Subjective Sense Of Well-being Research Articles

The relationship between exercise atmosphere, flow experience, and subjective well-being in middle school students: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this research was to explore the effect of exercise atmosphere (EA) on the flow experience (FE) and subjective well-being (SWB) of middle school students and further analyze the mediating effect of FE between EA and SWB, and to provide theoretical references for improving middle school students' SWB. A cross-sectional design was used. 1056 middle school students from 6 middle schools in Sichuan, China, voluntarily completed the Exercise Atmosphere Scale (EAS), Short (9-item) Dispositional Flow Scales (SDFS-2), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLS). The data collected for this investigation were processed using SPSS 19.0 and Process 3.0. EA could positively predict FE and SWB. FE could positively predict SWB. FE partially mediated the relationship between EA and SWB. The study demonstrated the mediating effect of FE between EA and middle school students' SWB. It was proposed that the positive EA contributes to the emergence of FE during physical exercise in middle school students, which leads to a better sense of SWB.

PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS AND THE FEELING OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING

Davit Katamadze E-mail: datoqatamadze@gmail.com Assistant Professor of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Georgia, Batumi https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8815-1167 Ketevan Beridze E-mail: k.beridze@bsu.edu.ge Professor of Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University Georgia, Batumi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7037 Nino Rusieshvili E-mail: niniarusieshvili@gmail.com Teacher, Master of Clinical Psychology, BSU, special teacher of psychology clinic Georgia, Batumi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6370-5553 Lizi Vekua E-mail: vekualiza10@gmail.com Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University, Third year student of psychology Georgia, Batumi https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2193-2779 Abstract. A person's life satisfaction is determined by various factors: feeling satisfied with oneself and achievements, positive relationships, social involvement, independence, self-acceptance, continuous growth. Our well-being is also greatly influenced by partnership relations. As part of our research, I wanted to find out how much our love relationships govern our sense of subjective well-being. An unhealthy relationship can affect many areas of mental health, life satisfaction, self-perception, and even self-esteem. A positive partner relationship, characterized by factors such as emotional support, friendship, intimacy, and effective communication, is associated with reduced stress levels, improved mood, and greater psychological resilience (Pietromonaco & Collins, 2017). Moreover, the benefits of healthy partnerships go beyond psychological well-being to include aspects of physical health. For example, individuals with satisfying relationships have lower rates of cardiovascular disease, better immune system function, and even longer life spans (Robles & Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003). Having a supportive partner can also enhance individuals' social well-being by providing belonging, validation, and social support during difficult times (Gable & Gosnell, 2013). It is interesting to believe that two people can have such a great influence on each other, that their symbiosis can lead not only to their relationship satisfaction and happiness, but also to the level of well-being, self-acceptance, autonomy, adaptation to the environment, etc. These factors will be discussed in the paper. Romantic relationships are a central aspect of most people's lives. We hypothesize that satisfaction with the partnership affects subjective well-being and life satisfaction. Key words: partnership relations, well-being, satisfaction, partner. JEL classification: Y800

The Odd Year: Experiences of Care Leavers in the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The purpose of the study is to describe how young care leavers conceptualize their subjective sense of wellbeing, as a lived experience during the “Odd Year” which refers to the first year of the COVID-19 Pandemic—from 2020 to 2021. Qualitative data from seven young people's open discussions by using the Time Out Method and essays. Principles of Joint Research were used. Fattorés theory of children and young people's subjective well-being as well as Eskelineńs (2020) themes of social philosophy during a disaster were employed in the analysis. The Odd Year's effect was to restrict agency relating to study and employment but simultaneously highlight moral agency. The downscaling of services created a sense of uncertainty. Background in Foster Care strengthened the sense of resilience and agency for some. The transformative resilience of society can be strengthened by peer support and by utilizing digital services in social work.

