, 2006, p. 137). This is a fascinating book, filledwith rich ethnographic detail and cultural observation. The contributions maintain a uniformly high academic standard. I could have done with an index, but this is a minor quibble. UCL SSEES Andrew Wilson Vanhuysse, Pieter. Divide and Pacify: Strategic Social Policy and Political Protests in Post-Communist Democracies. Central European University Press, Budapest and New York, 2006. xiii + 170 pp. Notes. Index. ?21.95: 32.95: $41.95. Pieter Vanhuysse's thought-provoking study takes as its starting point the question firstposed by Bela Greskovits in his seminal work The Political Economy ofProtest and Patience (Budapest and New York, 1998): why did widespread early predictions that post-Communist democracies would be convulsed by Latin American-style waves of social protest prove so wrong? Greskovits concluded that the answer laywith Communism's demobilization of Eastern European societies; a lack of credible populist ideologies in the region; and a more elderly demographic profile. l80 SEER, 87, I, JANUARY 200g However, Vanhuysse suggests, the remarkable social quiescence of post Communist 'losers' cannot credibly be attributed either to such structural factors or to competing notions of ideologically-induced compliance. The huge social costs of transition were concentrated among older workers in industrial regions and rural communities with well established and cohesive social networks, creating a viable basis fordisruptive anti-reformmobilization. Moreover, extensive Communist-era trade union organization represented a powerful potential vehicle for social resistance. Instead, he argues, the answer is to be found in CEE governments' strategic use of social and economic policies after 1989 to pre-empt disruptive protest. Although initially generous unemployment benefit seems to have been common across the region, the overall mix of strategic social policies varied significandy between states. Poland and Hungary combined high early levels of unemployment with 'great abnormal pensioner booms', which were driven by attractive packages for early retirement or transfer to disability status. In the Czech Republic, by contrast, mass unemployment was staved off with active labour policies and delays in enterprise restructuring linked to incomplete bankruptcy legislation and the effects of voucher privatization. The common element was, however, that cohesive 'loser' groups were neutralized by being dividing into three subgroups with lower mobilization capacities and divergent interests: the unemployed, stillemployed and prema turely retired. Policies which at firstsight appeared fiscally and economically irrational or naive thus had an important political rationale in securing political breathing space for reform policies. Indeed, arguably, the book sug gests, theymade a key contribution to the subsequent...

Territorial sense of community, ethnic prejudice and political orientation

AbstractThis research focused on territorial sense of community and ethnic prejudice. In particular, we related these two constructs and investigated their relationship to individual characteristics (personal political orientation, contact with immigrants, etc.) and community‐level ones (such as ethnic composition and the political orientation of the local government). Two studies were conducted in four small towns in central and southern Italy. For each study, 160 people were contacted. The instruments used were a questionnaire, the Italian Sense of Community Scale and the Blatant Prejudice Scale. The results showed that territorial sense of community is not related to ethnic prejudice or to the ethnic heterogeneity of the territory. It was also found that people with right‐wing political sympathies revealed higher levels of prejudice than people with left‐wing sympathies. Finally, in a town with a stable and consolidated left‐wing orientation of the local government we found, when the influence of personal political orientation was controlled for, lower levels of prejudice than in a town with a right‐wing orientation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Theōsis: Deification in Christian Theology (review)

