Sense Of Betrayal Research Articles

Breathing Uneasily: Employees' Stories of Coping With Poor Indoor Air Quality in the Workplace.

This phenomenological study aimed to elucidate the lived experiences of employees suffering from poor indoor air quality (IAQ) in their university workplace. It addresses gaps in understanding IAQ's personal impacts from occupants' perspectives. Prior research on sick building syndrome and indoor air pollution utilized quantitative methods to assess physical health outcomes. However, few studies have adopted qualitative approaches to uncover the meanings ascribed to adverse IAQ experiences and their influences on psychosocial well-being. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five university employees who attributed their chronic illnesses to poor IAQ in their 60-year-old office building with a history of IAQ concerns. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using qualitative techniques including thematic coding to extract key themes conveying shared experiences. Employees depicted the building itself as fundamentally "sick" and stigmatized, compelling complex coping behaviors hindering productivity. Communication breakdowns, mistrust in leadership, and strained workplace relationships were prevalent. A sense of betrayal, powerlessness, and a sense of detachment from the workplace emerged with home as a refuge. Although technically adequate, poor IAQ profoundly damaged perceived health, quality of life, relationships, and satisfaction. The accounts emphasize IAQ's psychosocial dimensions, advancing theoretical links between indoor environments and well-being. Supportive policies, transparency, communication, participatory processes, and human-centered strategies emerge as ways to nurture productivity, well-being, and organizational health.

Organizational trust breaches among nurses and aides: A qualitative study.

Healthcare worker retention and burnout are confounding issues. Trust among workers and their employer, that is, organization, is an important yet underexplored concept in research. The aim of this qualitative study is to explore organizational actions and systems that promote or denigrate trust among registered nurses and patient care aides (aides). The study uses the Model of Psychological Contract as a theoretical framework. Focus groups were conducted to explore the concept of organizational trust and the consequences of broken trust. Registered nurses (RNs) (n=6) and aides (n=6) participated in the study. Six focus groups (three RN and three aide) were conducted, with two participants per group. Focus groups were conducted online. The study's methods were reviewed by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. Among RNs and aides, a sense of trust and feeling valued were important to their sense of relationship with their employers. Trust was breached when resources were scarce, employees did not feel validated and listened to, and problems were not addressed. RNs and aides described feeling devalued when compensation practices were unjust or inequitable, they had limited autonomy, and the employer created an organizational climate where business needs superceded human caring. Consequences of trust breach included burnout, dejection, and feelings of non-belonging. Tangible organizational resources (compensation and staffing) and intangible resources (value, respect, autonomy) are important to RNs and aides alike. Inability to provide these resources diminishes trust and even causes a sense of betrayal. Future research can explore the concepts of organizational justice and interventions to restore lost trust and improve healthcare worker well-being. This is one of only a few identified studies to explore organizational factors and well-being among aides and more research among this healthcare worker population is warranted.

The influence of self‐brand connection on consumer reactions to symbolic incongruency and perceived betrayal

AbstractThis research provides compelling evidence that consumer reactions toward symbolically incongruent brand behaviors depend on their level of self‐brand connection. It challenges the conventional belief that high self‐brand connection works as a protecting shield for brands and reveals that consumers with higher (vs. lower) self‐brand connection react more negatively toward symbolically incongruent brand behaviors because they feel betrayed by the brand. The results unveil that a sense of betrayal can be incited, when a brand's behavior is symbolically incongruent with its established meaning. This pattern of consumer responses is consistent across four experimental studies, which involved a diverse sample of 563 participants from different countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain and used various product categories. The results consistently show that individuals with high self‐brand connection display an increased intention to engage in negative word of mouth, along with a decline in their brand attitudes and purchase intentions, driven by feelings of betrayal. This effect is further intensified for consumers with higher self‐enhancement need. It is worth noting that prior literature on betrayal has often linked such feelings to more significant transgressions and behaviors with immoral connotations.

