Sense Of Confidence Research Articles

Casimiro Miguel: a“espontaneidade programada”e a (re)configuração da televisão na Cultura da Conexão no Brasil

The article examines Casimiro Miguel as a media phenomenon in Brazil, highlighting his ability to integrate traditional and digital media. Casimiro is portrayed as a "media hub," connecting platforms and audiences innovatively. The text discusses concepts like "programmed spontaneity" and "programmed ephemerality," describing how he constructs his live broadcasts to create a sense of authenticity and urgency. Casimiro's journey is analyzed as an example of hybridization between Professionally User-Generated Content (PUGC) and Professionally Generated Content (PGC), impacting the television experience in the connection culture. UGC (User-Generated Content) is defined as content created by users for online platforms without profit motives.

Continuity Amid Commercial Buildings in Yeonnam-dong, Seoul

This study tracks changes in commercial buildings in Yeonnam-dong that have undergone commercial transformation, examining these shifts within the context of urban organization and their relationships with economic and socio-cultural flows. It also analyzes the architectural elements that reflect the placeness characteristics of an area. On-site surveys were conducted to assess the continuity and discontinuity in the characteristics of 62 renovated and 40 newly constructed buildings. Additionally, shifts in social perceptions regarding physical changes were explored through an analysis of commercial districts and interviews with visitors, store owners, and architects. Yeonnam-dong has a distinct physical environment, as well as economic, social, and cultural characteristics that distinguish it from mainstream areas, such as large apartment complexes and typical commercial zones. The area, with its winding alleyways from the pre-modern period and low-rise housing—marginalized from large-scale development—evoked nostalgia and created a distinctive sense of authenticity or placeness, which was further enhanced by the presence of exotic restaurants, cafés, ateliers, and creative activities of early gentrifiers. However, rapid commercialization has led to the displacement of these early gentrifiers, an influx of new investments and construction, and shifts in commercial flows. Consequently, the area’s authenticity has become diluted, and visitors’ perceptions of it have changed. Despite this, architectural elements observed in renovated buildings are preserved and incorporated into newly constructed ones. Features such as semi-basements, exterior straight stairs, and brick façades continue to reflect the locality. Detached and multi-household homes from the 1960s to the 1990s have evolved into a new hybrid commercial–residential form designed for commercial purposes. This is a response to small plot sizes in Korean residential areas and reflects the current economic and cultural demands of commercial gentrification. The urban and architectural characteristics of this area are not only a unique physical environment but also hold socio-cultural significance as ordinary heritage. Therefore, this study proposes institutional measures to preserve urban and architectural continuity while controlling the ongoing commercialization.

Creativity and Body: Living Metaphors in the Context of People Undergoing Heart Transplantation.

This article explores the embodied dimension of authoring life trajectories for individuals who have undergone heart transplantation. Confronting the radical otherness of existential finitude can create a rich context for examining the relationships between authorship, corporeality, and creative processes. By integrating Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body with Susanne Langer's theory of affective semiosis and presentational signs, this work aims to foster a productive dialogue between these perspectives, grounded in Semiotic Cultural Psychology, which meta-theoretically synthesizes a diverse range of knowledge on the transformative interaction between individuals and culture. The article presents three participants' cases, selected for their ideographic expressiveness, as empirical evidence that both enlivens and enriches this study's theoretical and epistemological foundations. The fragments of participants' elaborations were derived from individual interviews conducted at the IMIP heart transplant clinic between 2022 and 2023. IMIP is a university hospital located in Recife. The interviewees were adults who had undergone transplantation at least one year prior. The discussion of the reports highlights three interpretative axes: (a) embodied ambiguities and tensions experienced; (b) living metaphors and potential presentational signs regarding life trajectories; (c) ways of referencing the future and temporality of experiences felt intensely in the present and their methods of reconstructing the past. The interpretative analysis of participants' metaphors aims to shed light on the role of corporeality in the construction of meaning and, consequently, in the creative perspective of life and the sense of authorship when facing the alterity, in this case, specifically of illness and consecutive heart transplantation. This article seeks to contribute to studying affective semiosis and corporeality in Cultural Psychology by highlighting its hermeneutic relevance as a critical feature of the human cultural construction of the self, others, and the world.

