Sense Of Experience Research Articles

RILEM TC 277-LHS report: lime-based mortars for restoration–a review on long-term durability aspects and experience from practice

For conservation interventions of historic masonry generally lime-based mortars such as pure air lime mortars, lime-pozzolan mortars, natural hydraulic lime mortars and ternary mortars (lime-pozzolan-cement) are used. The main reason is that their hygric and mechanical (strength and ductility) performance are easy to adapt to most existing historic masonry (compatibility requirements). Although the basic appropriateness of lime-based mortars for restoration is undisputed, there are also some limitations in the application of these mortars. In this report a review is given of the theoretical backgrounds and further of laboratory research developments in the field of lime-based binders and mortars over the past decades. Furthermore, practical experiences in positive and negative sense (damage cases) are elaborated. Drawbacks and points of attention are being dealt with, which are essential for a durable application of lime-based mortars for the conservation of historic masonry. In general, it is concluded that points of attention should be addressed through a thorough evaluation of their potential and through testing of their suitability. For these mortars, even more than for modern cement-based mortars, specifically, environmental exposure conditions and application conditions should be considered.

Philosophy and Education as Cultural Phenomena

The article analyzes the existential, gnoseological, and axiological dimensions of philosophy and education in the socio-cultural space. Cultural phenomena are positioned in several key manifestations: cognitive (as a result of sense experience), value (as a unique phenomenon), and being (as an element of civilization existence). The tasks of the article are to highlight the key philosophical and educational constants in modern humanitarian-scientific discourse. To achieve the objectives of scientific exploration was used general scientific (analysis, induction, deduction, systematization) and philosophical (synergetics, dialectics, phenomenology) methodologies, through which the essence of the phenomenon of philosophy and education in the system of culture are revealed, and the development of these areas of social activity is analyzed. The study was conducted based on an analysis of modern philosophical, educational and cultural ideas and theories. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the attempt to reconcile philosophical and educational theoretical-methodological and practically oriented precepts in a unified socio-cultural space. Consequently, the most effective format of coexistence of philosophy and education in the system of culture is considered to be a synergetic model, which provides interaction of these fundamental spheres of social activity.

M. Bakhtin’s Chronotope: between Epistemology and Socio-Constructivism

This paper raises the hypothesis that M. Bakhtin’s creative category of chronotope is within the dynamic of epistemology and socio-constructivism. To this end, two philosophical conceptions are analyzed: Bakhtin’s theory of chronotope as a formally constitutive category of literature and Kant’s transcendental aesthetics and transcendental schematism. This comparative analysis shows that chronotope surpasses its primary field of literary analysis and is interpretable not only as an epistemological category which determines the sense experience of the observer, but also as socio-constructivist category which provides reality with an image of a totality of symbolic social institutes. In this way, it is proposed to understand the concept of reality as the multidimensional image.

Through a glass darkly: Bion, unknowing, and the couple

This article applies the work of Bion to the area of couple therapy. A clinical tapestry is composed of three interwoven skeins: Bion’s love life and life work; his theoretical contributions applied to couple work, particularly the negative epistemology embedded in Bion’s advice that the analyst actively renounce any reliance on memory, desire, understanding, or sense impressions; and a clinical vignette. Negative epistemology is an intrinsic aspect of psychotherapeutic methodology, whether with couples, families, or individuals. Bion’s contribution to such negative epistemology includes his writings on the K link, the psychoanalytic application of Keats’ concept of negative capability, and Henri Poincaré’s selected fact. This article also describes the interlocking traumatic scene and the conjoint selected fact.