Conceptualizing and measuring privacy boundary turbulence in technological contexts: Constructing a measurement scale

Digital platforms have provided convenience, but they increase information misuse risks, which can cause privacy boundary turbulence, a key concept of Communication Privacy Management theory. Contrary to previous measurements of turbulence that mostly focus on actual privacy violation experiences, I propose a new measurement scale incorporating the perceived privacy violations. To construct the scale, I first used in-depth interviews (N = 33) to identify four dimensions of privacy turbulence through coding: sense of surveillance, sense of betrayal, sense of harm, and sense of helplessness. Drawing on interview data, I developed items for each dimension and tested the items to refine the scale. In Study Two (N = 283), exploratory factor analysis was used to test potential models. Study Three (N = 687) cross-validated the final factor structure using a separate sample. Study Four (N = 293) tested the discriminant and predictive validity of the measure by comparing it to the Privacy Management Measure scale.

A CONVERGENT PARALLEL MIXED METHODS ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING IN CHINESE AMERICANS: DOES ACCULTURATION MATTER?

Abstract Chinese Americans comprise the largest Asian origin group aged 65 years and older (26%), yet little is known about how aging, particularly in the context of acculturation, is experienced within this group. Further, although immigration scholarship underscores a robust, positive relationship between successful aging and acculturation, how major lifecourse events shape perceptions of aging well in Chinese Americans is not well-understood. Using an intersectional lifecourse perspective, this convergent parallel mixed methods study presents integrated findings from a cross-sectional survey (N=98; 58.2% female; mean age=64.4 years) and qualitative interviews (N=32; 53% female; mean age=59.4 years) with community-dwelling Chinese Americans 50+, about 80% of whom were foreign-born. Survey measures included the Short Acculturation Scale, the Successful Aging Scale, self-reported health, and demographic variables. Quantitative data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. No significant association was found between acculturation and successful aging, even after controlling for length of stay and sociodemographic variables. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed feelings of ambivalence and alienation. Several participants shared that despite having lived in the US for decades, they felt like they “no longer belonged”, feared for their safety, and felt a “sense of betrayal” after the recent increase in Anti-Asian hate crimes. Many were planning to return to their home country, where they believed it would be easier to age successfully. These findings suggest that important turning points in the lifecourse trajectory, such as experiences of racism, can negatively influence perceptions of aging in Chinese Americans, regardless of degree of acculturation and length of stay.

The Perception of Justice Among Wrongfully Convicted Individuals: Life After Exoneration

This study aims to explore the perceptions of justice among individuals who have been wrongfully convicted and later exonerated. Specifically, it seeks to understand the psychological, social, and financial impacts of wrongful convictions on exonerees and their views on the justice system post-exoneration. Employing a qualitative research design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 exonerees. The interviews aimed to gather in-depth insights into their experiences with the criminal justice system, life after exoneration, and their perceptions of justice and injustice. Theoretical saturation was reached, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the studied phenomena. The study identified five major themes: Perception of Justice, Impact of Wrongful Conviction, Legal System Interaction, Reintegration Challenges, and Support Systems. Within these themes, detailed categories emerged, such as Sense of Betrayal, Trust in Legal Institutions, Need for Vindication, Personal Identity, Family Dynamics, Social Stigma, Financial Struggles, Psychological Trauma, Legal Representation, Experience with Law Enforcement, Judicial Process, Employment Difficulties, Social Reintegration, Access to Services, Personal Relationships, Family and Friends, Community Organizations, Public Awareness, and Mental Health Support. These categories encapsulate the multifaceted impact of wrongful convictions, highlighting significant psychological distress, financial hardship, social stigma, and the critical role of support systems in exonerees' reintegration and recovery processes. The study underscores the profound and lasting effects of wrongful convictions on individuals, emphasizing the need for systemic reforms in the criminal justice system. It calls for improved legal representation, compensation mechanisms, and support services to address the challenges faced by exonerees. Additionally, the findings highlight the importance of societal recognition and support to mitigate the stigma and challenges associated with wrongful convictions.