Reviewed by: Theōsis: Deification in Christian Theology Daniel Keating Stephen Finlan and Vladimir Kharlamov, editors Theōsis: Deification in Christian TheologyPrinceton Theological Monograph SeriesEugene, OR: Pickwick Publications, 2006 Pp. ix + 185. $22. The topic of deification continues to be popular since there is a freshness to the subject and the sense of unexplored territory that invites research and inquiry. This series of essays, edited by Stephen Finlan and Vladimir Kharlamov, advances the exploration of the theme of deification (theōsis) and provides at the same time a valuable resource for students. The editors begin with a general description of theōsis—"the transformation of believers into the likeness of God" (1)—but emphasize the imprecision of the term and the difficulty in defining it exactly. Instead of seeking a precise definition, they point to biblical texts and to other biblical doctrines (transformation, indwelling, sanctification, etc.) that together help us grasp what theōsis means. Then, following a brief account of the loss of the idea of deification in the West during the past millennium, they stake out their own position between what they identify as the two polarized views of theōsis that have for too long dominated the field. The first position, popularized by Adolph Harnack, rejects theōsis as the Hellenization of early Christianity. The second, promoted by Eastern Orthodox theologians such as Vladimir Lossky, makes theōsis to be all-important in Christian theology and claims that the Eastern church has a "copyright" on the doctrine (9). The editors wish to promote a more historically-grounded, moderate view and so offer this volume as a means of shedding light "on the divinization concept" (12) across the Christian tradition. The historical summary they offer on the fate of deification certainly has merit, but the presentation suffers a bit from its brevity and lack of nuance. It seems too strong to say that Western churches have simply dropped the idea or that theōsis has nearly disappeared over the past millennium [End Page 122] in the West (8). The explicit references to deification in Aquinas as well as the development of the concept in Scheeben, Newman, and Mascall would modify the stark disjunction proposed between the first and second millennia in the West. Nonetheless, the stated goal of recapturing an historically-grounded, balanced understanding of deification is praiseworthy and capably carried out in the articles that follow. For the sake of summary, the ten articles can be grouped into four categories (biblical, early patristic, mature patristic, contemporary). The first pair of articles lays a biblical foundation in both the Old and New Testaments. Greg Glazov defends the importance of seeking a foundation for Christian doctrine in the Old Testament and argues that the paternal-filial categories informing the divine-human covenant in Israel, as well as a sapiential anthropology from the Wisdom literature, "provide many bases for a biblical theōsis theology" (29). Stephan Finlan then explores the philosophical climate surrounding 2 Peter, concluding that the phrase "partakers of the divine nature" (2 Pet 1.4) means in context taking on the divine character, the knowledge of Christ, and proper ethical behavior (45). The second pair of articles (both by Vladimir Kharlamov) on the apostolic fathers and apologists respectively provides, in a sense, the bridge between the biblical testimony and the full flowering of the theōsis concept. The terminology of deification does not appear in these early writers, but Kharlamov shows that many of the themes emerge that will later develop into an explicit notion of theōsis. The third and largest grouping of articles considers theōsis in four leading patristic figures: Irenaeus, Athanasius, Augustine, and Maximus. In two fine studies, Jeffrey Finch shows the christological basis for human divinization in Irenaeus and the deifying work of the redeemer in Athanasius. Robert Puchniak revisits deification in Augustine, building on the findings of Gerald Bonner through an analysis of a recently discovered sermon (Dolbeau 6), and proposes reasons for why Augustine so rarely employs the deification concept in his vast corpus. Elena Vishnevskaya concludes the patristic studies with an overview of deification in the rich theological thought of Maximus the Confessor. The final pair of articles...

Merchant-kings and Everymen: Narratives of the South Asian Diaspora of East Africa

The building of the Uganda railway at the turn of the nineteenth century brought about radical shifts in the notion of territory and the conception of time within East Africa. A sense of Indian Ocean continuity and cosmopolitanism signified by the pace of the dhow and the seaward perspective of coastal communities was substantially replaced by a new sense of time and territory determined by the speed of the train and the inland focus of colonial ambition. This paper explores this long moment of transition through a number of texts: the first year of the East African Standard (1902–03), the journal of Ebrahimji Noorbhai Adamji (1902–05) and three recent novels. These texts delineate the role of the South Asian diaspora in both the expansion of the colonial economy and the maintenance of an older sensibility. The founder of the African Standard, Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee, held the contract for the recruitment of indentured labourers for the building of the railway and financed the establishment of Nairobi. While his newspaper displays complicity with colonial projects, it also reveals the disparity between the overtly expansive ideals and the narrowly national/racial aims of the empire. In Adamji's journal, the oscillation between the use of British time and Arbi – the Arabic Swahili system of time – is a notable imprecision that signifies the writer's position on a cusp between the world of coastal trade and life under colonial rule. Beneath the biographies of businessmen like Jeevanjee and Adamji, the history of the Asian presence in East Africa figures labourers, discarded wives, unsuccessful traders and children of mixed racial parentage: people whose position in the racial hierarchy of colonial East Africa becomes ever more obscure. The paper concludes by tracing the way in which three writers use the novel form to tell the relationship between class complicity and racial hierarchy which defined the Asian East African position during the period of British colonial rule.