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Reading the Universe of Signs Well: Prospects for Partnering Theosemiotic with a Christian Semiotic Theology

Reading the Universe of Signs <i>Well</i>: Prospects for Partnering Theosemiotic with a Christian Semiotic Theology

1Cor 15,40–41: Paul and the Heavenly Bodies

Abstract Interpreters who have claimed that Paul viewed the heavenly bodies of 1Cor 15,40–41 as living beings have used two basic arguments that are each beset by inherent weaknesses. One enumerates the views of various Hellenistic philosophers and others concerning the animate nature of the stars. The other argument claims that all usages of σῶμα in Paul refer to organic entities. Scholars have often ignored handbooks such as those of Aetius that include many alternative views. Paul based his affirmations on sense experience and probably believed that the heavenly bodies were creations of God — but not animate beings. A corollary of this conclusion is that Paul’s statements about heavenly bodies do not indicate anything about the composition of the σῶμα πνευματικόν in 1Cor 15.

भावबोध का अर्थ और स्वरूप

Human knowledge begins with the senses, that is, in the beginning man knows things through the senses. He either sees or touches the object or smells or tries to know by taste. These experiences are called sense experiences. Sense perception is only a kind of knowledge, but it is the first level of knowledge. At this stage there is not much difference between man and animal. It is through sense experience that man gradually moves towards emotion. The relation of Bhava with the sense experiences gradually deepens in the consciousness of man and from here the creation of Bhava takes place. Bhava is that level of human consciousness, which is a characteristic of man. This sense of perception contributes to the creation of a literary work.

Who’s afraid of the senses? Organization, management and the return of the sensorium

Organization and management are the perpetual, and perpetually fraught and resisted, ordering of sense experience. However, banning the senses into the outside of thought, and of organizational analysis, was – and to a large degree still is – the default and mostly implicit and unquestioned mode of thinking and studying organization and management. Introducing the special issue on ‘The Senses in Management Research and Education’, this essay historicizes and contextualizes the neglect of the senses, dwells upon possible reasons for keeping the sensory at bay and discusses recent attempts to remedy this situation. The contributions to the special issue are introduced into this context. In conclusion, we speculate on what might happen next.

COVID as a catalyst: shifting experiences of disability and (mis)fitting in the college classroom

ABSTRACT COVID-19 disrupted traditional face-to-face classroom environments, creating new opportunities for exclusion/inclusion and (in)accessibility. The purpose of this study was to understand students with disabilities’ experiences of (mis)fitting (Garland-Thomson, R. (2014). The story of my work: How I became disabled. Disability Studies Quarterly, 34(2), 1–18. https://dsq-sds.org/article/view/4254/3594 https://doi.org/10.18061/dsq.v34i2.4254) in the classroom both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interviews with 16 students revealed how the transition to online learning produced differences in students’ embodied experiences of disability and sense of agency in the classroom. Applying cultural contracts theory (Jackson, R. L. (2002). Cultural contracts theory: Toward an understanding of identity negotiation. Communication Quarterly, 50(3-4), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463370209385672) and the lens of critical communication pedagogy (Fassett, D. L., & Morella, D. L. (2008). Remaking (the) discipline: Marking the performative accomplishment of (dis)ability. Text and Performance Quarterly, 28(1-2), 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10462930701754390), we explore how the uncertainty of pandemic life inspired some professors to loosen rigid expectations of what “ideal” student participation looks like, exchanging ready-made contracts for quasicomplete and cocreated contracts. In addition, we consider how an uncritical return to “normal” might reassert ableist policies and practices.

Aesthetic Empathy: An Investigation in Phenomenological Psychology of Visual Art Experiences

Abstract Empathy is a psychologically significant phenomenon. It plays a key role in the development of the self, sociality, and prosocial behaviour. The term empathy originated in 19th-century aesthetics, where the concept was seen as an explanation for aesthetic experience. Despite renewed interest in the relation between empathy and aesthetic experiences, investigations into how empathy shapes experiences of art are still scarce. Given this situation, we ask the following three questions: What does one experience when experiencing a work of art empathetically? What is given during such moments? How is consciousness structured in aesthetic empathetic experience? To answer these questions, we analysed five different experiences with visual art using a phenomenological psychological methodology. We found that a complexity of psychologically significant meaning arises from the empathic experience of art. The core aspects of this meaning are captured in a structure incorporating experience of a foreign subjective sense, reliving and affective adherence, interiorisation, pleasure in sharing, and affective understanding. Based on this structure, we argue that aesthetic empathy features a sense of otherness to a degree not previously recognised and that aesthetic empathy is an inherently intersubjective experience in which the spectator is invited to participate and share feelings expressed in the work of art in moments of aesthetic presence.