Development and evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Japanese Version of the Positive Solitude Scale

Objectives Solitude is a state of being without social contact; it occurs when a person chooses not to interact with others, even when they are in the company of others. It is not necessarily accompanied by negative feelings. In contrast, loneliness, is a psychological state characterized by the feeling of needing the company of others. Most Japanese studies have regarded loneliness as an unpleasant and painful experience. In this study, focusing on solitude, we developed the Japanese version of the Positive Solitude Scale (JPSS) developed by Palgi et al. and evaluated its reliability and validity. This scale assesses the "conscious and voluntary decision to be alone as a positive experience."Methods A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted between May and August 2023, with 700 men and women participants aged 20 years or older living in Ward A, Sapporo. The survey items comprised basic attributes, the JPSS, subjective sense of health, subjective sense of well-being, and depression to verify convergent validity and social network and loneliness to verify discriminant validity. Additionally, principal component and correlation analyses were performed.Results A total of 245 questionnaires were collected, and 237 valid responses were obtained (valid response rate: 33.9%). The participants' mean age was 58.5±1.2 years and 111 (46.8%) were men; the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the JPSS was 0.92. The principal component analysis revealed that all nine items had principal component loadings above 0.6, with a cumulative contribution of 62.3% to the overall scale. The total scale score was significantly positively correlated with subjective health (ρ=0.210, P=0.001), positive affect (ρ=0.302, P<0.001), and life satisfaction (ρ=0.241, P<0.001). There were no significant correlations among depression, negative affect, social networks, and loneliness.Conclusions The JPSS is a reliable and valid instrument unaffected by social networks and other social relationships. It is expected to be a promising new scale that can measure perceptions of time as a positive emotion, distinct from loneliness.

Fitness-yoga – as an effective means of improving the physical and mental health of children and youth

Fitness-yoga is a popular form of health-improving physical activity. It has become a huge trend all over the world, as it provides all participants with a lifestyle training technique combined with physical activity. Yoga practice includes physical postures, breathing techniques, relaxation, and meditation. Fitness-yoga is a safe, simple, and cost-effective way to practice for health. It has been proven to bring numerous benefits to physical and mental health. Fitness-yoga classes reduce stress and promote a healthy lifestyle while strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, improving well-being, improving weight control and body composition, and contributing to overall disease relief. In addition, it has been found to promote healthier eating and increased physical activity. Fitness-yoga can be used as a means not only to increase the amount of healthy physical activity, but also to achieve social, emotional, and personal balance of the younger generation. The use of fitness-yoga in educational institutions improves mental health and cognition, can improve self-perception, subjective sense of well-being, academic performance, and attention.&#x0D; Fitness-yoga as a direction of mental fitness can be a cost-effective and inclusive tool used in educational institutions to solve both physical and mental health problems among children and youth. The practice of fitness-yoga develops in students and schoolchildren a series of strategies and techniques that will help to improve both academically and socially. There is a growing need to integrate fitness-yoga into educational institutions so that students can practice it throughout their studies. Fitness-yoga yoga is an effective long-term means of improving health.&#x0D; The methodological basis of the research is a complex of approaches (task, activity, result), principles (scientific, connection between theory and practice, activity), methods (general scientific research methods, in particular analysis and synthesis, are applied). This contributes the purpose of the article - analyzing the effects of fitness-yoga on physical and mental health. Consideration of the effectiveness of the use of fitness-yoga to improve the physical and mental health of young people determined the novelty of this work. It was concluded that fitness-yoga can have a positive effect on mental and physical health. The inclusion of fitness yoga in the educational system would have an important positive impact on the future of young people.

Tourist engagement and subjective well-being in film tourism: Mediator of memorable tourism experience

Film tourism and film tourists’ perceptions and experiences have been extensively researched. However, few studies have explored the effects of tourist engagement on tourists’ emotional states in the posttravel stage. Therefore, the present study investigated the association between tourist engagement and subjective well-being as mediated by memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) in film tourism. A total of 424 Taiwanese tourists engaged in film tourism to South Korea were invited to participate in the study. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that tourist engagement is positively associated with the creation of MTEs and with tourists’ subjective well-being. MTEs are positively associated with subjective well-being. Furthermore, MTEs mediate tourist engagement and subjective well-being; that is, engaged tourists are more likely to create MTEs, which enhance their subjective sense of well-being. These results supplement existing findings on film tourism by clarifying the effect of tourist engagement on MTEs and subjective well-being. Moreover, this study provides valuable insights for the management and marketers of film tourism destinations, assisting them in enhancing visitor engagement to promote MTEs and a sense of well-being.