The importance of psychological first aid intervention and nurses after earthquake

Abstract Disasters such as earthquakes are events that cause both material damage and psychiatric disorders. Many psychological problems occur in individuals after earthquakes. Nurses can determine the physical and psychological effects of disasters on the individual, family and society and protect the physical and emotional safety of individuals at all stages of the disaster. Nurses help people to use problem-solving skills, rational coping behaviors and discover their strengths in difficult situations such as earthquakes with their healthy communication knowledge and skills. Psychiatric first aid practice is important in terms of enabling individuals to express their feelings and thoughts in the face of a disaster situation and supporting their ability to restructure their lives and their sense of self-confidence. It is important that psychological first aid studies must be known by nurses because it accelerates the healing process of the individual. References 11. Yang, Y.-N., Xiao, L. D., Cheng, H.-Y., Zhu, J.-C., & Arbon, P. (2010). Chinese nurses’ experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. International Nursing Review, 57(2), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00795.x 12. Mahmoud, A. S., Abd Elbary, A., & Berma, A.(2019). Effect of Progressive Relaxation Technique on the Anxiety Level of the Psychiatric Patients before Electro Convulsive Therapy. Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing, 6(2), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.21608/pssjn.2019.19807.1005 13. Field, J. E., Wehrman, J. D., & Yoo, M. S.(2020). Helping the Weeping, Worried, and Willful: Psychological First Aid for Primary and Secondary Students. Journal of Asia Pacific Counseling, 2017; 7(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.18401/2017.2.4 14. Christina C, Use of Psychological First Aid for Nurses , 38(1) 26-32 15. Brymer, M., Jacobs, A., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., Ruzek, J., Steinberg, A., Vernberg, E., & Watson, P. (2006). National Child Traumatic Stress Network and National Center for PTSD, Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide, 2nd Edition 16. Shalev, A. Y., & Freedman, S. (2005). PTSD following terrorist attacks: A prospective evaluation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1188-1191. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1188 17. Ruzek, joseph, Brymer, M., Jacobs, A., Layne, C., Vernberg, E., & Watson, P.(2007). Psychological First Aid. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29, 17-49. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.1.5racqxjueafabgwp 18. Demircioglu, M., Seker, Z., & Aker, A. T. (2019). Psychological First Aid: Objectives, Practicing, Vulnerable Groups and Ethical Rules to Follow/Psikolojik Ilk Yardim: Amaglari, Uygulanisi, Hassas Gruplar ve Uyulmasi Gereken Etik Kurallar. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar/Current Approaches to Psychiatry, 11(3), 351-363. 19. Vernberg, E., Steinberg, A., Jacobs, A., Brymer, M., Watson, P., Osofsky, J., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., & Ruzek, J. (2008). Innovations in Disaster Mental Health: Psychological First Aid. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012663 20. Pekevski, J. (2013). First responders and psychological first aid. Journal of Emergency Management(Weston, Mass.), 11(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2013.0126

Minority joy, minority growth, and minority peace: Transgender and gender diverse people’s varied positive lived experiences

Background Compared to negative experiences and ill health, little attention has been paid to positive experiences connected to being transgender and gender diverse (TGD). Aim The aim of the current study was to explore TGD people’s positive experiences in depth. Methods In total, 33 TGD people were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Results show that participants had various positive experiences related to their gender identity. While some of these experiences can be conceptualized as “minority joy,” capturing experiences evoking happy emotions, others are better understood as “minority growth”—a personal development and sense of authenticity—and “minority peace”—a sense of comfortability and calmness. The emotional valence of experiences was further explored to better understand the themes. Discussion In line with earlier research, some of the positive experiences could be seen as buffers between stressors and ill health and some were clearly connected to experiencing stressors. However, some experiences were freestanding from stressors and positive in their own right. The results of this study give an alternative to the prevailing view of TGD experiences necessarily connected to suffering. The results are relevant for professionals meeting TGD people, since a focus on strengths and positive aspects could be an important, but previously under focused tool to improve general health and quality of life. It may give hope to TGD people themselves, who are often presented with the trope of the suffering TGD person. Not the least, results could inform general society and policy makers.