Entering of Stefan Dusan into the Empire

Entering of Stefan Dusan into the Empire

A Phenomenological Theory of the Human Rights of an Alien

International human rights law is profoundly oxymoronic. Certain well-known international treaties claim a universal character for human rights, but international tribunals often interpret and enforce these either narrowly or, if widely, they rely upon sovereign states to enforce the rights against themselves. International lawyers and diplomats have usually tried to resolve the apparent contradiction by pressing for more general rules in the form of treaties, legal doctrines, and institutional procedures. Despite such efforts, aliens remain who are neither legal nor illegal and who thereby slip through a discourse that claims universality. I ask: why does international legal discourse claim a universality of human rights enforceable by impartial. politically neutral tribunals when it also recognises that a state may refuse to recognise some groups as "persons?” I turn to the works of Bernhard Waldenfels for an explanation. To that end, I briefly outine two examples of state-centred human rights treaties. I then reconstruct Waldenfels' explanation as to how a territorial sense of space needs an alien exterior to the space. The territorial structure assumes time is frozen as of the date of the foundation of the structure. The body of the alien is taken as a biological body. The personality, motives, and actions of the alien are the consequence of the imagination of people inside the territorial boundary. The dominant international legal discourse reinforces and institutionalises such a territorial sense of space and frozen time because the territorial state is considered the primary legal subject of international law. I also retrieve, however, an experiential but concealed sense of space and time. To retrieve this sense of space and time requires that lawyers see the world through the twilight of legality heretofore ignored as pre-legal.

The difference is in the detail: Its potential as a place branding tool and impact upon perceptions and responses

This paper makes a case for the forgotten potential of detail in creating a sense of place, calling for a review of the design and treatment of detailing in public spaces and its role in urban environments. The study introduces the importance of detail in forming perceptions, and subsequently its effect on behaviour in public spaces and urban environs. Arguing that the combination of details has the potential to create or destroy a sense of ownership and territory, the paper questions how they could be better used to build civic pride among residents and visitors. It also considers how those who create and manage public realm environments could learn from attitudes to detail commonly seen in other areas of design practice, such as product, interior and communication design. It looks to approaches that underpin corporate brands, and proposes that a similarly focused attention to detail could help better define the unique character of a city or place. It also acknowledges the charm of ‘random’ details, and highlights that a balance must be sought between unplanned and controlled detail.

Estimation of animal location from radio telemetry data with temporal dependencies

We evaluate the performance of several estimators of animal location when data arise from radio telemetry studies. We assume that error-prone bearings are taken at regular time intervals from known locations, that observations may be frequent enough to introduce temporal dependencies, and that animals remain within well-defined home ranges. We simulated data to examine several factors including home range shape, dependency between successive locations, sample size and strategy, and bearing error. Simulated data, supplemented by data based on actual paths for Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), were used to evaluate alternative location estimators: Lenth’s maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) that assumes independence; Pace’s moving average version of the MLE that introduces a post hoc dependence in the data; and three estimators from state-space models that explicitly model animal movement and dependencies. The state-space models differed in the assumed model of animal movement and included a simple normal random walk, a variation of the random walk that includes a centralizing parameter, and a discretetime version of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model for movement within an elliptical home range. Estimates were evaluated in terms of location error and estimator precision. The independent MLE had the poorest performance under most scenarios, particularly when actual locations were dependent. The centrally biased random walk estimator generally had smallest location errors and best precision, whether or not data displayed dependencies. Rather than assuming independence or discarding observations to achieve independence, estimation of location would be served better by accounting for potential dependencies. Methods based on simple models of animal movement may vastly improve estimates, and models that recognize an animal’s sense of home territory are preferred.

Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America (review)

