Sense Of Euphoria Research Articles

Memberikan Pendidikan Pentingnya Ilmu Komputer dan Manajemen, Semangat Anti Narkoba dan Berprestasi Siswa di Masa Pandemi untuk Masa Depan yang Gemilang di SMAN 2 Medan

Education Computing and management knowledge is very important related to the human ability to access the internet and self-management to know about the dangers of drugs as early possible we inform children, students and neighbors in the surrounding environment that drugs have a negative impact on human health and survival, there are many types of drugs that have been circulating throughout Indonesia which are not only consumed by the public, artists , government officials and even state official of areas North Sumatra. This is very influential and has a negative impact on the development of self and the soul of adolescent children characterized by frequent truancy during study hours, often sleepy while studying in class, declining grades because they do not care about school and never study again, changes in attitudes and personality such as irritability , likes to steal justifies all means and does not care about personal health. Meanwhile, the dangers for students in the short term when consuming illegal drugs are characterized by increased heart rate, sleeplessness or insomnia, no appetite, unclear speech, changes in cognitive abilities, and a sense of euphoria and loss of coordination of the student's body parts if consuming drugs this means it can damage the moral life of the younger generation. The population in this service is 33 students majoring in social studies with the technique of determining the choice is the census technique. Data collection by interview, question and answer and documentation.

Alprazolam addiction: The case study

IntroductionAlprazolam is an anxiolytic, a benzodiazepine derivative of the middle duration of action. It is one of the most frequently prescribed medication for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorder. Under the action of a drug, a person feels incredible ease, a sense of euphoria, absence of problems, a sense of safety.ObjectivesA 55-year woman was admitted to psychiatric clinic in Ivano - Frankivsk.MethodsShe was assesed by the clinicopsychopatological method (clinical interview) and additional methods (MRI, EEG, pathopsycological assessment).ResultsThe main findings were: atactic procession, tremor of the limbs and the whole body, poor attention, speech impairment, retarded thinking, fixation and reproductive amnesia with the components of progressive amnesia, change handwriting. The mood is lowered with unstable affect, lack of insight. She reported burning and tingling of the head as a main problem. She developed amotivation, bad activity and drowsiness, bradycardia, decreased blood pressure. She took Alprazolam during a period of 1,5 year in gradually increasing doses. The last dose was 12 tablets of Alprazolam per day. The patient was consulted again in a year. She does not take Alprazolam. She takes valproate and escitalopram. She did not demonstrate severe neurological symptoms which were seen a year ago.ConclusionsThus, though alprazolam is one of the best anxiolytic substance it should be prescribed only by the doctor for a short course (no more than 4-5 weeks). The treatment must include psychoeducation in order to make patients be aware about possible addiction and unsafety of prolonged and uncontrolled usage of alprazolam.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Late Socialism as a Time of Weeping: The Life, Death, and Resurrection of Vladimir Vysotskii