Netflix teen series and the globalization of difference

This contribution discusses what we term the globalization of difference: the fluency with which subscription video-on-demand services such as Netflix move between different cultural universes while remaining a distinctive point of anchorage for (local) audiences. We argue that, in the streaming era, the use of diversity and the emphasis on categories of differences has become an aspect of conspicuous localism, a way of articulating a strong sense of local authenticity with a cosmopolitan outlook on the world. Therefore, this contribution explores how global narratives around diversity—gender and sexuality in particular—are tailored to local contexts and audiences. Based on a textual analysis of three Netflix teen original series, we highlight how, as subscription video-on-demand service such as Netflix balance global dimension with local ambitions, cultural diversity becomes a key tool of transnational expansion, supporting the transnational circulation of texts while appealing to the distinct concerns and preferences of local audiences.

Educating for Authenticity? A Discussion of Impression Management in the context of Cross-Neurotype and Cross-Cultural Communication with Possible Implications for Education

One of the most significant challenges that neurodivergent individuals face is the struggle to maintain a sense of authenticity when confronted with strong pressures to conform to the behaviors and norms expected by the majority. This issue arises in everyday settings, with notable implications healthcare and professional contexts and especially in educational settings. In this paper, we will explore whether a radical shift in the current educational system is necessary to safeguard the authenticity of vulnerable individuals, considering authenticity as a right rather than a privilege. First, we will examine how educational practices often sacrifice the authenticity of autistic students, encouraging them to conform to neurotypical behaviors through masking and impression management techniques. Such approaches can have significant consequences, including heightened stress, emotional exhaustion and suicidality. Similarly, foreign-born students face pressures to assimilate, which can lead to the suppression of their cultural identities and a loss of self. Drawing parallels between the experiences of autistic individuals and immigrants, the paper explores how both groups navigate social spaces that demand conformity to either cultural or neurotypical norms, often at the expense of their authentic selves. In the second part of the paper, we will take into consideration the opportunity and the ethical urgency of possible solutions for preserving the authenticity of minority groups as those we analyze (although parallels and implications can be extended to other marginalized identities), such as incorporating neurodiversity and cultural diversity into the curriculum, adopting more flexible assessment methods, and providing training for educators on recognizing and supporting authentic self-expression. The paper also presents arguments favoring reforming educational settings to preserve authenticity, emphasizing the potential benefits for well-being and equity. However, it balances this perspective by considering the challenges of such reforms, including pushback from administrators, acknowledging the need to prepare students to navigate broader social norms as long as the social spaces are dominated by neuronormativity, and the practical difficulties of implementing systemic changes. Ultimately, the paper highlights the complexity of the issue and calls for a nuanced approach to fostering authenticity in education.

A ‘Heinous Offence’: Rural Schoolmasters and Sexual Assault in Victorian Scotland

Through a close examination of two cases in which rural schoolmasters in Victorian Scotland were accused of sexually assaulting their pupils, this article explores the gendered social and power dynamics, attitudes towards teachers and the nature of schools as spaces and institutions in rural communities. The sense of authority that community members felt over schoolmasters made them subject to scrutiny and pressure from the community, especially the mothers of pupils, in ways that allowed the community to assert at least some authority over schoolmasters. However, both rural schoolmasters examined here were able to leverage their professional prestige, gender and the preference many communities had to handle potentially scandalous matters quietly and locally to mitigate substantially the consequences they faced.

Visual hallucinations in psychosis: What do people actually see?

AbstractBackgroundOne in three people with psychosis experience visions. However, little is known about what people see, and current treatments have limited benefits.ObjectivesTo improve the understanding and treatment of visions, this study explored the phenomenology of visions in people with psychosis.MethodsTwelve people with psychosis participated in semi‐structured interviews. Reflective thematic analysis was used.ResultsThree main themes were generated covering important aspects of phenomenology: ‘Content’, ‘Coherence’ and ‘Quality’. The first theme ‘Content: People see people’, demonstrated that the most distressing visions were of people. The second theme ‘Coherence: Visions of people who behave like people’, captured how visions were coherent with real human behaviour, often by being multimodal experiences that spoke to and touched the observer. The third theme, ‘Quality: They look too real’ highlighted the compelling sense of authenticity of the visions, making them indistinguishable from reality.ConclusionVisions represent what we expect to see in everyday life: people, who act and look real. This powerful combination provides insight into the absorbing and all‐encompassing nature of visions and their impact on participant's lives. The framework of ‘Content’, ‘Coherence’ and ‘Quality’ provides guidance to support clinicians and researchers to better explore the phenomenology of visions in psychosis.

