Cassia Alata Research Articles

Antibacterial Screening of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Herbal remedies are crucial for treating bacterial infections due to antibiotic resistance, with numerous studies demonstrating their antibacterial properties against various harmful species. This study investigates the antibacterial properties of an aqueous extract from 40 medicinal plants in vitro, assessing their effectiveness against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The well diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial activity. Six plants exhibit antibacterial properties against the two bacterial strains among these extracts. Guava (Psidium guajava) and Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)cold water extracts were the most effective plant extracts against Escherichia coli, with inhibition zones of 6.2 mm and 5.2 mm, respectively. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) leaves and Sana makki (Cassia angustifolia) leaves cold water extracts were the most effective plant extracts against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibitory effect with inhibition zones of 6.9 mm and 5.9 mm respectively. The plant extracts differ in antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. However, Extracts of Senna alata, Tamarindus indica, Psidium guajava, Syzygium aromaticum, and Cassia angustifolia showed inhibitory activity against both of the microorganisms tested. These potentially useful plant extracts can be utilized as natural alternatives to preventive measures for food poisoning and preservation, thereby avoiding the health risks associated with chemically antibacterial agents. These antibacterial properties encourage future research into new chemical compositions that can help treat or cure some diseases.

Development of an Anti-Acne Facial Wash Gel With Cassia alata L. Leaf Extract

Acne is a skin disease that is often encountered. Acne can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infection. To prevent acne, keep facial skin clean using facial wash. Using facial wash made from synthetic substances can cause more significant side effects than natural ingredients, so research is needed on natural ingredients that can be used as anti-acne agents. One natural ingredient that has antibacterial activity is ketepeng leaf (Cassia alata L.). This research aims to formulate a facial wash gel preparation from ketepeng leaf extract and test its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research is experimental research starting from making extracts, dosage formulation, evaluating the physical properties of the dosage (stability test, organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, viscosity test, spreadability test, and foamability test), skin irritation test, hedonic test and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The research results showed that the inhibition zone produced by formula 1 was 9,73mm, formula 2 was 10,33mm, and formula 3 was 13,18mm. This research concludes that Ketepeng leaf can be used as an active ingredient in anti-acne facial wash gel preparations because the Ketepeng leaf extract facial wash gel preparation meets the requirements for evaluating good physical properties and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in each formula.

Antioxidant activity of Yellow Candle bush (Cassia alata) leaves extract and Bioactive fractions through LC-QTOF-MS/MS and Molecular Docking Approach

Free radicals play a significant role in numerous cellular functions, such as cell signaling, metabolism, and defense mechanism. Cassia alata, well known as Yellow Candle bush or locally known as Ketepeng Badak, has been known to possess biological activities including antiinflamation and antidiabetic. This current study investigates the antioxidant potential of C. alata leaves crude extract and resultant fractions. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and FRAP assay were evaluated for the determination of the antioxidant activity, while the active constituents in C. alata leaf extract and fractions were identified with LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and DPPH radical scavenging activities were highest in the ethyl acetate fraction with IC50: 18.54±0.01µg/mL on DPPH assay. Meanwhile, butanol fraction exhibited the strongest activity in ABTS and FRAP tests with IC50 of 4.29±0.26µg/mL and 4.39±0.11µg/mL, respectively. An in silico study using a molecular docking technique was conducted to determine the free energy of binding between human heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) with bioactive compounds contained in C. alataethanolic leaves extract. Molecular docking of the main constituents in C. alata ethyl acetate fraction showed a greater binding affinity for kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (-8.95kcal/mol), followed by coclaurine (-7.94kcal/mol), quercetin (-7.66kcal/mol) and 3-Hydroxy-7-methoxy baicalein (-7.32kcal/mol). These results corroborate the potent antioxidant activity of C. alata extract and fractions and its use as possible antioxidant agents in the pharmaceutical industry.