Reviewed by: Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America Brad D. Jokisch Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America, Daniel D. Arreola (ed.) Austin, University of Texas Press, 2004. ix and 334 pp., references, photos, maps, and index. $24.95 paper (ISBN: 0-292-70562-X). Decrying the lack of attention paid to geographical perspectives of Hispanic/Latino Americans, Daniel Arreola leads fifteen geographers and two sociologists on an exploration of the "regional cultural geography of Americans of Hispanic/Latino ancestry." Thirteen chapters examine the regional diversity and cultural identity of Hispanic/Latino Americans using the broader themes of "space" (population distribution, movement, patterns) and "place" (landscape). After an introductory chapter by the editor describing immigration from Latin America and sketching a broad geography of Latino settlement in the USA, the chapters are divided into three community types—continuous communities (always predominantly Hispanic), discontinuous communities (Hispanic/Latino community now dominated by non-Hispanic), and new communities (recent Hispanic/Latino population). Hispanic and Latino are equated and the definition is limited to people living in the U.S. who were either born in, or have heritage from a Spanish-speaking country in Latin America. Brazilians and anyone else from non-Hispanic Latin America are excluded. The book is weighted toward new communities (eight chapters) and somewhat weighted toward place. With notable exceptions, many of the chapters are historic, descriptive, and focus on landscapes that purportedly represent the culture of Latino subgroups. Both continuous communities chapters—Plaza in Las Vegas, and Laredo, Texas—explore "unique" Hispanic places. All three discontinuous-communities chapters examine urban communities (largely Mexican) in California. In chapter four the importance of Latino activism and sense of territoriality in the Mission District in San Francisco is revealed, and in chapter five an argument is made that globalization is the new paradigm necessary to understand cultural landscapes of San Diego, California. This section concludes with a chapter on how industrial change created a Latino-dominated Southeast Los Angeles, influenced by the landscapes of the previous occupants. The section on new communities contains three chapters heavily focused on Latino landscapes—a characterization of three "streetscape" types in New York (are immigrants really invaders?), an examination of semi-fixed landscape features of Puerto Rican neighborhoods in Cleveland, Ohio, and business-scapes in Reno, Nevada. This section also has three chapters focused on space and the geography of Latino settlement—soccer and Bolivian cultural space in metro Washington D.C., a history of Latinos in the urban Midwest (Kansas City), and a chapter on the relationship between Hispanics in the South and the restructuring of the poultry industry. Two chapters have a focus on both landscape and space: Latino landscapes in Phoenix and the Hispanicization of Hereford, Texas. Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places makes a significant contribution to our understanding of Latinos in the US. It is a much-needed volume that helps us understand complex issues of Latino diversity and how that diversity shapes space and is represented in the landscape. Most chapters are well-written and all have appropriate maps, illustrations, [End Page 143] and photos. The book does an admirable job of sampling distinctive contexts, and with twelve case studies it may not be fair to ask for more coverage; however, two regional gaps appear: Florida and the rural Midwest/Northwest. As in any edited volume, some chapters stand out, in no small part because they more effectively engage larger conceptual/theoretical issues and engage contemporary debates. Kandel and Parrado's chapter shows how the concentration and consolidation of the poultry industry along with its relocation to the South created ideal conditions for Latin American immigration. Latinos did not "take American jobs"; they were recruited into low-paying, dangerous, jobs most Southerners do not want. Price and Whitworth's is the only chapter that shows how "home" influences Latino cultural space in the United States. Place is less important than creating cultural spaces through soccer and the festivities that focus on "remembering home" while here. Herzog's chapter on globalization is most effective and creative when he shows exactly how forces that have become global shape San Diego barrios, though the chapter is...

Access technology and dementia care: Influences on residents’ everyday lives in a secure unit

There is a need to understand how technology can best be used to facilitate well-being in people with dementia. This study sought to describe how access control technology influenced the everyday lives of people with dementia living in a secure unit. The staff members and the unit's residents participated in the study. Data were collected through ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews over 6 months, and were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The results show how access technology supported the residents’ sense of security, territoriality, orientation, and adaptation to the environment. However, certain conditions were necessary for these influences to appear. Overall, the results indicate that access control technology may be used to support the well-being of people with dementia, and to increase their opportunities to feel in place in a secure unit. However, there is an urgent need in the future for further exploration of the conditions for use of technology in the field of dementia care, and the necessity of making careful evaluations of the use of technology in this field cannot be overemphasized.

Movimentos de desterritorialização e reterritorilização na transformação das organizações

O trabalho identifica as formas concretas e simbólicas de apropriação do espaço em uma empresa do setor de telecomunicações: a Telemig/Telemar-Minas. A disputa por espaços se liga ao sentido de territorialidade. Na medida em que os indivíduos defenderiam determinado espaço que lhes interessava, tais disputas envolveriam um amplo leque de dimensões como status e identidade, podendo refletir significações simbólicas que evidenciam relações de poder e dominação. Por meio de elementos da análise do discurso como instrumento metodológico básico para as análises sobre doze anos de atividades da empresa, observaram-se movimentos de desterritorialização e reterritorialização dos atores sociais envolvidos. Esses movimentos, somados às mudanças nas significações culturais, buscariam promover duas estratégias: a primeira, provocar um desenraizamento real e simbólico dos espaços; a segunda, tentar fazer com que a organização, por sua vez, apareça como um novo espaço de trabalho.

Research Note: Neighborhoods as Territorial Units: The Case of Tel Aviv-Jaffa

This paper suggests a GIS-based methodology for the investigation of the extent to which the inhabitants of a representative sample of city residents perceives itself as living in socially constituted neighborhood territories. We ask residents about the relevancy of the neighborhood as a social unit and to delineate their neighborhood boundaries. We then define these delineations as polygons in GIS, measuring the tendency of neighbors to define merging territorial bases for their neighborhoods. Three possible patterns are identified: (1) lack of perceived boundaries resulting from the irrelevancy of the neighborhood, (2) personal senses of localities that do not merge into communal territories by immediate neighbors—in this case we conclude that residents experience some sense of locality but they do not share any common sense of neighborhood—and (3) the tendency of residents' delineations to merge with those of their neighbors demonstrating, by thus, the social constitution of communal sense of neighborhood. We conclude that in most of the city the neighborhood is marginally relevant with only several areas, located in the outer ring of the city, presenting a coherent territorial sense of neighborhood.