(In)Harmonious transition from an intent to an action: emotional correlates of susceptibility to control and authorship

The harmonious transition from intention to action is a positive experience associated with a sense of authorship over one’s own actions. Its opposite is the presence of an internal control that ensures action. According to the assumptions of self-determination theory, a person’s development is aimed at achieving harmony between intention and action. This constitutes autonomy, the second key element of which is self-reflection. The results of our study conducted on a sample of 778 people do not support the content-focused concept of autonomy. Based on the literature on self-regulation, we assumed that the transition from intention to action might be related to the anxiety, pride, curiosity and compassion. The results of our study confirm these expectations and suggest that a structural approach may offer a better understanding of the transition form intention to action than a content theory, thus providing a theoretical framework for practical solutions.

Negotiating authenticity: experiences of student influencers on social media

ABSTRACT Research has shown that contemporary youth face a variety of challenges, ranging from social belonging to striving towards perfection in body image and personal achievements in all areas of life. Student life is expected to add further complexities, reflected in a need to negotiate new social connections, spatial environments and academic and future-oriented challenges. This project engaged with a unique and hard-to-reach group of students who define themselves and are defined by others as social media influencers. The objective was to explore the ways in which the participants’ experiences of the influencer marketing industry and its pressures for authenticity intersect with the experiences of being a student. The article draws on 13 in-depth interviews with UK-based student influencers with profiles on different platforms (including TikTok, Instagram, YouTube and the Little Red Book) and discusses how these students navigate the increasingly complex field of monetisation of their content, while maintaining a sense of authenticity and success as a student. It reveals the moments of transition encountered by students when constructing oneself as a successful student who produces content that has strong educational value, and the intricate processes entailed in preserving one’s brand on social media platforms.

VIDEO PODCAST (VODCAST) – PEDAGOGICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CREATIVE STRATEGY “CREATING YOUR OWN DIGITAL CONTENT”

The study examines the use of videocasting as a specific form of the “learner-generated videos” pedagogical strategy and its impact on the three main areas of learning – knowledge, skills, and attitudes. The benefits for the knowledge and skills, and in general for the cognitive behavioral experience that the learners acquire through such contextualized and active actions, are proven by numerous studies and were naturally reconfirmed in the current video podcast creation process. Therefore, the present study focuses on the learners’ attitudes (without neglecting the first two – knowledge and skills), how they evaluate their experience, and the value of the specific pedagogical tool. In this activity, the teacher’s assumption was confirmed that the video podcast created by the students is an active, interesting, engaging, and motivating form for them to acquire and consolidate several valuable skills, which will give them practical experience in situ, a sense of meaningful learning, authenticity, autonomy, collaboration, and confidence in their subsequent professional realization.

Role of Cultural Heritage in Luxury Fashion Branding in South Africa

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa has become increasingly significant as brands seek to integrate local identity with global luxury standards. Cultural elements, such as traditional patterns, textiles, and craftsmanship, are being incorporated into luxury fashion, reflecting South Africa’s rich heritage and fostering a sense of authenticity and exclusivity. This approach not only strengthens brand identity but also appeals to both local and international consumers who value unique, culturally embedded products. However, challenges include ensuring respectful representation and avoiding cultural appropriation. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Cultural capital theory, brand heritage theory, symbolic consumption theory may be used to anchor future studies on the role of cultural heritage in luxury fashion branding in South Africa. Fashion brands in South Africa can enhance their market positioning by leveraging unique cultural elements that resonate both locally and globally. Policymakers should create frameworks that ensure cultural elements are not exploited by global fashion brands without proper attribution and compensation to local communities.