Late Socialism as a Time of WeepingThe Life, Death, and Resurrection of Vladimir Vysotskii Joy Neumeyer (bio) In October 1985, a fan of Vladimir Vysotskii attended the unveiling of a new sculpture at his grave. People came dressed up, "as if to a holy place," he noted in his typed observations of the scene. Reflecting on the enormous number of poems on Vysotskii's death that were circulating in both official publications and samizdat, he tried to identify the source of Vysotskii's appeal. Comparing him to a 15th-century prophet who called on the people to pity Mother Russia for her suffering, he determined that Vysotskii performed a similar function: "Vysotskii is the prophet of our age … he gathered all the people's pain in his heart, and his heart was big enough for all!" He concluded that "although for a long time we haven't believed in God or the devil, and all holidays, whether old or new, are just another average day," many people "believe in Vysotskii like the new Christ."1 Crowds had begun to gather at Vysotskii's grave in the days and months after his death during the 1980 Moscow Olympics, when thousands lined up outside the Taganka Theater in a display of grief that some observers compared to the death of Stalin.2 Bearing flowers, food, and tape recorders playing his songs, they formed a cemetery subculture that continued to grow in the coming years. Visitors from across the Soviet Union made special trips [End Page 511] or stopped by on their way through town to pay homage to the bard whose work was considered an "encyclopedia" of Soviet life.3 Meanwhile, evenings of memory, listening parties, poetry readings, and other mourning events proliferated across the country. Recent scholars have reframed traditional views of late socialism as a time of stagnation, calling attention to its dynamic social milieus, consumption habits, and other signs of vibrancy.4 As both a state-backed movie star and a semi-underground singer, Vysotskii performed the paradoxes of late Soviet life, reaping benefits from the system while mocking its absurdities. The huge amount of fan activity surrounding Vysotskii testifies to the period's cultural effervescence, considerable leisure time, and strong social networks. But it also reveals a society that wept as much as it winked. Vysotskii voiced the late Soviet Union's sense of feast in the time of plague, its mixture of relative material comfort and spiritual malaise. In the process of suffocation (udush´e, or hypoxia), which Vysotskii sang about in one of his most beloved songs, the dissipation of oxygen is accompanied by a sense of euphoria. While expressing desperation, he and his fans operated in late socialism's flourishing space between the permitted and the prohibited, where illicit goods were obtained and a good time was had. This article's first half explores Vysotskii's creative output and contemporary image. He specialized in playing rebels who acted out while remaining part of the pack, in a persona that drew on the tension between mass popularity and marginality. His fusion of absurdist humor and maximalist melancholy culminated in his fixation on death and dying. He sang from the perspective of a wolf cornered by hunters, a horseback rider falling off the edge of a precipice, and a corpse witnessing its own funeral. The morbidity of his songs was projected onto his body: his voice was often described as sounding strangled, and he seemed to perform on the brink of death.5 [End Page 512] Against the backdrop of the aging Politburo, Vysotskii's exuberant borderline condition appeared to be an affirmation of individual vigor. Some listeners drew on his lyrics to confess their own ailments, forming an "emotional community" based on the aestheticization of despair.6 The article's second half follows Vysotskii's death and transfiguration, when grieving fans diagnosed Soviet society as sick. Vysotskii brought the era's central tendencies to their culmination and breaking point; the shock of his passing (and its relative absence from the media) exposed the fissures in his image and fed exhaustion with late socialism's atmosphere of irony. By the mid-1980s, Vysotskii's sense of...

Challenges of Treating Methamphetamine-Positive Patients

Methamphetamines are addictive stimulants that induce dopamine release, a sense of euphoria, and increased libido. The effects of methamphetamine in inhibiting control of cognitive behavior and increasing arousability are thought to augment the potential for violence. Withdrawal from methamphetamine produces symptoms such as depression, fatigue, hypersomnolence, irritability, and agitation. Per the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), abuse of methamphetamine has increased in the past few years from 440,000 in 2012 to 569,000 in 2014. Wider use in the general population has led to an escalation in related emergency department visits and mounting expenditures due to prolonged length of hospitalization.

Patients’ experiences of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a qualitative systematic review and synthesis

ObjectiveTo review and synthesise qualitative research studies that have explored patients’ experience of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).DesignSystematic review and meta-synthesis of 7 original papers, using...

Tapping the Wire: A Telegraphic Discourse

AbstractFocusing on mid- to late nineteenth century texts about the telegraph, this essay traces a US literary discourse around this groundbreaking technological innovation that sees writers move from a sense of euphoria over seemingly having overcome the confines of time, space, and embodiedness to the gothic gloom of war and surveillance, finding its end in a subgenre of regressive telegraphic romances. Discussing short journal pieces from periodicals such as the Atlantic Monthly and Harper’s as well as more canonical texts (from Walt Whitman to Emily Dickinson), “Tapping the Wire” analyses this cultural evolution in light of poststructuralist media-theoretical paradigms to come to a closer understanding of the epistemological issues these fictions brought to bear on telegraphy as the first truly digital means of communication—and arguably the founding technology of our current technosocial landscape(s).