Senna alata with Selenium Mitigates Liver and Kidney Injury from Isoniazid and Rifampicin in Mice

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative potentials of S. alata in combination with Selenium on liver and kidney injury induced by Isoniazid-Rifampicin (INH-RIF). Study Design: Original Research work. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, between August and October 2023. Methods: Hydroethanolic extract of S. alata (EESA) was obtained by maceration, 25 Swiss mice (25-35g) were divided into 5 groups, GP1 received distill water, GP 2-5 INH-RIF 150mg/kg for the first two days; while groups 3-5 received S.alata 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in combinAtion with Selenium 1mg/kg respectively from day 3 till day 14 orally. Sera samples were obtained and organs (liver and kidney) for weighing and histopathology on day 15. Results: This study showed that S.alata (EESA) (100mg/kg) and Selenium (1mg/kg) showed no reduction (P>.05) in the biochemical parameters (AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, Uric acid, and creatinine); histo-anatomy of both organs showed injury. The 200mg/kg EESA/Se (1mg/kg) reduced significantly (P<.05) elevated parameters for liver only (ALT, ALP); liver histo-picture showed no lesion; 400mg/kg combination decreased all parameters significantly (P<.05); histo-pathology showed no lesion in both organs. Weights of the liver showed significant reduction (P=.0025, .0052, and .0027) at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg respectively; but no significant difference in weights of the kidney compared to the toxic group. Conclusion: It was concluded that EESA 200mg/kg with Selenium 1mg/kg can mitigate the toxic effects of Isoniazid-Rifampicin on the liver, while EESA/Se 400mg/kg combination has ameliorative potentials on liver and kidney toxicity from INH-RIF. These effects may be dose-dependent. It was recommended that 400mg/kg of EESA and 1mg/kg of Selenium combination be considered in drug development.

Ethno‐Botanical Study of Medicinal Plants from Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh: Methanolic Extracts of Four Species and their Antimicrobial, Anti‐Inflammatory and Toxicity Properties

AbstractThe traditional usage of Plumbago zeylanica L, Cassia alata L, Caesalpinia crista L, and Rubia Cordifolia L in the villages of Vidisha district in Madhya Pradesh, India, has sparked research into the plants' phytochemical makeup and a range of possible medicinal benefits. This research is the first to describe the phytochemical makeup, powerful anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant properties of PZ stem. The PZ stem and CA fruit methanolic extracts has the greatest levels of phenolic, flavonoid, and flavonol compounds and has a robust antioxidant capacity for scavenging DPPH and hydrogen peroxide with regard to A. flavus, A. baumannii, A. fumigatus, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and R. oryzae, the anti‐bacterial and anti‐fungal activity of the chosen plant extracts are strongest for PZ, CA, and CA T. terrestris leaf.

Effect of Extraction effectivity of Senna alata L. Leaves on the Total Phenolic, Antioxidative, Antimicrobial and Antigoat Activity

Phytochemicals from natural product such as part of plants have been widely used as a potential source of herbal medication due to their bioactivity. Ketepeng cina (Senna alata L) is a small shrub that lives in tropical and subtropical regions and commonly used as medicinal plant to cure various diseases from infectious microbes. The current research was aimed to evaluate the extraction effectivity of Senna alata L leaves and the influence of the parameter to the total phenolic content, antioxidative, antimicrobial and antigout activity. Extraction of Senna alata L leaves was conducted by several methods, i.e maceration, ultrasonication and hot water extraction. The study revealed that each method give different yield of extraction and the most effective among those method is maceration, which produce highest yields of extracts (19.4%). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method also resulted in high yield but lower than that of maceration. The maceration method increases the yield by about 170% compared to hot water method. The extracts obtained from maceration method contain highest content of total phenolic (278.39mg GAE/g dry mass), thus demonstrate highest antioxidant activity (IC50 25.68mg/L), but lowest anti uric activity (reducing uric acid level by 85.25%). Maceration method was able to increase total phenolic content by about 128% and improve antioxidant activity by about 41%, compared to hot water method. However, UAE was excellent in producing phytochemicals which were responsible in anti uric activity, thus have the highest percentage in reducing UA level (90.72%), or increases by about 6.4%. compared to hot water method.