Visualizing Authority: Rise of the Religious Influencers on the Instagram

Roles of various social media influencers—ranging from health and beauty to security—in our society have increasingly become essential topics in the study of social media. However, little is known about the rise of religious influencers in the Global South and the way they negotiate the idea of religious authority in today’s society. To address this gap, this study investigates the way in which religious influencers project their authority through the visual means of Instagram. This study collects Instagram posts ( n = 9,801) from three Islamic religious influencers in Indonesia—the largest Muslim-populated country and the third largest democracy in the world—with a combined follower count of 30 million people. Content analysis is then used to uncover the main strategies in which a sense of authority is visualized in their posts. The findings demonstrate that Indonesian religious influencers mainly used a close-up approach—friendly and informal appearance—to negotiate their visual authority as opposed to the rigid, more distant approach of traditional religious figures. However, to mitigate the risk of becoming too close and losing the respect and veneration of their followers, they adopt strategic distancing through the use of visual versus textual contrast, setting, and focus. The results extend scholarly discussion on religious influencers in the Islamic faith and their visual authority enactment on social media.

Consumerist discourses on social media and language teacher educator identity tensions

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of social media discourses, espoused by neoliberal and consumerist ideologies, on a language teacher educator's (LTE) identity negotiation. Through a collaborative case study, it examines Hassan's (the second author) experiences with social media in the Iranian English language teaching (ELT) context over three years. The data consist of extensive email discussions and four online meetings between the authors over one year. The analysis of Hassan's narratives reveals dominant social media discourses emphasizing sameness, omniscience, and commercialized luxurious lifestyles. These discourses often equate social media visibility with professional qualifications, pressuring Hassan to conform to trends that conflict with his sense of professionalism and authenticity. Hassan's emotional struggles and identity tensions led to critical reflection and ongoing negotiation of his professional identity. The findings underscore the need for professional development programs that support LTEs in navigating the pressures of self‐branding while maintaining their professionalism. Additionally, the study calls for further research into the long‐term effects of social media on professional identity and well‐being across diverse cultural and institutional contexts.

Agritourism: The Role of Farm-to-Table in Promoting Local Cuisine and Return Visits

This exploration probes into the captivating effect of agritourism, anchored in farm-to-table traditions, on the enrichment of local culinary adventures and the allure for patrons to return, employing Self-Determination Theory to scrutinize visitor interactions. The primary goal is to investigate the intricate dance between perceived autonomy, competence, and connectedness, and how they shape perceived authenticity and the tendency for return visits, highlighting the pivotal influence of perceived cost. Information was gathered via a survey involving 354 individuals, and the connections were explored through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results reveal that the perception of competence exerts the most significant positive influence on the sense of authenticity and the likelihood of return visits. Nonetheless, the dynamic interaction between perceived financial burden and authenticity revealed a negative correlation with subsequent visits, indicating that increased expenditures may diminish the advantageous effects of genuine experiences. This research emphasizes the importance of aligning authentic experiences with economic viability in the realm of agritourism. Ventures, offering valuable perspectives for operators to elevate visitor engagement, thereby fostering satisfaction and loyalty. The implications of these findings extend into the realm of enhancing the design of agritourism experiences. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-013 Full Text: PDF

Reflections on Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction: Warhol and Baudrillard in Dialogue

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Industrial Revolution promoted the invention and application of modern mechanical products. The rapid development of productivity led to a speedy improvement in the material standard of living and a surplus of material goods, but the problem of "depersonalisation" arose as individuals gradually lost their sense of satisfaction and individuality in the same mechanised work. The Pop artist Andy Warhol reflected on this era of mechanisation through the reproduction and imitation of forms, initiating his discourse and reflection on the industrial age. A century later, French philosopher Jean Baudrillard put forward the concept of "Simulacra", pointing out that in the information technology and consumer society, the media, such as television, advertisements and the Internet, create a large number of virtual images and information, blurring the boundaries between the reality and the fiction, so that people gradually lose their sense of authenticity and personality in the "Simulacra". This paper will analyse the roots of Warhol's ideological evolution from the individual to the times through the understanding of Warhol's self-description as well as the social activities and values of the time, and use Baudrillard's "Simulacra" and "Surrealism" to explain why Pop Art has transgenerational significance and the exploration of public values it opens up.