Smith and Smitherson’s Theatre of the Absurd

Smith and Smitherson’s Theatre of the Absurd

Rasa in Deudā: Emotive Expressions of the Folks in Western Nepal

In recent years, many authors have shed light on the hidden world of folklore particularly on folk songs seeking to re-envision the traditions and practices of the traditional society. The present research on a folk song of Far Western Nepal, i.e., deudā holds special promises for analyzing it in the light of rasa theory. The study reflects upon the theory of rasa, as propounded in Indian aesthetics, and attempts to make an assessment of it in relation to deudā song using qualitative method. The main intention of this study is to see how the song lets out the various common emotions (rasas) of the people dwelling in some parts of Far Western Nepal. It examines how different types or forms of rasa function in various deudā songs. Particular emphasis is placed on analyzing the songs in terms of nine rasas. The findings of this research showed that the deudā song is loaded with the feeling of the throbbing hearts of the people of the region with their emotions of pain, pathos, suffering, misery, hardships, compassion, mercy, romance, love, humor, heroism, fury or anger, disgust, wonder, horror and peace. The songs reflect the ethnic culture and tradition of the people and their experiences in the real sense.

Breaking the right way: a closer look at how we dissolve commitments

Joint action enables us to achieve our goals more efficiently than we otherwise could, and in many cases to achieve goals that we could not otherwise achieve at all. It also presents us with the challenge of determining when and to what extent we should rely on others to make their contributions. Interpersonal commitments can help with this challenge – namely by reducing uncertainty about our own and our partner’s future actions, particularly when tempting alternative options are available to one or more parties. How we know whether a commitment is in place need not, however, be based on an explicit, identifiable event; in many cases, joint action is stabilized by individuals’ experience of an implicit sense of commitment, which is sensitive to subtle situational cues such as the effort costs invested by one or more agents. While an emerging body of work has investigated the conditions under which a sense of commitment may emerge and/or be strengthened, little attention has been paid to the conditions under which people are comfortable dissolving commitments. Specifically, what are the factors that modulate people’s motivation and which determine whether circumstances merit the dissolution of a commitment? After evaluating and rejecting the answers to this question suggested by standard approaches to commitment, we develop a new approach. The core insight which we articulate and defend is that, when considering whether new information or changing circumstances merit the dissolution of a commitment, people virtually bargain with their partners, performing a simulation of a bargaining process with the other person, including imagining how the other will feel and act towards them, and what effect this will have on them. The output of this simulation is a consciously accessible, affective state which provides motivation either to dissolve the commitment or to persist in it. Overall, our account expands our understanding of the phenomenology of being motivated to act committed in joint activity, an area in which existing accounts of interpersonal commitment fall short.

Reply to Critics

Reply to Critics

Seeing is believing? The pivotal role of personal experience in contemporary health behaviour: A narrative review

AbstractIn the age of people aspiring after sense experiences, encouraging long-term health behaviour changes to prevent future disorders that are, without previous personal experiences, unimaginable threats for the public, maybe one of the greatest challenges preventive medicine has to face. In order to become trusted sources, and influence public health behaviour in an experience-oriented manner, we need to formulate strategies offering emotionally evocative sense inputs that elicit self-relatedness. The current narrative review discusses the relevance of personal experiences in contemporary health behaviour by focusing on three major areas: 1) the importance of personal sources of health-related information, 2) cognitive and neurobiological background of personal experiences, 3) potential strategies to induce health behaviour changes through personal experiences. Based on the reviewed body of knowledge, three potential “rules” are proposed to increase the effectiveness of health promotion programs through sense or personal experiences: 1) Rule of Senses (stressing the importance of multisensory learning); 2) Rule of Affect (emphasizing the motivational significance of evoking positive emotions); and 3) Rule of Self-relatedness (highlighting the role of the self-referential composition of human experiences).

