Sense Of Honor Research Articles

The Economic Resources of the Jahili Arabs

The Arabs had established their name and place in Arab civilization since ancient times. They were well aware of the secret that nations that remain economically backward can never achieve progress and prosperity. They worked tirelessly and with great skill in the economic field to maintain their freedom and autonomy, which was their natural characteristic. This is evident from their economic life.We see that their commercial life not only fulfilled their economic needs, but also enabled them to establish cultural and civilizational ties with the nations of the world, which is certainly a testament to their high capabilities. They worked with courage to open up the rocky lands of Arabia and make them arable, and they used their ingenuity and craftsmanship to create countless products.An important feature of their society was that even the common man did not shy away from hard work and labor. If someone could not find anything else to do, they would take up herding as their occupation. Although some individuals, devoid of natural good sense, also adopted uncivilized methods for earning a living, the Arabs' sense of honor and pride generally prevented them from doing so.By adhering to their social values, they always ensured the stability of their economic condition and protected themselves from any external element. This was a historical achievement of an extraordinary kind.

RESEARCH ON THE MOTIVATION ISSUES AND COUNTERMEASURES FOR XI'AN LIAN JIA REAL ESTATE SALES STAFF

In recent years, with the increasingly fierce competition in the external market, Xi'an Lian Jia Real Estate Company has also suffered a significant blow, with a notable decline in business performance. To better stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of employees and promote the healthy and stable development of the enterprise, this paper selects the marketing staff of Xi'an Lian Jia Real Estate Company as a case study for analysis.
 The paper proposes principles and objectives for optimizing the incentive mechanism for sales staff at Xi'an Lian Jia Real Estate Company and designs the following optimization schemes: enhancing employees' sense of honor, broadening the channels for staff promotion, rationalizing organizational performance settings, improving the incentive and remuneration systems, strengthening the reward and punishment mechanism for grassroots employees, adopting flexible welfare systems within the cost constraints, and enhancing the internal motivation of sales staff. To ensure the effective implementation of the sales staff incentive mechanism optimization scheme, this paper suggests the following measures: formulating a scientific execution plan for the scheme; creating a positive atmosphere that genuinely cares for the grassroots employees; and increasing investment in sales personnel by seriously listening to their opinions.

Role cognition of assigned nurses supporting Hubei Province in the fight against COVID-19 in China: a hermeneutic phenomenological study.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses played a crucial role in clinical treatment. As a special group, front-line nurses, especially those assigned to support Hubei Province in the fight against COVID-19 between February and April 2020, brought diverse experiences from different provinces in China in taking care of COVID-19 patients and role cognition. Therefore, our purpose is to explore the real coping experience and role cognition of front-line nurses during the novel coronavirus outbreak to provide relevant experience references for society and managers in the face of such major public health emergencies in the future. This qualitative study was performed using the phenomenological hermeneutics method. This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The interviewees were 53 front-line nurses who assisted and supported the fight against COVID-19 in Hubei Province during the COVID-19 epidemic. Data were collected through individual online and telephone interviews using a semi-structured interview during March 2020. The COREQ guidance was used to report this study. The findings revealed that front-line nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19 developed a context-specific role cognition of their work and contribution to society. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed 15 sub-categories and 5 main categories. These five themes represented the different roles identified by nurses. The roles included expectations, conflicts, adaptation, emotions, and flow of blessing. Belief in getting better, a sense of honor, and training could help them to reduce feelings of conflict in this role and adapt more quickly. This article discusses the real coping experience and role cognition of front-line nurses during the novel coronavirus epidemic. It provides relevant experience references for society and managers to face similar major public health emergencies in the future. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates how non-local nurses sent to Hubei to work perceived their roles as part of a larger narrative of patriotism, duty, solidarity, and hope.