Closing the ranks: Bondedness, sense of self and moral injury during legacy case prosecutions

This article represents an entry point for the sociological study of protests by British Army veterans opposed to legacy case prosecutions arsing out of the conflict in the North of Ireland. Acknowledging the lack of sociological analysis when compared with recent legal, criminological and political studies, it uses insights from military sociology, the sociology of emotions, and the social movement literature to understand how and why veterans have mobilised against these prosecutions. It argues that veterans have resorted to taking collective action for three reasons: out of loyalty to the handful of veterans currently facing prosecution; because these prosecutions challenge their self-image as peacekeepers; and because of their sense of betrayal by the British government. In making this argument, the article highlights how political and moral contestation over past political violence touches on collective and individual identities constructed during that violence, social solidarity within groups impacted by that violence, and different expectations of post-conflict justice in its aftermath.

Intimacy in the strict sense of the term: conflict of intentions in the translation of Malinowski’s diaries

ABSTRACT Translating sensitive or intimate content is a vulnerable type of translation, involving a sense of betrayal or falsification. Scholars have indicated a number of problems mainly in relation to translating autobiographical testimonies, highlighting the translator’s responsibility and manipulation. It seems that these difficulties become even more aggravated in the case of translating an intimate journal written by the diarist with no intended readership in mind. The translation event requires a consistent strategy that acknowledges both the diarist and the new context. This article is aimed to discuss the English translation of Bronislaw Malinowski’s diaries published under the title A Diary in the Strict Sense of the Term. The initially negative reception of the translated text may be explained by the fact that the chosen translation strategy was based on conflict rather than a strategic utilisation of constraints.

Ambiguous Loss for Cambodian American Deportees and Their Families

Through an Ambiguous Loss framework, this study examines how family members in the United States and in Cambodia process grief and cope with deportation and separation. The ongoing sense of loss can result in families feeling stuck, continually dealing with the ambiguity of whether their deported family member is in or out of the family. Individual and group interviews conducted with family members in the United States and in Cambodia revealed the following main themes: frozen grief- inability to move on, ambiguous loss compounded by unclear roles and boundaries, and sense of betrayal. This research examines life after deportation and seeks ways to improve the conditions for families. These findings recognize the painful irony that exist for families dealing with loss from deportation.

To shoot or not to shoot: experiments on moral injury in the context of West Bank checkpoints and COVID-19 restrictions enforcement

ABSTRACT Background Does exposure to events that transgress accepted norms, such as killing innocent civilians, prompt the psychological and emotional consequences of moral injury among soldiers? Moral injury is associated with negative emotions such as guilt, shame and anger, and a sense of betrayal and is identified among veterans following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIE). Objective We experimentally investigate how PMIE characteristics affect the intensity of MI and related negative moral emotions in participants with varied military experience. Method We conducted three controlled, randomized experiments. Each exposed male respondents with active combat experience (Study 1) and varied military experience (Study 2) to four textual vignettes describing PMIE (child/adult and innocent/non-innocent suspect) that transpire at an Israeli checkpoint in the West Bank. In study 3, we exposed participants to two scenarios, where descriptions of police officers enforcing COVID 19 restrictions confronted lockdown violators. Results Participants assigned to vignettes describing killing an innocent civilian exhibited more intense levels of shame and guilt than those assigned to vignettes describing killing a person carrying a bomb. Religiosity and political ideology were strong predictors of guilt and shame in response to descriptions of checkpoint shootings. These effects disappeared in Study 3, suggesting that political ideology drives MI in intergroup conflict. Conclusions Background and PMIE-related characteristics affect the development of moral injury. Additionally, lab experiments demonstrate the potential and limitations of controlled studies of moral injury and facilitate an understanding of the aetiology of moral injury in a way unavailable to clinicians. Finally, experimental findings and methodologies offer further insights into the genesis of moral injury and avenues for therapy and prophylaxis.