“Truth shall spring out of the earth…”: The analyst as gatherer of sense impressions

ABSTRACT In this paper, the author reflects on the analyst's attempt to approach the unknowable, ultimate reality of the psychoanalytic experience, and the unrepressed unconscious. Drawing on both Freud's conception of 'attention' and Bion's emphasis on the power of observation, the paper explores the clinical implications of the notion of intuition as a primary tool in this endeavour. Intuition is often associated with Bion's thinking about the apprehension of psychic reality. At the same time, Bion's emphasis on the need to suspend sensuous aspects of reality on the way to encountering non-sensuous experience has given rise to much confusion. With the aid of detailed clinical material, the paper portrays intuition as a paradoxical, receptive state of mind oriented towards invariant, ultimate reality, and yet perpetually flickering between both sensuous and psychic aspects of reality. Moreover, since emotional truth is always in flux, intuition is seen as a capacity to apprehend reality in transience. In following the path of Bion's evolving thinking about the analyst's intuition, the author illustrates the continuity between the so-called 'early Bion' and the one referred to as 'late Bion'.

User-Centered Virtual Environment for Poststroke Motor Rehabilitation

Abstract The use of virtual reality in the rehabilitation of lost or diminished functions after a stroke has been shown to be an innovative means in motor recovery. However, there are still several design challenges to increment the efficiency of these systems. This paper presents the development and evaluation of a nonimmersive three-dimensional virtual environment for poststroke rehabilitation of elbow flexion–extension movements, which considers the therapist as a direct user and the patient as a secondary user. The development of virtual environment was supported by the criteria of a team of specialists in physical and occupational therapy, following the philosophy of user-centered design through three iterations, and incorporating tasks based on the activities of daily living of the Barthel scale. Tests were carried out with healthy users and a patient with a diagnosis of stroke, using the system usability scale (SUS) test and a flow status questionnaire, respectively. Average satisfaction of user group without diagnosis was 79.6 out of 100 points. On the other hand, according to mean values observed with the patient, dimensions of control sense (6.33) and positive emotional experience (6.66) reflect an “optimal” experience, which indicates an enjoyment of virtual tasks despite the effort made to fulfill them.

Editor’s Introduction

Editor’s Introduction

Dissecting Breeders' Sense via Explainable Machine Learning Approach: Application to Fruit Peelability and Hardness in Citrus.

“Genomics-assisted breeding”, which utilizes genomics-based methods, e.g., genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS), has been attracting attention, especially in the field of fruit breeding. Low-cost genotyping technologies that support genome-assisted breeding have already been established. However, efficient collection of large amounts of high-quality phenotypic data is essential for the success of such breeding. Most of the fruit quality traits have been sensorily and visually evaluated by professional breeders. However, the fruit morphological features that serve as the basis for such sensory and visual judgments are unclear. This makes it difficult to collect efficient phenotypic data on fruit quality traits using image analysis. In this study, we developed a method to automatically measure the morphological features of citrus fruits by the image analysis of cross-sectional images of citrus fruits. We applied explainable machine learning methods and Bayesian networks to determine the relationship between fruit morphological features and two sensorily evaluated fruit quality traits: easiness of peeling (Peeling) and fruit hardness (FruH). In each of all the methods applied in this study, the degradation area of the central core of the fruit was significantly and directly associated with both Peeling and FruH, while the seed area was significantly and directly related to FruH alone. The degradation area of albedo and the area of flavedo were also significantly and directly related to Peeling and FruH, respectively, except in one or two methods. These results suggest that an approach that combines explainable machine learning methods, Bayesian networks, and image analysis can be effective in dissecting the experienced sense of a breeder. In breeding programs, collecting fruit images and efficiently measuring and documenting fruit morphological features that are related to fruit quality traits may increase the size of data for the analysis and improvement of the accuracy of GWAS and GS on the quality traits of the citrus fruits.