The wrong of mercenarism: a promissory account

The wrong of mercenarism: a promissory account

Developing a scale for psychological ownership in the tourism industry

PurposeThe present study aims to identify the dimensions of destination psychological ownership (DPO) from tourists’ perspectives and to develop a reliable and valid measurement scale.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed method has been applied in this study for the development of a scale to measure psychological ownership (PO) of tourists. The first stage includes identifying the PO dimensions of tourists toward the tourist destinations through in-depth interviews with experts (university professors, managers and experts in the tourism industry). Theme analysis was applied to analyze the data in this stage. A quantitative survey was conducted among tourists during the second stage. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed and its reliability and validity were investigated. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to examine the structural model and its validity.FindingsThe findings revealed that the DPO from tourists’ perspectives includes six dimensions for the sense of attachment, responsibility, the sense of trust, the sense of honor, the sense of gratification and self-identity toward tourist destinations. The validity of the conceptual model was confirmed according to the results of the quantitative section of the study.Originality/valueThe present study is one of the limited numbers of studies coping with PO, especially in the field of tourism, from the view of the consumer. The present study identifies the dimensions of the DPO of tourists and develops an instrument to measure them. Therefore, the developed questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to measure the DPO in future research.

Effects of Motivational and Behavioral Factors on Job Productivity: An Empirical Investigation from Academic Librarians in Pakistan.

The major objective of the current study was to find out the impact of motivational factors on the job outcomes of librarians working in HEC-recognized university libraries in Pakistan. A survey research method followed by predictive correlational design was applied to test the constructed hypotheses in this study. The population of the study was library professionals working in the university libraries of Lahore, Pakistan. There were 13 public sector universities and 21 private sector universities. The census sampling technique was used to collect data from the respondents of the 34 universities. Data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. Out of 225 respondents, 189 completed questionnaires were received. Hence, the response rate was 84%. The gathered data were analyzed through SPSS software. Descriptive and inferential statistical tests were applied to find out the impact of motivational and behavioral factors on the job outcomes of information professionals. The findings of the study showed that different types of motivation influenced information professionals to carry out innovative and value-added services in the workplace. Rewards, a sense of honor, an amicable work environment, and autonomy were the key categories of motivation that encouraged information professionals to undertake efficient job performance. Recommendations provided through a framework based on the findings of the study will prove to be a benchmark for policymakers, human resource managers, and heads of institutions in order to formulate such techniques that might motivate information professionals for the implementation of user-centric services.

Research on UGS Cooperative Cultivation Mechanism of Normal University Students' Educational Practice

Educational practice is not only an important part of normal education, but also the initial experience of normal university students entering the front line of basic education. Through educational practice, the paper considers the theoretical knowledge reserve of normal university students and evaluates their professional teaching skills. It is also a review of teachers' sense of honor and professional belonging, which lays a solid foundation for engaging in primary and secondary education and teaching work and continuous professional development. Aiming at the problems existing in the education practice of normal university students, this paper constructs a UGS collaborative education and training mechanism based on universities, local governments and primary and secondary schools. The specific application measures are put forward from four aspects: building UGS information platform based on information technology, strengthening the communication and cooperation among the three parties of UGS, strengthening the organization and management of educational practice, and promoting the evaluation of the use process. The research results can be used to guide the internship work of normal university students, and can also be used as a reference for other majors to carry out collaborative education.

Rethinking Ethics in International Affairs: Reshaping Civilizational Discourse

The notion and applicability of ethics in the public sphere have become a relatively obscure matter with the prevailing incursion of political secularism. The functioning model of contemporary polity leads us to believe that ethics play no role in politics, whether at the national or international levels. Ethics is not a predominant concept in the leading international relations theories, such as realism and liberalism. Pacing these theories, for which the power struggle is a more central concept, this article argues that ethics play a significant role in politics and remains an essential element in understanding and analyzing foreign policy. Neglecting or ignoring ethics limits our appraisal and hinders us from perceiving the whole picture in analyzing international affairs. This article proposes a way forward through more responsible politics in dealing with and understanding global affairs. Responsible ethical politics means taking the best potentially ethical actions that circumstances permit at the national and international levels. This paper employs an interpretative approach with qualitative research via secondary published materials to engage the debate on ethics. In this study, the theoretical framework is the conception of al-Murūʼah (sense of honor), which presents a normative foundation for dealing with others nationally and internationally. Three sub-concepts develop from al-Murūʼah, First, al-Mu’āzarah (assistance without expecting compensation,) second, al-Miyāsrah (relieving others from discomfort or crises), and third, al-Ifḍāl generosity.