Life Satisfaction among Unaccompanied Refugee Minors: Associations with Traumatic Events and Daily Hassles

While there is a growing literature about mental health problems among unaccompanied asylum-seeking and refugee minors (URMs), far less is known about their wellbeing. Such information is important as a subjective sense of wellbeing is associated with a variety of positive health and psychosocial outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine life satisfaction and the association with traumatic events, daily hassles, and asylum status among URMs in Norway. We collected self-report questionnaire data from URMs living in Norway (n = 173, 90.80% male, 71.1% from Afghanistan). Mean age was 16.62 (SD = 1.74) years, and they reported clinically relevant post-traumatic stress symptoms. We explored variation in life satisfaction, URM-specific daily hassles and traumatic events. We also investigated a mediation model, in which we assumed that daily hassles mediated the association between traumatic events and life satisfaction. The participants reported low life satisfaction (M = 4.28, SD = 2.90, 0–10 scale). A negative outcome of the asylum process and URM-specific daily hassles were associated with reduced life satisfaction. URM-specific daily hassles accounted for the relation between traumatic events and life satisfaction. The youth had been exposed to several traumatic events yet the effect of these on life satisfaction appeared indirect, via an increase in URM-specific daily hassles. Reducing the number of, or help URM cope with, URM-specific daily hassles may increase their life satisfaction.

The correlation between teacher support and primary school students’ life and school satisfaction

Students’ life satisfaction is a sense of subjective well-being and the capacity to effectively deal with and adapt to change and cope with environmental demands. In the last three years, students all over the world have been faced with changes in the educational system brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many schools were forced to organize online classes, and numerous teachers encountered this way of teaching for the first time. The aim of this research was to examine the perception of teacher support and its correlation with students’ school and life satisfaction. The research was carried out among 402 students of the third to eighth grade of primary school in Zagreb, Croatia. The implemented simple analysis of variance has shown higher satisfaction with teacher support, school and life among younger than among older children. Regression analyses have shown that students’ age and teacher support act as important predictors of students’ school satisfaction, which was found to be a predictor of students’ life satisfaction.

FEELING YOU BELONG: THE EFFECTS OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ON WELL-BEING IN LATER LIFE

Abstract The area where someone lives is an important, yet neglected, contextual factor for the health of older adults. Previous literature suggests that an individual may develop an attachment to their neighborhood through a feeling of “rootedness,” which may contribute to feelings of belonging (Connerly &amp; Marans, 1985). This sense of belonging is an essential component of harmonious communities with actively engaged residents. Together, feeling that you belong (perceived social cohesion) and active engagement in a community may be related to a higher overall sense of subjective well-being. Perceived social cohesion within a neighborhood also influences an individual’s level of community engagement. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study investigates the impact of perceived social cohesion and community engagement on subjective well-being. The sample (N=5581, Mean Age (SD)= 68.34 (10.35), Range 50-98 years) included participants from the 2018 wave of data collection, who completed the Psychosocial Leave Behind Questionnaire. Multiple regression revealed that community engagement (β=.19, p=&amp;lt;.001) and social cohesion (β =.26, p=&amp;lt;.001) significantly predicted life satisfaction (R2=.096). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and years of education (Adj R2=.111, p&amp;lt;.001). These results suggest a sense of belonging may be more predictive than actual engagement on subjective well-being, this finding also interacts with age. Future work in this area should investigate the other possible influences that impact perceived feelings of belonging.

The role of health demands, health resources, and adaptability in psychological strain and life satisfaction.

The present study harnessed job demands-resources theory to identify key predictors of psychological strain (feeling overwhelmed by one's problems) and life satisfaction among a sample of 1060 adults randomly selected from the Australian electoral roll. The investigation sought to ascertain: (a) the relative contribution of health demands (e.g., inadequate health treatment) and health resources (e.g., access to helpful health-related information) in predicting psychological strain and life satisfaction, (b) the extent to which a recently proposed personal resource-adaptability-explained variance in wellbeing beyond individuals' health demands and resources, and (c) the role of psychological strain in predicting life satisfaction in the context of these demands and resources. Applying structural equation modelling we found that contextual health demands predicted greater psychological strain, individual health resources and adaptability both predicted lower psychological strain and greater life satisfaction, and psychological strain predicted lower life satisfaction. Notably, the adverse effects of health demands reduced significantly when health resources and adaptability were entered into the modelling. Taken together, the findings offer support for a health demands-resources framework that may be applied to better support individuals to respond to the stressors in their lives and in turn boost their sense of subjective wellbeing.