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Cream containing Cassia alata Leaves Extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis

Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Cream containing Cassia alata Leaves Extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIKOLESTEROL EKSTRAK DAUN KETEPENG CINA (Cassia alata L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR KOLESTEROL MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus L.)

High levels of cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and type 2 diabetes. One potential plant for traditional medicine to lower cholesterol levels is Cassia alata L. Cassia alata L. is known to contain flavonoid compounds, suspected to act as cholesterol-lowering agents in the body. This study aimed to determine the anti-cholesterol activity of Cassia alata L. in reducing cholesterol levels in male white mice (Mus musculus L.). The research employed an experimental design, utilizing the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent for extraction. Male white mice aged 3-4 months, weighing 20-30 grams, were used as test subjects. The first group served as the positive control using simvastatin suspension, the second group as the negative control using 0.5% Na CMC solution, the third group received Cassia alata L. extract at a concentration of F1 (10%), F2 (20%), F3 (30%). Data analysis was performed using One Way Anova. The results of the One-way Anova test obtained F count 31.192 > F table 3.48 and sig. value of 0.000 <0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which can be concluded that there is an effect of anticholesterol activity on Cassia alata L. extract. concentration of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Then in the Post Hoc Test using LSD, K (+) showed the same results as F3 (30%) with a significant value of 0.54 so that p>0.05 which showed no significant difference in anticholesterol effectiveness between K (+) and F3 (30%). The results revealed that Cassia alata L. extract at concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% exhibited activity in reducing cholesterol levels, which is F3 (30%) demonstrating the most significant cholesterol-lowering effect. This is attributed to the presence of flavonoid compounds in the Cassia alata L. extract.

Cassia alata L.: A Study of Antifungal Activity against Malassezia furfur, Identification of Major Compounds, and Molecular Docking to Lanosterol 14-Alpha Demethylase.

Empirically, in Indonesia, the leaves of Cassia alata L. (candle bush or ketepeng cina) have been used as a topical antifungal agent. Malassezia furfur is a natural microorganism found in the human body. It is among the factors contributing to conditions such as pityriasis versicolor, a common, benign, superficial fungal infection of the skin that is closely associated with seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. This study aimed to explore C. alata leaves, starting from determining antifungal activity against M. furfur and the identification of major compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions, and then we carried out molecular docking of the major compounds in the n-hexane fraction to lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase. The method was the disc diffusion technique to test antifungal activity, LC-MS/MS for major compound identification, and homology modeling through Swiss Models for molecular docking. The fractions of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract showed concentration-dependent antifungal activity against M. furfur. The LCMS/MS analysis revealed five major compounds in the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions. The molecular docking demonstrated the highest binding affinity with stearidonic acid at -7.2 kcal/mol. It can be concluded that the compounds in the n-hexane fraction have antifungal activity against M. furfur, as supported by both in vitro and in silico studies.

Ethnobotanical study and inventory of medicinal plants used in the treatment of dermatological diseases in southern Benin

The use of phytotherapy in the treatment of skin diseases is becoming more and more widespread in Benin due to the increasing number of dermatological diseases and the cosmetologically demands of the population. This study aimed to identify the medicinal plants used to treat common dermatoses in southern Benin. The methodology is based on ethnobotanical surveys carried out with the help of questionnaires among traditional therapists and medicinal plant sellers of different ages and sexes in some communes of southern Benin. The results obtained allowed us to identify 54 species of medicinal plants used in the treatment of dermatoses. The most frequently cited species include Crateva adansonii, Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, Ageratum conyzoides, Cassia alata, and Chromolaena odorata. Leaves are the most commonly used organ (73.29%). Decoction is the most popular method of preparation (95.4%), while bathing is the most commonly recommended method of administration (54.68%). All the information gathered will be used to create a database for future studies in the Beninese pharmacopeia to evaluate the efficacy of these antibacterial plants.

Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Sampo Antiketombe Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L) Terhadap Jamur Pityrosporum ovale

Dandruff is a health problem that is often experienced by most people because it can reduce self-confidence. The aim of this research is to determine the extract of Chinese ketepeng leaves (Cassia alata L) as an anti-dandruff shampoo preparation and to determine the activity of the shampoo against Pityrosporum ovale and Candida albicans fungi using laboratory experimental methods. This research is divided into three concentration variations, namely 10% - 15% 20% and two supporting controls, namely control (-) without extract and control (+), namely ketomed shampoo. Results: The results of the research for the inhibitory power of the fungus Pityrosporum ovale without extract (-) have a value of 4.43 mm at a concentration of 10% have an inhibition zone of 17.23 mm at a concentration of 15% have an inhibitory zone value of 18.67 mm at a concentration of 20% have the value of the inhibition zone is 19.66 mm in the control (+) which has a value of 20.87 mm. In Candida albicans without extract (-) it has a value of 2.33 mm at a concentration of 10% it has an inhibition zone value of 16.44 mm at a concentration of 15% it has an inhibition zone value of 17.76 mm at a concentration of 20% it has an inhibition zone value of 19.37 mm at control (+) has a value of 20.54 mm. Chinese ketepeng (Cassia alata L.) leaf extract can be used as an anti-dandruff shampoo, based on the results of the preparation evaluation it was found that the formula with a concentration of 15% meets the characteristics of a good shampoo, and the flavonoid compound content in Chinese Ketapang (Cassia alata L.) leaf extract is 15% has a high zone of inhibition against P. ovale and C. albicans fungi. So it can be concluded that the best formula obtained in this study was at an extract concentration of 15%.

Effect of pH variation on chemical components and antifungal activity of ketepeng cina (Cassia alata L.) leaves extract

Ketepeng cina (Cassia alata, L.) has been widely used as a traditional medicine, one of which is as an antifungal. Previous research showed problems with the storage of ketepeng cina leaves extract, which reported changes in pH and color over time. This study explored the effect on concentration of chemical components and antifungal activity under varying pH. Antifungal activity against Candida albicans was tested using microdilution and well diffusion methods. HPTLC technique was measured the chemical components of the extract represented by aloe-emodin and kaempferol concentration. The extract with pH 4.5 had the highest aloeemodin content and antifungal activity. The result of our research were the pH variation significant influence on anti fungal activity against C.albicans, where the best results are at pH 5.5 (p<0.05). The level of active components in the extract is influenced by the pH conditions (p<0.05). Specifically, the levels of kaempferol and aloe-emodin are maximum at a pH of 5.5. It can be concluded that pH can affect the levels of chemical components and antifungal activity in ethanol extracts of ketepeng cina (Cassia alata, L.) leaves.

Enhancing Antibiotic Efficacy: Exploring Synergistic Interactions between Plant Extracts and Conventional Antibiotics