Postoperative complications and their association with post-traumatic stress disorder in academic vascular surgeons

ObjectivesPostoperative complications are an inherent component of surgical practice. This study seeks to address their association with emotional responses of academic vascular surgeons. MethodsAn anonymous electronic survey was sent to all vascular surgery program directors in North America with a request to disseminate to their faculty. The survey captured data on demographics and practice type and used imbedded validated measures to determine emotional responses to postoperative complications and to assess coping mechanisms. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences between those who reported at least partial symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following their worse major complication over the previous year and those who did not. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for all covariates found significant on univariate analysis, and those deemed clinically relevant. ResultsThe survey was distributed to 267 faculty at 128 institutions in the United States and 10 institutions in Canada and completed by 65 participants (response rate, 32%). Twenty of 65 (31%) identified as female, and the total group had a mean age of 47 ± 10.2 years. Most respondents (43/65; 66%) reported a major complication within 3 months of the survey, with the majority of respondents (45/65; 69%) reporting the outcome of patient mortality. Of respondents, 20 of 65 (31%) demonstrated at least partial symptoms of PTSD in response to the worst complication from the previous year, with 12 of 65 (19%) meeting the clinical diagnosis of PTSD. Respondents in the PTSD group were more likely to criticize/blame themselves following the complication (P = .0028); less likely to identify the complication as “expected” (P = .048) or to believe causes of their complications were due to others/external factors; and more likely to identify as a female (55% vs 20%; P = .008). Regarding support following major complications, most respondents (57/65; 88%) desired the ability to discuss details of the case with a respected peer. The most common external pressure influencing their emotional responses to complications was maintaining reputation and a sense of honor (66%). Gender differences persisted on multivariate analysis (P = .016). ConclusionsEmotional responses following major postoperative complications in vascular surgery are common and may pose a risk for PTSD. This may occur more commonly following complications that are unexpected or in cases in which the cause of the complication was due to a perceived or actual surgical mistake. The ubiquitous nature and severity of the emotional toll of major complications for vascular surgeons is poorly described and under-recognized. Gender-related differences may exist, and most surgeons desire a support network of respected peers with whom to discuss complications.

Evlilik Öncesi Dönemdeki Çiftlerde Kadına İlişkin Namus Anlayışı ve Şiddet Eğilimi Arasındaki İlişki: Cinsiyetler Açısından Karşılaştırılmalı Bir Çalışma

Aim: This research was conducted to compare the relationship between the sense of honor towards women and the tendency to violence in premarital couples in terms of genders. 
 Material and Method: The sample of this cross-sectional and comparative study consisted of 215 (Female=119, Male=96) people who applied to a public health center in eastern Turkey for their wedding ceremony. Data; The Personal Information Form was collected with the “Honor Concept Perception Toward Women Scale” (KINATO) and the “The Violence Tendency Scale” (VTS). In statistical evaluation; mean, standard deviation, percentile distribution, Cronbach’s alpha and pearson correlation analysis were used.
 Results: It was determined that the total mean score of KINATO was 54.15±15.89 in premarital women and 62.31±13.85 in men, and both genders had an undecided and traditional attitude in terms of honor. It was determined that the total point average and all sub-dimensions of KINATO and the VTS of the men in the premarital period were significantly higher than those of the women (p

Exile, masculine honor, and gender relations among the Tuareg from Mali in Niamey, Niger

ABSTRACT This article explores how adverse living conditions of relocation affect practices by which Tuareg men from Mali assert gender identity in Niamey. The argument is based on a two-step analysis. First, the article discusses the changing conditions of household economies and family relations and reflects on how men’s sense of honor has been affected; and, second, it delves into how women negotiate male honor in response to these adverse conditions. By examining these processes, the article places the empirical focus of a study of masculinity on women. It departs from men’s studies that focus on how men seek to control women or in other ways understand masculinity as a reflection of intergenerational dynamics and tensions among men. The analysis draws influence from scholarly works on shame and honor in African and Mediterranean studies, research carried out by social psychologists, and recent men’s studies.