Aggression Of Drug Users Against The Others And The Need For Psychotherapeutic Crisis/Preventive Intervention (Case Study)

Divergent (deviant) behaviour is a natural reaction to the situation, caused by rising conflicts between the individual target pursuit and social norms. Deviant behaviour and normative behaviour are equally important components of social behaviour [1]. Since the emergence of norms of social behaviour, society has always tried to ensure safety and to eliminate unwanted forms of human activities [2]. The results of the sociological researches show that the main causes and motives of drug use are desire for pleasure and wish to experience a sense of euphoria. Since in many cases drug users are young people, these motives are supported by social immaturity, carelessness and frivolity. Most of the drug users under research (77.1 % of the respondents) have been involved into this quagmire by others, mostly their friends, acquaintances or representatives of hedonistic philosophy [3]. The need for psychotherapeutic crisis/preventive intervention for drug users, who often demonstrate breakthroughs of aggressive behaviour against the others, can be considered as a complex research problem. Goal: to reveal the need for psychotherapeutic crisis/preventive intervention for drug users, who demonstrate aggressive behaviour against the others. Objective: to analyse the need for psychotherapeutic crisis/preventive intervention for drug users, by applying a case study. Methods. Qualitative research method: a case study (psychotherapy with drug users, who demonstrate aggression against the others). The psychotherapeutic sessions provided within the first ten days after the first meeting with the drug user have been analysed. Results. The results of the case study have shown that the psychotherapeutic relationship without evaluation and accusation creates a sufficiently safe contact, during which the addicted person starts talking about his criminal experiences and the situations and circumstances that had led him to commit the crimes. In the process of sharing the feelings of shame and guilt are felt and experienced. Appearance of these feelings and ability to experience them suggest that it is important for individuals suffering from addiction to comply with social norms and to be accepted, but the “desperation” of the situation and inability to see further force them to behave recklessly. The psychotherapeutic process has allowed the person to feel accepted, regardless of the actions, arising desires, thoughts and feelings; it has enabled the person to view the actual circumstances as if “from the distance” and to evaluate both the situation itself and the consequences of the selected actions in a more objective way. Conclusions. The need for psychotherapeutic crisis/ preventive intervention for drug users, who demonstrate aggression against the others is significant due to the following reasons: 1) when faced with a critical situation (e.g., need for a dose), a drug user is prone to violate social norms, by demonstrating aggressive behaviour against the others; 2) an addicted person, who experiences social acceptance, is more prone to maintain the behaviour compliant with social norms; 3) acknowledgement of deviant behaviour (talking openly) allows better understanding of both the behaviour itself and its destructive impact on the person and those around him/her; 4) the analysis of the crisis helps to see it as not so critical and look for the socially acceptable ways of overcoming it.

Is the mechanism of ‘poppers maculopathy’ photic injury?

'Poppers' is a slang term referring to recreational substances of abuse belonging to the alkyl nitrite family of compounds. Inhalation of the fumes from these volatile nitric oxide (NO) donors may provide a brief sense of euphoria and sexual arousal. Language: en

Exercise Training: A “Medicine” for Depression in Chronic Heart Failure?

Exercise training has been shown to be beneficial in terms of increasing functional capacity, improving quality of life, and reducing cardiovascular mortality in CHF patients, while there is growing evidence that it can also decrease levels of depression [4]. Nowadays, SSRIs remain the first-line anti-depressive treatment in CHF patients; however, it has contraindications and collateral effects that often limit its use in such population. Interestingly, a recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that exercise training and SSRIs can be both effective in treating depression in CHF population and that there is no significant difference between these two medical treatment choices in terms of the size of their effect [5]. The improvement was independent of the severity of CHF syndrome. These challenging data raise the question for medical doctors: is exercise training a new “medicine” for depression in CHF? The above mentioned meta-analysis provides confirming evidence that exercise training maybe really a “medicine” for treating depression in CHF. Exercise besides several positive effects reduces stress, restores circadian rhythm and autonomic nervous system imbalance, improves self esteem, mental wellness and increases sense of euphoria, all possible contributing factors that may explain antidepressive beneficial effects in CHF. Despite its great beneficial effects, exercise training is limited mainly from the low percentage of adherence in exercise training programs by CHF patients. Even though exercise training programs are highly recommended (recommendation Class I) [6], less than 20% of CHF patients are participating in a cardiac rehabilitation program according to a recent European survey [7]. In the large HF-ACTION study, only 30% of CHF patients who assigned to exercise training arm, reached the training goal of 120 minutes after the first 3 months [8], whereas initial training goal was 200 minutes. Depression in CHF maybe per se a limiting factor for reduced adherence in exercise training programs. Exercise training is relatively inexpensive, easy to perform with few contraindications (if adequately prescribed after medical assessment and supervision) and might be considered as an alternative or complementary intervention to antidepressive drugs (SSRIs).