An Analysis of Self-Efficacy Towards Students’ Reading Skill: A Case Study at The Tenth Grade of Sman 1 Padangan

Reading is a requirement for success in the classroom today. Some problems that students face in learning English are they are not confident in answering questions and reading text. They show indications of low self-efficacy when learning English, especially in reading skills. Students' reading ability is influenced by various factors, including their self-efficacy. This research aims to explore what factors affect tenth-grade students’ self-efficacy and how self-efficacy affects students’ reading skills at SMAN 1 Padangan. This research was qualitative with a case study approach. The subject was tenth-grade students of X1 and X2. The data was collected by two instruments, interviews and reading tests. The interview was used to measure students’ self-efficacy and the reading test was used to measure students’ reading skills. This research shows that self-efficacy influences students' reading abilities. The findings in this research revealed that the majority of students answered in their interview with the researcher that the factors that influence student self-efficacy were interest, patience, a sense of self-confidence, character, motivation to learn, reward, and gender. Students who had a high sense of self-efficacy tended to be confident in working on questions so that their reading skills got a high score. It can be concluded that self-efficacy influences students' reading abilitiesKeywords: Self-Efficacy; Reading Skill; English Learning

Becoming a new type of teacher: The case of experienced British-trained educators transitioning to the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme abroad

This paper investigates the experiences of six British-trained teachers who moved from teaching GCSE in state-funded schools in England to teach in two separate English-speaking well-established traditional international schools in Northern Europe where they began to teach the International Baccalaureate’s Middle Years Programme (IBMYP). The nature of the IBMYP, with its student-centred focus and conceptual framework, deviates greatly from the dominant, typically prescriptive approach of the GCSE. The demands of the IBMYP, which are represented in the IB’s institutional pillars, exert significant influence over both new and experienced teachers to induce a change in identity as they gradually shift to becoming an ‘IBMYP Educator’. Using semi-structured interviews and thematic data analysis, this qualitative study examines teacher identity factors and seeks to understand the process of this identity shift. Using Goffman’s Frame Analysis, the themes are presented as metaphors, helping us to realise the experience of transition, as the teachers shifted from feeling temporarily de-skilled to re-skilled. A sense of authenticity and freedom was felt to be the eventual outcome after an initial phase of being ‘adrift’ and in unsettled ‘survival mode’.

“Me aviento el English y el Spanish”: Spanish-English code-switching in Texas conjunto artist Nick Villarreal

Aims and objectives: This study focuses on Nick Villarreal (1951–2017), a bilingual and bicultural conjunto musician from San Antonio. It ascertains the frequency, formal features, and socio-pragmatic functions of the Spanish/English code-switching found in his songs. Methodology: Quantitative and qualitative approaches are utilized to explore Nick Villarreal’s use of code-switching in song lyrics. Data and analysis: Nick Villarreal’s commercially available discography (178 non-repeated tracks) was classified by matrix language. All instances of code-switching were identified and classified by type, syntactic category, and function. Song themes were inductively analyzed. Findings: Most of Nick Villarreal’s lyrics are in Spanish (73%), while 22% contain code-switching. Lexical insertions are the most common type of switches (65%). Villarreal also employs other contact phenomena, such as fully nativized borrowings, and syntactic and semantic calques. His virtuosity is apparent in his humorous bilingualism, especially in the creative nominalizations of English clauses as nicknames (e.g., la I-didn’t-do-it). The main function performed by switches is poetic—that is, stylistic uses of language, such as rhyming, joking, and puns. He conveys authenticity through code-switching and other enregistered linguistic sources such as border slang, or caló, and working-class/rural Mexican Spanish. He shows loyalty toward a working-class rural Spanish-speaking audience of conjunto that shares his background, while simultaneously appealing to second-generation Mexican Americans through his use of English and references to Anglo culture. Originality: Only recently have scholars begun to describe the linguistic features of borderland styles. This study focuses on an artist who has never received scholarly attention before but who turned his music into a meaningful vehicle for linguistic and cultural anti-assimilatory subversion. Implications: Villarreal employs strategies common to other borderlands bilingual musicians while innovating creatively. He actively stylizes the local to evoke a sense of authenticity and is thus a meaningful example of the intersection between language representation, class allegiance, linguistic attitudes, and cultural stance.