Analysis of willingness and influencing factors of nursing undergraduates to engage in elderly service management

Under the background of population aging, the development of pension industry urgently needs colleges and universities to cultivate highlevel elderly service management talents. In this paper, 513 nursing undergraduates were investigated with self-made questionnaire. The results showed that the overall willingness of nursing undergraduates to engage in elderly service management was not high, and there was a significant difference in the willingness of nursing undergraduates with different demographic characteristics (P < 0.05). On the basis of in-depth analysis of influencing factors, the article holds that we should actively promote the cultivation of senior service management personnel at undergraduate level by guiding students to establish a sense of honor, enhancing their professional cognition of pension service, and reasonably positioning the training objectives to adapt to the professional development of nursing undergraduates.

Patriarchy and Virginity Myth in the Mahābhārata

Scriptures are often used to make patriarchal control sacrosanct over women’s bodies. A stereotypical monogamous woman is generally idealised by patriarchy; Polyandrous Draupadī in the Mahābhārata, however, stands sharply in contrast and the epic struggles to legitimise it by different myths to soothe the moral discomfort. Principal women characters of the epic like Draupadī, Kuntī and Satyavatī having more than one man in their life suggest that during the early stages of development of the epic, the values that governed man–women relations were not as rigid as they became later. During the growth of the epic, the lives of these women characters were transformed according to patriarchal perception, which expects that a woman should be a virgin when a man marries her. As a way out, the epic repeatedly restores the virginity of these women characters. As men are considered as owners/protectors of womens’ bodies/sexuality, the restoration seems to have restored the sense of honour and also redeemed the transgressions of men who ‘soiled’ them. Obsession with virginity also indicates the attitude of the commodification of the woman’s body. These women characters are portrayed as passive, whose lives and bodies are manipulated according to men’s perception.

Digital Piracy among Young Adults: The Role of Values and Time Perspectives

The aim of the research is to measure the extent of piracy among young adults and to relate this phenomenon to variables, such as values and time orientation. The research fits into the risk paradigm of cyber research. The research was carried out in Northern Cyprus, a country with a persistently high rate of digital piracy. The research involved 318 young adults (Mean Age: 20.9, SD: 2.47). The research process was conducted through the triangulation of three questionnaires: Piracy Risk Scale, Time Perspective Inventory, and the Values Scale. Based on the data collected, it was noted that piracy is not a rare phenomenon among young people (similar to other e-risks), and it is most common for files related to entertainment to be systematically downloaded. Digital piracy is linked to the level of digital competence, as well as hedonistic and fatalistic attitudes to time and values such as materialism and sense of honour. Despite technological developments maximising the legal circulation of cultural and other digital content, piracy has still not been completely eliminated.

Metaphors in the Reports on the Reform and Opening-up Policy in China

This study, based on the BCC (Beijing Language and Culture University Corpus Center) corpus, systematically analyzed the metaphorical reasoning of the Reform and Opening-up in China. It finds a tendency of concentration for the sources. The top four sources (Journey: 83.14%; Nature: 8.16%; War: 6.31%; Building (1.15%) contributed 98.76% of the resonance among all the 16 source domains. These four sources highlight two important aspects: Events (Journey, War and Building) and Conditions (Nature). The different sources share some highlights such as leadership, participant, places, result and process, but they also have specific foci: Journey on decision making, destination and motivations; War on risks, conflicts and tactics; Building on complex structure of the project. These productive sources can reveal the ideologies promoted by the government which inspired people’s devotion, patience, openness, tactics, alertness, sense of honor and morale.

Hutcheson's Contentious Sense of Honour

The moral sense is at the heart of Hutcheson's system. Its prominent role in this philosopher's morals and posterior commentary eclipses the rest of the senses, but there is at least one sense that deserves more attention in scholarship: the sense of honour. The reason the sense of honour, and its subordination to the moral sense, is attention-worthy is that it combats Mandeville's idea of honour as artifice. First, I flesh out the tension between pride and the moral sense and a possible tension between the sense of honour and the moral sense. Next, I show how Hutcheson expanded and elaborated on the sense of honour, particularly in his later works ( System and Compendiaria). His strategy consisted in dissolving the tension between the sense of honour and the moral sense.