Cocaine cardiotoxicity: a review of the pathophysiology, pathology, and treatment options.

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant that gives users a temporary sense of euphoria, mental alertness, talkativeness, and a decreased need for food and sleep. Cocaine intoxication is the most frequent cause of drug-related death reported by medical examiners in the US, and these events are most often related to the cardiovascular manifestations of the drug. Once playing a vital role in medicine as a local anesthetic, decades of research have established that cocaine has the ability to cause irreversible structural damage to the heart, greatly accelerate cardiovascular disease, and initiate sudden cardiac death. Although pathologic findings are often reported in the literature, few images are available to support these findings, and reviews of cocaine cardiopathology are rare. We describe the major pathologic findings linked to cocaine abuse in earlier research, their underlying mechanisms, and the treatment approaches currently being used in this patient population. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all English language articles from January 2000 to June 2008 with the subject headings and key words 'cocaine', 'heart', 'toxicity', and 'cardiotoxicity'. Epidemiologic, laboratory, and clinical studies on the pathology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology of the effects of cocaine on the heart were reviewed, along with relevant treatment options. Reference lists were used to identify earlier studies on these topics, and related articles from Google Scholar were also included. There is an established connection between cocaine use and myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Numerous mechanisms have been postulated to explain how cocaine contributes to these conditions. Among these, cocaine may lead to MI by causing coronary artery vasoconstriction and accelerated atherosclerosis, and by initiating thrombus formation. Cocaine has also been shown to block K+ channels, increase L-type Ca2+ channel current, and inhibit Na+ influx during depolarization, all possible causes for arrhythmia. Additionally, cocaine use has been associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy, which can lead to heart failure if drug use is continued. Certain diagnostic tools, including ECG and serial cardiac markers, are not as accurate in identifying MI in cocaine users experiencing chest pain. As a result, clinicians should be suspicious of cocaine use in their differential diagnosis of chest pain, especially in the younger male population, and proceed more cautiously when use is suspected. Treatment for cocaine-related cardiovascular disease is in many ways similar to treatment for traditional cardiovascular disease. However use of beta-receptor antagonists and class Ia and III anti-arrhythmics is strongly discouraged if the patient is likely to continue cocaine use, because of documented adverse effects. The medical community is in urgent need of a pharmacologic adjunct to cocaine-dependence treatment that can deter relapse and reduce the risks associated with cardiovascular disease in these patients.

Americanizing the Sulu Sultanate: Fragrance/Nightmare of U.S. Foreign Policy (circa 1898)

When the war broke out between Spain and the United States, the Spaniards had fought only with wooden ships against modern American warships. This event was known as the Battle of Manila where it made the United States a world super power. The Filipinos fought side by side with the Americans against Spanish colonialism. There was a sense of euphoria a certain scent of fragrance on the interference of the United States as a new player in the Asia Pacific region. When the Treaty of Paris was concluded between Spain and the United States on December 10, 1898 it finally gave the U.S. government an access to enter the Philippines. The presence of the Americans in Sulu was regarded as a new form of colonialism better known as imperialism in the modern age of West America. It affected the status of the sultanate and weakening the century old institution in the east. The coming of the Americans can be considered both as a form of blessing and cursed. The United States, represented by its military and civilian governors introduced policies that affected the entire Sultanate in almost its entire political facet. The paper looked into the strategic programs and designs that made their campaigned in Sulu either as a success or a failure coated with fragrance of promises on one side and nightmare on the other side.