A hostile tale of disclosure and betrayal: Business perceptions of offshoring services

Underpinned by affect infusion theory, this study investigates whether the disclosure of business-to-business (B2B) services being offshored leads to a negative emotional response, known as the hostility triad, and a sense of betrayal. A 2 × 2 survey experiment was employed, manipulating disclosure (disclosure vs. non-disclosure) and temporality of disclosure (past vs. future), and analyzed using ANOVAs and structural equation modeling. The results revealed that non-disclosure of offshoring of B2B services leads to significantly higher levels of negative emotions. Temporality of disclosure is also shown to play a moderating role. Further, modeling demonstrates that the hostility triad of emotions could be considered as a cumulative rather than a discrete set of emotions. These findings provide important implications for future theorizing regarding emotions in B2B marketing as well as policy implications regarding disclosure of relationship conditions.

Misogynoir.

Misogynoir.

From Enchantment to Disillusion: A Narrative Exploration of Cannabis Use Disorder Among Young Israeli Combat Veterans.

Introduction: Substance use is common among military personnel and war veterans, especially combat veterans. Despite substantially high prevalence of cannabis use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) consistently reported among veterans, little is known about psychological factors which may underlie CUD among this population.Methods: In this study, we used narrative analysis in order to interpret retrospective in-depth interviews of combat veterans (N = 12) who were released from mandatory military duty during the past 5 years and currently qualified for a diagnosis of CUD. Participants were recruited from a larger quantitative study were eligible for participation if they screened positive for a diagnosis of CUD according to the Cannabis Use Disorder Identification Test- Revised (CUDIT-R) questionnaire. CUD diagnosis was validated in-person using the cannabis section of the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-5 (AUDADIS-5) interview protocol. All interviews were transcribed and coded using the content analysis procedure.Findings: Five main themes were extracted: (a) Traumatic events (b) Attitudes toward cannabis use (c) Combatant identity (d) The role of authority/father figures, and (e) Moral crisis. A meta-theme has been identified, “from enchantment to disillusion,” representing a gradual psychological shift from a hopeful, highly motivated stance into the current state of mental rupture and moral injury, which are unsuccessfully compensated by excessive use of cannabis.Conclusions: This study shed light on the etiology of CUD among young combat veterans, highlighting the role of supposed self-medication for trauma and sense of betrayal.

Editorial – Evolve, Adapt, Innovate and Deliver: Acute Medicine post COVID pandemic

Predictions for acute care in the upcoming months are difficult. There will be challenges: there always are and that to a degree is what makes working in acute care so fulfilling. However, even the most adaptive and innovative acute care systems will toil when these challenges become overwhelming. Back in 2015, the then SAM President Mark Holland described a “perfect storm” of events that could lead to a challenging winter period. It was as predicted; but this storm continues to evolve and has not yet reached its perfected chaotic peak. A picture of the COVID pandemic without the brilliant and innovative work of Acute Medicine teams is even darker. As a specialty we should and must remain proud of the impact we are having in delivering safe and sustainable care despite immense pressures. There is an escalating sense of desperation to reach a post-pandemic phase. Increasingly the sense of community unity and spirit at the beginning of the pandemic is being replaced by fear and disgruntlement. A toxic mix of emotions permeates and increasingly hostile divisions as to how manage the next stage of the pandemic grow. Opposing viewpoints are entrenched and neither wants to countenance a brief reflection on any deviation from their position. Meanwhile many people simply observe with bafflement and a sense of betrayal desperate for their lives to return to “normal”. Delivering acute medical care on this background is a challenge that none of us have faced. The skills and resilience of our teams will face its sternest test yet. As a specialty we will continue to do what we have always done since its inception: evolve, adapt, innovate and deliver. This issue of the journal reflects the fantastic work in Acute Medicine that continues to be delivered internationally despite the current challenges. Chris Subbe and the SAM Quality Improvement team have written a review considering frameworks for measuring quality in Acute Medicine.1 Quantifying the impact that Acute Medicine has on the patient journey with defined measurable metrics is key to embedding high quality acute care. The recognition and evaluation of abnormal physiology remains core to the practice of Acute Medicine. International Acute Medicine colleagues from Denmark and Hong Kong present some innovative work on the potential use of thermography in predicting prognosis in acute care.2 In a prospective study of 726 patients they demonstrated that the temperature gradient between nose and eye could help identify variations in skin perfusion and was predictive of all cause 30 day mortality.3 This requires further study but may become a further useful tool in the assessment of physiology of acute unwell medical patients. Dutch colleagues prospectively studied 1328 patients presenting acutely with infective illnesses. Their results reaffirmed the superiority of NEWS to SIRS and qSOFA in predicting mortality and outcomes in this cohort.4 The evolving nature and clinical characteristics of COVID19 are described by Cat Atkin and her colleagues from Birmingham.5 This important paper provides robust data on which to benchmark the severity of future variants of the virus and can support complex service provision planning adapted to the pandemic. Once again, SAM and the editorial board of Acute Medicine thank all colleagues for their amazing and diligent work during the pandemic, which we know will continue long after it. We hope that all friends and colleagues are able to have some well deserved rest and relaxation during a summer break.