Pre-Socratic Understandings of Moral Identity: The Theoretical Infrastructure, Development, Reliability and Validity of the Philotimo Scale

The word Philotimo has often been literally translated from Greek to English as ‘love for honour’ or a ‘sense of honour’. This love for honour is described as being a pillar of upholding societal functioning at an optimal level, and an instigator of doing what is right for oneself and others; yet, there is no literature measuring or defining Philotimo. Philotimo is a commitment to unconditional selfless acts that are aligned to a sense of a moral identity; a definition derivative of the literature search and the enquiry of the core principles of Philotimo of the present research. In six studies ( N = 1144), the development and validation of the Philotimo Scale is described. In Study 1, Greek participants were asked to rate how much they thought they possessed the trait, which correlated with the total score of the scale, while in Study 2 bilingual Greeks were asked to fill in both versions of the scale with a 2-week interval. Study 3 assessed the reliability of the scale, and Study 4 its stability over time. Study 5 assessed the factor structure, and Study 6 validated the scale against other standardised scales. Together these studies propose a reliable and valid measure that is representative of the Greek sense of Philotimo.

Voicing the silence: the naturalisation of violence under the rule occupation

ABSTRACT This article addresses the relevance of Israeli soldier narrations in which they bear witness to human agency under conflict and adversity to call for the end of the occupation of the Palestinian territories. The soldiers, members of the NGO Breaking the Silence, speak up about the occupation, showing the conflicting experiences of military and civilian life in a society that normalises the denial of military human rights violations. By asking Israeli society to listen to their stories, the soldiers’ accounts show how the historic military power in the Occupied Palestine Territories (OPT) has evolved into a naturalisation of violence that generates a radical configuration of intractability, which has transformed the perception and meaning of violence. By framing the soldiers’ accounts in the space fragmentation and securitisation practices, the article argues how the asymmetrical use of force is exerted to manage and control the lives of the Palestinian population. The speech act addresses the ethics of doing something to make a difference in the conflict and the wish to renew social bonds, redefine pride and shame and return a sense of honour, loyalty and self-respect.

Френсис Хатчесон о стыде

The paper analyzes the conception of shame of the British sentimentalist Francis Hutcheson. It rests on the understanding of moral virtue as a representation of benevolence and the iden­tification of shame with the misery from the unfavorable opinions of others. For Hutcheson, shame complements honour as a second part of the particular human capacity that linked to the moral sense. In ‘An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue’, Hutch­eson is arguing with Bernard Mandeville about the role of shame and honour in the genesis of morality. He tries to show that the general approval of benevolence and the love of public good cannot be born out of self-love and a sensitivity to public opinion. He uses three argu­ments: a) shame is an immediate evil, b) shame is inseparable from the moral sense, b) their link is independent from public opinion. In addition, Hutcheson demonstrates that the sense of honour and shame can deviate from the moral sense in par­ticular instances via some asso­ciations. Hutcheson’ attitude to these deviations is uncertain and ambivalent. In ‘A System of Moral Philosophy’, honour and shame accompany not only the moral sense but also the sense of decency and dignity. This treatise also contains a brief polemics with Aristotle on the role of emotions generated by opinions of others in the pro­cess of moral self-improve­ment. Hutcheson’s conception of shame is a step in the develop­ment of socialized interpreta­tion of this emotion. Theoretically, it is interesting as an attempt to analyze origins of the particular lists of subjects of shame.

Cancer caregiver reports of post-traumatic growth following spousal hematopoietic stem cell transplant

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Cancer caregivers are at risk for experiencing health issues due to the stress of caregiving. Despite this, it is possible to prompt adaptive coping during the cancer experience. Adaptive coping is associated with improved health for caregiver populations. Forms of emotional disclosure are associated with caregiver reports of post-traumatic growth (PTG), which is an adaptive coping mechanism that comprises positive change following trauma. This study sought to identify areas of PTG identified by spousal hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) cancer caregivers, via emotional disclosure writings. Design & Method Twenty-two spousal caregivers of patients who underwent a (HSCT) submitted emotional disclosure writings three times at one-week intervals. Writings centered on positive outcomes arising in light of the cancer experience. A qualitative grounded theory approach was used to evaluate caregiver accounts of PTG that arose while caring for their spouse. Results & Conclusions Findings suggest seven areas of PTG recognized through the disclosure process: living in the moment, a sense of honor and pride, choosing positivity, uninfluenced self-choice and expression, deprioritizing materialism, personal and/or spiritual connection, and altruistic expansion. The primary theoretical advancement arising from this study includes the notion that PTG largely appears to be a socially dependent process. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02339870..