Mind the gap!

If you have ever woken up in hospital after an accident, you might remember a feeling of panic. You know you're in trouble but you can't immediately work out why. For me ‘coming to’ felt like a bit of a mixed blessing. Of course, as the penny dropped, I felt a huge sense of euphoria at being alive, but this was followed by the realization that my body was not the same, and that my reconstructed self has a slow and painful recovery ahead.

Glue sniffing polyneuropathy: an under recognized aspect of a public health hazard

Inhalant use, which includes glue sniffing, has been reported to be between 12% and 17% in adolescents [1]. The “high” associated with glue sniffing is a sense of euphoria that results in a psychological propensity for repeat usage. Glue is a recreational drug that is easily accessible and cheap, therefore making it a widely abused substance among teenagers. An under-recognized aspect of glue sniffing is the potential to develop damage to nerves owing to inhalation of vaporized glue. Much is known about occupational exposure to n-hexane, a major component of glue. Reports of n-hexane polyneuropathy in Japanese shoe manufacturing workers date back to 1969 [2]. Glue sniffing has also been associated with demyelinating polyneuropathy [3]. Because of the potential for serious permanent disability or even death, n-hexane polyneuropathy from glue sniffing remains a serious public health threat. We present a case of a teenager who had been sniffing glue for several years and developed a serious disabling weakness of both legs.

Drugs and sport. Research findings and limitations.

Many types of drugs are used by athletes to improve performance. This paper reviews the literature on 3 categories of drugs: those that enhance performance as stimulants (amphetamines, ephedrine, and cocaine), those that are used to reduce tremor and heart rate (beta-blockers) and those involved in bodyweight gain or loss (anabolic-androgenic steroids, growth hormone, beta 2-agonists, and diuretics). Limitations of research on these drugs as they relate to performance enhancement are also discussed. The numerous studies that have assessed the effects of amphetamines on performance report equivocal results. This may be due to the large interindividual variability in the response to the drug and the small sample sizes used. Most studies, however, show that some individuals do improve exercise performance when taking amphetamines, which may be attributed to their role in masking fatigue. As a stimulant, ephedrine has not been found to improve performance in the few studies available. More recently, ephedrine has been purported to be effective as a fat burner and used by athletes to maintain or improve muscle mass. Although research on individuals with obesity supports the use of ephedrine for fat loss, no studies have been done on athletes. The few studies of cocaine and exercise suggest that little to no performance gains are incurred from cocaine use. Moreover, the sense of euphoria may provide the illusion of better performance when, in actuality, performance was not improved or was impaired. beta-Blockers have been found to reduce heart rate and tremor and to improve performance in sports that are not physiologically challenging but require accuracy (e.g. pistol shooting). However, there is evidence that some individuals may be high responders to beta-blockers to the extent that their heart rate response is so blunted as to impair performance. Although equivocal, several studies have reported that anabolic-androgenic steroids increase muscle size and strength. However, most studies are not well controlled and use insufficient drug doses. One recent well controlled study did find an increase in muscle mass and strength with supraphysiological doses, and the improvements were greater in participants who were also resistance training. There is little information available on the effects of growth hormone on muscle mass or performance in athletes, although data suggest that growth hormone administration does not increase muscle protein synthesis. beta 2-Agonists, such as clenbuterol and salbutamol, when administered orally appear to improve muscular strength due to their potential role in increasing muscle mass. However, studies have not been done using athletes. Diuretics results in a loss of body water and hence bodyweight that can be advantageous for sports with strict bodyweight classifications. There is insufficient evidence on possible performance decrements in the field that could result from dehydration induced by the diuretics. Overall, the most significant concern in studies of drug use is the large inter-individual variability in responses to a drug. Further studies are needed to understand why some individuals are more responsive than others and to assess whether the responses are consistent for a given individual. Most studies of drug effectiveness have not used athletes. The effectiveness of many drugs may be reduced in highly trained athletes because there is a lower margin for improvement.