Making the Case for Victims’ Privacy in Civil Sexual Abuse Lawsuits

Requirements that an adult plaintiff in a personal injury lawsuit involving childhood sexual abuse cannot proceed without revealing their legal names or identities could constitute a form of revictimization for that person. When courts deny the right for an individual to file claims in cases like this, using a pseudonym, or to keep private their abuse history from collaterals who have no information relevant to their claims, the harms already suffered by a victim/survivor could be magnified. Many of the same traumagenic dynamics that had operated years earlier related to the abuse could play out as the plaintiff experiences a loss of power, a likelihood of being stigmatized, and a sense of betrayal by the jurisdictional system of justice. In these types of cases, the laws and policies involved need to be trauma-informed and to protect plaintiffs from potential harm when their rights are not considered.

All My Sons

All My Sons

Treason or Reason? Psychoanalytical Insights on Whistleblowing

AbstractThis paper critically examines and reviews the dominant and mainstream perspectives and literature on whistleblowing and offers a new approach to understanding this complex phenomenon using a psychoanalytical lens. Almost all studies on whistleblowing perceive it as an ethical, moral or altruistic act on the part of the whistleblower and overlook the whistleblower's subjectivity in question. This paper offers an in‐depth review of the literature to explore this and addresses the emergent but nascent discourses on whistleblower's subjectivity, offering an alternative perspective suggesting that not all whistleblowers may be prompted by moral compulsion or desire to speak truth to power. It suggests that underlying emotional and unconscious dynamics such as narcissism, in particular narcissistic rage, disillusionment and a sense of betrayal, can be possible factors in deciding to ‘blow the whistle’. Furthermore, the concept of psychological defences and defence mechanisms is discussed in depth and is used to illustrate the dynamics above. In doing so, this paper draws upon extant literatures to challenge and shift existing paradigms on normative whistleblowing literature, offering novel and significant theoretical contributions and an alternative strategic platform for new directions in research and practice.

Sarah Chihaya Merve Emre Katherine Hill Jill RichardsThe Ferrante Letters: An Experiment in Collective Criticism