“High performance work system”: challenges and good practices of organizations around the world

The desire to ensure high productivity of each employee in each organization is characteristic of the entire modern world. However, there is no single term used for this, even within an English-speaking (or Russian-speaking) environment, just as there is no common understanding of the factors that can lead to high productivity of each employee. In Russia statistics are collected and programs are being developed that contribute to the growth in the number “High Productivity Jobs” (at the state level). In English-speaking practice, similar approaches are indicated by the abbreviations HPO, HPHRP, HPWP and HPWS. However, similar to the difficulties encountered in the implementation of the concept of “Decent Work” in the world, problems are also experienced by companies trying to apply “high-performance work organization practices”. The published results of the analysis of world publications over the past 30 years show the connection of “high-performance work systems” a) with a variety of personnel management practices (slightly less than in half of the publications); b) with an intermediary factor in the form of staff satisfaction and their sense of subjective well-being (according to some data, most discussed in publications on “high-performance systems”); c) with the effectiveness and productivity of the organization as a whole, and d) with different, not always explicit, attitudes and expectations of employees (allocated to a separate group). Nevertheless, studies periodically show not only successes, but also unpredictable deterioration of indicators that are significant for organizations. The “emotional burnout” of employees and the “imbalance of work and the rest of life” increase attention to the “psychological contract” as ensuring compliance with the complex of mutual expectations of employers and employees. Part of these expectations is related to the currently developing format of hybrid work for some categories of specialists.

청소년기 우울 및 자존감 잠재프로파일 분류에 따른 주관적 행복감 차이

청소년기 우울 및 자존감 잠재프로파일 분류에 따른 주관적 행복감 차이

Toward Burnout Prevention: Can One Short Virtual Reality Relaxation and Mindfulness Training Session for Staff and Patients Decrease Stress and Improve Subjective Sense of Wellbeing?

Mental wellness of healthcare workers has deteriorated recently, increasing burnout rates. Cancer patients are also often highly distressed, reporting fear, pain, and fatigue. Relaxation and mindfulness training have been shown to decrease stress and anxiety. Currently, the use of virtual reality (VR) for relaxation and mindfulness for cancer patients and oncology clinical staff is an ongoing area of research. We aimed to test the preliminary efficacy of incorporating an innovative digital therapeutic (DTx) we developed at our center in this population. Cancer patients and clinic staff from one institution's Gastrointestinal and Radiation Oncology departments participated in the immersive VR-enhanced relaxation and mindfulness experience for this IRB-exempt study. Users completed a pre-VR survey via iPad assessing baseline knowledge and practice of stress reduction techniques, baseline stress, and familiarity with VR. In the VR app deployed on an Oculus Quest 2, users chose a relaxing water scene (e.g., stream, beach) and optional soothing background music. Users could also choose a relaxation or mindfulness training audio track. A post-VR survey assessed whether the experience affected their subjective stress and sense of wellbeing ("Yes" or "No") as well as the feasibility of using the app. A binomial test on a single proportion was used to test whether more participants (>50%) indicated their stress was reduced following the VR training than did not. Post-VR qualitative verbal feedback was also collected to identify future changes to the VR app. Six patients, a patient's son, and forty-three employees used the VR app. Users were aged ≤ 30 years old (18%), 30-50 years (60%), and 50-70 years (22%). Users completed the VR experience in a median of 14 min (IQR: 11-19 min). In the pre-survey, most (78%) reported they felt stress at this point in their lives. In the post-survey, significantly more than the expected proportion of participants (>50%) reported feeling less stressed after using the VR app (88%, n = 44, p <0.001). Most (90%) reported that the VR app improved their subjective sense of wellbeing. All (100%) users reported it was easy to learn the VR controls. Nearly all (96%) reported they would be interested in using this VR app again, including 30% and 38% who reported they would be "extremely likely" and "very likely," respectively, to use the app again. These findings suggest our VR relaxation and mindfulness training was well accepted and could be integrated into the hospital setting in short sessions. Further work should be done based on participant feedback to expand the offerings of this VR app to offer a wider range of relaxation experiences and gamified psychological interventions that can help de-stress, recharge, and build resiliency.

Gendered Perceptions of Spousal Support and Entrepreneurial Intention: Evidence from Nigeria

In this study, we examined the impact of spousal support on the well-being and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of potential entrepreneurs and the consequent effects on their entrepreneurial intentions. Our goal was to understand how potential entrepreneurs might form an entrepreneurially-positive mindset and whether the relationships driving that mindset might differ between married women and married men. Using structural equation modeling, we tested our model on a sample of 288 married and employed individuals in Nigeria. We find strong evidence of a positive relationship between an individual’s sense of subjective well-being and entrepreneurial self-efficacy – a relationship that in turn positively impacts the likelihood of entrepreneurial intentions. Spousal support – our presumed catalyst of this three-factor relationship – also plays a significant role, but only for women. The results of our study validate three key relationships that catalyze entrepreneurial action and explore the relationship spousal support and gender may play in their interaction. We highlight the importance of well-being in predicting entrepreneurial behavior and conclude with suggestions for further research.

Effects of Group Prenatal Health Care Combined with Happiness Training on Delivery Mode and Maternal Role Adaptation in Elderly Primiparous Women: A Study for Improvements in Patients Health Behavior

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of group prenatal health care combined with happiness training on delivery mode and maternal role adaptation in elderly primiparous women. Methods: A total of 110 elderly primiparous women who were expected to deliver in hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected and assigned to two equal size groups: Group A and Group B. Results:After the nursing intervention, the natural delivery rate of Group A was 85.45%, significantly higher than that of Group B at 52.73% (P<0.05). The initial feeding time and first lactation time of Group A were significantly shorter than those of Group B, and the 48-hour lactation volume was higher than that of Group B (P<0.05). The RAQ scores of Group A, including maternal role happiness score, the baby's impact on the mother's life score, baby's daily living care ability score, and maternal role belief score, were all higher than those of Group B (P<0.05). The GWB score of Group A was significantly higher than that of Group B, while the EPDS score was significantly lower than that of Group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Group prenatal health care combined with happiness training can improve the delivery mode of elderly primiparous women, help them adapt better to their maternal role, and enhance their subjective sense of well-being.

Social media wellbeing: Perceived wellbeing amidst social media use in Norway

Social media use is a topical issue and raises several concerns including online comparison and social media fatigue, which have implications on the perceived wellbeing of users. Thus, this study explores how university students in Norway perceive their wellbeing in respect to their social media usage. To answer this, the study employs a qualitative approach by drawing from a set of 15 in-depth interviews ascertaining how informants perceive their social media use, what ‘balance’ means to their social media connectedness, and how it impacts their subjective sense of wellbeing. The research draws on the theory of mediatization as well as the uses and gratification theory. The mode of analysis rests on an interpretative phenomenological analysis to place findings within the larger context of the role of social media in the daily lives of users. This paper makes a conceptual and empirical contribution. Conceptually, it adds value to how scholarship can theorize wellbeing within social media contexts. Whereas empirically it illuminates how users perceive their wellbeing within the social media landscape and the solutions they propose to balance social media use.

Relationship between Intergenerational Emotional Support and Subjective Well-Being among Elderly Migrants in China: The Mediating Role of Loneliness and Self-Esteem.

With the augmentation of family migration, the number and proportion of elderly migrants have increased dramatically in China. The well-being of this group has a profound impact on the whole society. Subjective well-being is a comprehensive reflection of whether a person's needs are met. In this cross-sectional study, we established a multiple mediation model to evaluate the mediating effects of loneliness and self-esteem on intergenerational emotional support and, consequently, on subjective well-being in elderly migrants. The study population consisted of 728 elderly migrants living in Nanjing (Jiangsu, China), including 219 men (30.1%) and 509 women (69.9%). The participants' loneliness and self-esteem were measured using the R-UCLA Loneliness Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Philadelphia Senior Center Confidence Scale. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant correlation between intergenerational emotional support and subjective well-being, and mediation analysis revealed that intergenerational emotional support indirectly influenced subjective well-being through three mediators: loneliness (mediating effect, 0.149), self-esteem (mediating effect, 0.136), and loneliness and self-esteem (mediating effect, 0.041). We conclude that loneliness and self-esteem mediate the relationship between intergenerational emotional support and subjective well-being in elderly migrants and can be regulated to improve elderly migrants' subjective well-being. Great attention should be paid to the emotional needs of elderly migrants, and communication and exchange with elderly migrants should be emphasized to enhance their subjective sense of well-being.

Subjective Well-Being Among Unaccompanied Refugee Youth: Longitudinal Associations With Discrimination and Ethnic Identity Crisis.