this same panoply appears as a flourishing garden awaiting an open mind. Even the uninitiated will find that Lababidi extends a friendly hand to guide you through what seems at first to be wildly different ways of understanding the world and humanity’s place within it. In the very first essay, “The Books We Were,” the author gives us a crash course in his eclectic reading habits and how he has absorbed intellectual, aesthetic, and spiritual lessons from so many iterations of human creativity. Tracing his evolution through “one Existentialist horror writer after another,” Lababidi finds himself increasingly drawn to poetry and then to the mystical traditions throughout history. Throughout the book, these two philosophical poles frame his discourse, whether reviewing a biography of iconic French poet Arthur Rimbaud or dissecting the seemingly anomalous candidacy of Marianne Williamson within the rapid rise of “so-called spiritual leaders who presume to speak for The Universe” (in contemporary society). Placing himself in the tradition of spiritual seekers, and thus striving to draw wisdom from every available source, Lababidi decries both the fundamentalist adherence to a single belief system as well as the consumerism that treats deeply held spiritual practices more like fashion accessories to be worn when in vogue and cast off when not. Though he has spent decades in the United States, Lababidi’s affinity for his homeland of Egypt underlies much of his writing and appears most poignantly in a number of agonized and beautiful reflections on his country’s democratic revolution and subsequent slide back into dictatorship, written as it happened. As a poet, he notes with obvious pride in “Daring to Care” that poetic slogans and artists of all stripes played a critical role in the emergence of the Arab Spring. As the hopes of democratic revolution gave way to violence and repression, Lababidi does not try to gloss over the sense of betrayal; his tone remains optimistic that the original driving force of the revolution remains alive in the people’s hearts. While the book features its share of social criticism, Lababidi’s overall worldview comes off as overwhelmingly positive throughout. He may worry about the effects of technology on our common humanity, but he also still sees that a simple, honest conversation “can forge a profound human connection with a perfect stranger because, ultimately, there are no strangers.” In several essays on contemporary politics, pornography , and the #MeToo movement, Lababidi provides stark, at times uncomfortable, reflections on the ways that individuals unconsciously assume the values that their leaders—political or cultural—espouse in their words and actions. Still, heartened with centuries of mystical knowledge, despair seems to be the furthest thing from his mind, and he sees clearly that despite the pain such unsparing appraisals of ourselves and our society might cause, this is the very threshold we must cross to take the first step toward wholeness. While Revolutions of the Heart covers an extraordinary range of topics between its covers, in the end this collection clearly shows that it has one true subject: the heart of Yahia Lababidi himself. He may have fought many revolutions within his own mind to develop his distinct style of artistry, but in the mystic’s eye, these struggles are simply part of being a thinking person and just as natural as the revolutions that change the whole world each year. Z. McGrew University of Science & Arts of Oklahoma Sarah Chihaya, Merve Emre, Katherine Hill & Jill Richards The Ferrante Letters: An Experiment in Collective Criticism New York. Columbia University Press. 2020. 277 pages. HOW APPROPRIATE THAT ONE of the most incisive studies of Elena Ferrante to date has been the outcome of an experiment in criticism. As readers all around the world know, Ferrante herself is somewhat of an experiment in authorship; for nearly thirty years, she has published under a pseudonym, and the stratospheric levels of fame brought on by her Neapolitan novels has only cemented her well-documented need for privacy. This determination to eschew the role of author personality has WORLDLIT.ORG 93 Books in Review Jenny Erpenbeck Not a Novel: A Memoir in Pieces Trans. Kurt Beals. New York. New Directions. 2020. 212 pages. JENNY ERPENBECK’s fictional...

The Will of the People: The Revolutionary Birth of America by T. H. Breen

Reviewed by: The Will of the People: The Revolutionary Birth of America by T. H. Breen Lorena S. Walsh The Will of the People: The Revolutionary Birth of America. By T. H. Breen. (Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 2019. Pp. [x], 261. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-674-97179-0.) In The Will of the People: The Revolutionary Birth of America, T. H. Breen examines "the day-to-day experience of resistance on the ground" of Americans "living in small, largely agricultural centers and in larger ports as well" (pp. 3, 4). By recapturing the voices of ordinary people, he seeks to explain "how they turned a colonial rebellion into a genuine revolution and in the process constructed a new political culture," and why that "revolution ended differently from most other revolutions that have shaped the modern world" (pp. 1, 2). His answer is that free ordinary white Americans avoided fear-stoked violent excesses because of their continuing commitment to the rudimentary rule of law—for other white people but not for Native Americans or African Americans. [End Page 686] Breen identifies four elements missing from conventional accounts of the Revolution. First is the crucial role of local committees of safety, through which ordinary people mobilized widespread resistance to Britain and later sustained the war effort in the face of eroding public morale. When the Continental Congress authorized the creation of these local committees in 1774, it "effectively ceded responsibility for policing political resistance to the small communities of America" (pp. 37–38). Second is the role of passions—anger and fear—in effective popular political resistance, which were balanced by restraints on unconstrained liberty, creating "a locally grounded political culture that defended freedom and order in the name of liberty" (p. 226). Third, ordinary people turned to other sources to justify revolt—newspapers, committee correspondence, and shared religious assumptions about political responsibilities—rather than to the abstract philosophical arguments elite founders employed. Fourth, most revolutionary experiences were profoundly local, forcing Patriots to seek local solutions to enforce order. Breen also posits six "shifting emotional environments" among ordinary Americans between 1774 and 1784 (p. 15). First was a sense of rejection and marginalization within the empire, triggered by Parliament's harsh response to the Boston Tea Party, that led to widespread mobilization. Second was a search for assurance from local clergy that resistance had intellectual and moral legitimacy, which "resonated persuasively within their own communities" (p. 54). Third was fear fueled by the breakdown of British rule and the outbreak of partisan hostilities, leading people to define political allegiance in black and white terms and forcing them to take sides and punish perceived enemies for ideological crimes. Fourth was a search for justice as committees policed political dissent and mobilized resources while trying "to avoid the appearance of abandoning a rule of law," keeping the Revolution "from spinning out of control" (p. 125). Fifth was a sense of betrayal at the depreciation of paper currency, leading to futile attempts to control inflation by identifying and shaming unpatriotic speculators. Sixth was a brief desire at the close of the war for revenge against returning Loyalists who were protected by an unpopular peace treaty, but revenge quickly gave way to an acceptance of reconciliation as people turned to rebuilding their lives. Readers may dispute the characterization of the Revolution as a relatively "tame affair" because Patriots "stopped short of instituting a reign of domestic terror of the sort that we associate with other revolutions" (pp. 87, 121). Although acknowledging that they used violence and threats of violence—including demonizing adversaries, denying their shared humanity, and banishing individuals suspected of disloyalty—to crush dissent, Breen maintains that they seldom pursued personal vendettas or resorted to physical punishments. From similar evidence, however, Holger Hoock reaches an opposite conclusion in Scars of Independence: America's Violent Birth (New York, 2017). Breen also argues that ordinary people "crafted a more nuanced sense of the meaning of liberty" than did elites, prioritizing social order and community solidarity over selfish individualism (p. 224), but he does not address Michal Jan Rozbicki's argument that making ordinary "people the source of all authority did not cancel out...

Emotion Dysregulation in Sexually Abused Preschoolers: Insights from a Story Completion Task

ABSTRACTChild sexual abuse (CSA) during the preschool period can seriously undermine children’s ability to develop emotional competency. Narrative tasks, such as the MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB), are particularly adapted to gain a better understanding of young children’s self-regulation processes. To explore the emotion regulation competencies of sexually abused preschoolers, we developed a coding grid and undertook a detailed analysis of abused and non-abused children’s narratives using the MSSB. A sample of 62 sexually abused and 65 non-abused preschoolers 3½ to 6½ years old was recruited and children were presented with nine stories and an expressive vocabulary test. Analyses were performed to compare abused and non-abused children’s narratives and to assess the contribution of CSA to children’s narratives. CSA was associated with fewer demonstrations of empathy, help, and comfort, and less coherent and resolved stories. The narratives of CSA victims also included less emotions and emotional variations. The influence of CSA appeared the strongest in the stories involving fear. These findings suggest the presence of emotion dysregulation among sexually abused preschoolers, but also insecure attachment, and a sense of betrayal, isolation, and powerlessness.