Unaccompanied refugee youth (URY), who as children fled their countries to seek asylum in a foreign country without the company of an adult legal caretaker are described as being in a vulnerable situation. Many of them struggle with mental reactions to traumatic events experienced pre-migration, and to the daily hassles they face after being granted asylum and residence. Despite continuous high levels of mental health problems URY demonstrate remarkable agency and social mobility in the years after being granted asylum in their destination countries. A sense of subjective well-being (SWB) may enable resilient outcomes in people exposed to past or ongoing adversities. To fill the gap in the research literature about positive psychological outcomes among URY, the overall aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations between SWB and two taxing acculturation hassles: perceived discrimination and ethnic identity crisis. Three annual waves of self-report questionnaire data were collected from a population-based sample of URY; n = 581, Mage = 20.01(SD = 2.40), Mlength of stay = 4.63 (SD = 4.40), 82 % male, mainly from Afghanistan, Somalia, Iraq, and Sri Lanka. The longitudinal associations between SWB, perceived discrimination and ethnic identity crisis across time were analyzed using auto-regressive cross-lagged modeling. The results revealed that perceived discrimination, but not ethnic identity crisis, negatively predicted subsequent levels of SWB. More importantly, high levels of SWB at one timepoint predicted decreases in both discrimination and ethnic identity crisis at subsequent timepoints. Further, increases in SWB from one timepoint to the next was associated with significant co-occurring decreases in both discrimination and ethnic identity crisis, and vice versa. Despite the negative effect of perceived discrimination on SWB, promoting SWB in URY can protect them from future hazards of acculturation hassles in complex ways. We underscore the need for more research on SWB among URY and other refugee youth. We further discuss the potential of SWB to foster resilient outcomes in young refugees and suggest that interventions to strengthen SWB among them should consider their transnational and multicultural realities and experiences.

Giving (positive) meaning to downward and horizontal occupational mobility to maintain individual well-being

This study addresses some limitations related to knowledge of the circumstances that contribute to perceptions of downward or horizontal occupational mobility as a positive experience, increasing work satisfaction, labour market security, and maintaining subjective well-being. In pursuing this objective, seven working-life biographies are examined that demonstrate causes of occupational mobility, the investment needed for transition and stabilisation, as well as attitudes towards the destination occupation. Although a sense of meaningful work helps individuals accept a reduced income, interviewees treat it as a transitional period, seeing a possibility for at least some increase in salary. Maintaining one’s original social networks while accepting a less qualified occupation also contributes to preserving individual well-being. These aspects are more pronounced in women’s life stories. A more ambiguous attitude can be seen in the experience of men who encountered occupational and financial decline. While decision-making awareness, confidence in one’s choice, and control of the process helps to stabilize potential frustration caused by decline, some isolation from previous networks appears in the keeping of distance, reducing contact intensity, or staying abroad for longer periods. Perhaps to regain their subjective sense of well-being, the former implements the principle of ‘discrete stages’ in their social life, a notion that reflects the situation of their working life.

A diszpozicionális hála és a mentális egészség kapcsolata várandós nők körében

"The Relationship between Gratitude and Mental Health among Pregnant Women. BACKGROUND – Becoming a mother, that is the forty weeks of pregnancy, is a highlighted stage of life for a woman. It is a defining period for both the mother and her child, who is to be born. Furthermore, gestation can be understood as a normative crisis as well, during which numerous psychological problems may evolve. Therefore, the preservation of mental health and support provided for women are especially important in prenatal care. GOALS – The purpose of this study is to examine the role of gratitude, appreciation, subjective well-being, and social support – as momentous constructs of health psychology – in assisting mental health in the lives of pregnant women and to explore the relations between these variables. METHODS – 79 pregnant women participated in our online, qualitative investigation; 36 of them had been writing gratitude diaries for 4 weeks. We compared the questionnaires’ results (filled out both before and after the intervention) of the experimental group (n = 36) with the results of the control group (n = 43) similarly filled out on two different occasions. The following instruments were used in our study: Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test; Appreciation Scale; Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire; MOS Social Support Survey. RESULTS – Higher appreciation and dispositional gratitude correlates with a higher sense of subjective well-being and a better perception of social support. In the experimental group, writing a gratitude diary was followed by a significant positive change in all questionnaires: the scores for gratitude, appreciation, subjective well-being, and social support increased. CONCLUSIONS – Dispositional gratitude that can be improved by such a simple intervention as writing a gratitude diary is a useful means of supporting the mental health of pregnant women and thereby of preserving and promoting their psychological and physical well-being. Besides medical healthcare, expectant women are in particular need of professional mental support, wherefore it is important not only to maintain their physical health but also to introduce new methods that assist mentally the well-being of pregnant persons. Keywords: gratitude, pregnancy, mental health, well-being, social support "