Medicinal herbs including Senna alata, Ricinus communis, and Lannea barteri have been utilized for centuries to cure a variety of illnesses caused by microbial infections. This study looked at the synergistic effects of these drugs with traditional antibiotics on clinical isolates of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The test bacteria were chosen based on their minimal potential for monotherapy and susceptibility to at least one antibiotic with a known genetic basis. The interactions of plant extracts with antibiotics against the chosen pathogenic microorganisms were investigated using the agar well diffusion, broth microdilution, and checkerboard methods. Calculated fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values were used to describe how the extracts and antibiotics interacted. All the extracts from the three plants combined with fluconazole exhibited a synergistic interaction against C. albicans (FICI &lt; 0.5). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ampicillin against E. coli was demonstrated to be reduced by the combination of the ethanol extract of S. alata with ampicillin, with a FICI value of 0.4 indicating a synergistic effect. With a synergistic action (FICI ˂ 0.5) against P. aeruginosa, the ethanol extract of S. alata and amoxicillin were successful in reducing the MIC of amoxicillin from 0.32 to 0.17 mg/mL. Aqueous L. barteri extract combined with amoxicillin exhibited synergism (FICI &lt; 0.2) against S. aureus with a reduction of MIC from 0.20 to 0.03 mg/mL. The current study is the first to investigate the aforementioned plants in combination with conventional antibiotics for their antimicrobial activities. The findings of this study could be used to create a useful, applicable, feasible, and alternative source of novel antimicrobial agents.

Fabrication and Optimization of Electrospun Shellac Fibers Loaded with Senna alata Leaf Extract.

Single-fluid electrospinning creates nanofibers from molten polymer solutions with active ingredients. This study utilized a combination of a fractional factorial design and a Box-Behnken design to examine crucial factors among a multitude of parameters and to optimize the electrospinning conditions that impact fiber mats' morphology and the entrapment efficiency of Senna alata leaf extract. The findings indicated that the shellac content had the greatest impact on both fiber diameter and bead formation. The optimum electrospinning conditions were identified as a voltage of 24 kV, a solution feed rate of 0.8 mL/h, and a shellac-extract ratio of 38.5:3.8. These conditions produced nanosized fibers with a diameter of 306 nm, a low bead-to-fiber ratio of 0.29, and an extract entrapment efficiency of 96% within the fibers. The biphasic profile of the optimized nanofibers was confirmed with an in vitro release study. This profile consisted of an initial burst release of 88% within the first hour, which was succeeded by a sustained release pattern surpassing 90% for the next 12 h, as predicted with zero-order release kinetics. The optimized nanofibers demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against diverse pathogens, suggesting promising applications in wound dressings and protective textiles.

Review on Cassia alata Bioactive Compounds: In silico, in vitro, and in vivo Studies.

Cassia alata Linn is a popular herbal remedy in many countries, and its activities have been studied through many studies, starting from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. This narrative review will focus more on secondary metabolites that are responsible for certain pharmacological activities that have undergone in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing to determine the underlying mechanism. Twenty pharmacological activities have been identified, with the flavonoid group (emodin, kaempferol, quercetin) as the most prevalent secondary metabolite found in Cassia alata. There have been numerous studies looking at the role of flavonoids about specific diseases, and flavonoid testing is quite thorough because it covers three different study types. However, there has not been significant progress accomplished in terms of the evaluation of the dosage form so that test results for promising activities like antidiabetic, antifungal, and antiviral can be carried out into further research. Additionally, several disorders lack comprehensive investigation, particularly in silico studies, therefore further study is required to fill any gaps in the knowledge.

Extraction methods and plant species influences the anthocyanin and carotenoid content in the flowers of nine common landscape plants

Anthocyanin and carotenoids are the two major groups of plant pigments having beneficial effects on human body. Anthocyanin, a water-soluble coloured flavonoid that imparts red, blue and purple colour in fruit, vegetables and flowers possesses anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, preventive in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes, and improves visual and brain functions. Carotenoids, C40 isoprenoid compounds, impart yellow to orange red colours to flowers are antioxidants, anti carcinogenic, protect cornea against UV light, and reduces cholesterol levels. Flowers are prominent sources of these two bio-compounds. The present study aimed at extraction of anthocyanin and carotenoid from flowers of nine common landscape plants (Erythrina indica, Delonix regia, Spathodia campanulata, Casis fistula, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Cassia alata, Lagerstroemia sp., Clitoria sp. and Eicchornia crassipes) blooming in red, yellow and blue, through four aqueous extraction methods with varying temperature and microwave assistance. The results indicated that the anthocyanin and carotenoid content varied significantly among the flower species, methods of extraction and their interaction. Maximum anthocyanin content was obtained from blue-coloured flowers of Clitoria sp. (64.44 mg l-1) in microwave assisted extraction and maximum carotenoid content from red-coloured flowers of Delonix regia (99.60 µg g-1) in cold water maceration.

A Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of CuO, ZnO and Mixed (CuO/ZnO) Nanoparticles using Cassia alata Flower Extract

In the current scenario, environmental friendly methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their composites have become a desirable trend. Phytochemicals derived from plant extracts are now being employed as a distinctive method for synthesizing nanoparticles due to their ability to serve as both reducing and capping agents. In present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and their mixed composites (CuO/ZnO) were synthesized using the flower extract of plant Cassia alata. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by observing the colour change of the reaction mixture and was determined by detecting the surface plasmon resonance band at 280, 320 and 359 nm for CuO, ZnO and CuO/ZnO, respectively. The antioxidant activity of nanoparticles was characterized for DPPH, ABTS, NO and iron reducing power method. In addition, the antibacterial properties of these bioactive nanoparticles were also investigated. The CuO/ZnO nanocomposites showed superior antioxidant and antibacterial activity than CuO and ZnO nanoparticles.

Effect of antifungal botanical extracts on seed-borne fungi prevalence and germination of Terminalia ivorensis seeds in Ghana

The use of synthetic fungicides for the management of seed-borne pathogens are detrimental to human health and the environment. In view of this research was conducted to assess the effect of antifungal botanical extracts (garlic, neem and Senna alata) on seed-borne fungi prevalence and seed germination of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Two major seed-borne fungi of two genera namely Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum sp. were isolated from the seeds. There was a hundred percent incidence of seed-borne fungi infection of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Aspergillus niger was predominant with an incidence of 91.7% while Colletotrichum sp. had an incidence of 8.3%. There were significant differences between treatments with respect to total seed-borne fungi prevalence. Seeds treated with Senna alata aqueous extract showed the highest 100.0% prevalence of total seed-borne fungi followed by seeds treated with neem (75.0%) whilst seeds treated with aqueous garlic extract recorded the least (8.3%) total seed-borne fungi prevalence. The highest (100.0%) prevalence of Aspergillus niger was recorded by seeds treated with Senna alata whilst the least (8.3%) recorded in seeds treated with garlic. Colletotrichum sp. was only prevalent on seed treated with Mancozeb 80% WP at 8.3%. Significant variations were observed between treatments regarding germination percentages of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Seeds treated with garlic extract recorded the highest (50.0%) germination percentage whilst the lowest (21.7%) recorded by Senna alata. Treating forest tree seeds with garlic extract before sowing could inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens and therefore improve germination.

Antiviral Investigation of Cassia alata L. bioactive compounds for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: In Silico approach

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a prolonged COVID-19 pandemic since the end of December 2019 and is still ongoing now. Bioactive compounds can be used as drugs to treat infectious diseases. This study aims to determine C. alata as a drug candidate for COVID-19 through its inhibitory activity to Mpro SARS-CoV-2 in silico. Cassia alata bioactive compounds have the potential to be used as a candidate for anti-SARS-CoV-2 supported by the result of drug-likeness, ADMET, pharmacokinetics, binding affinity, and antiviral activity prediction. Further research needs to be carried out to make C. alata a drug for COVID-19.

In Vitro Control of Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Selected Brri Rice Varieties

The present study evaluated the efficacy of five chemical fungicides, viz., Capvit 50 WP, Cynil 72 WP, Kochi 80 WDG, Sinozim 50 WP and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG along with five plant extracts, specifically Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Adhatoda vasica Nees., Psidium guajava L., Cassia alata L. and Citrus limon on the radial mycelial growth of two pathogenic fungi, Curvularia lunata and Drechslera oryzae associated with newly released BRRI rice varieties at varying concentrations. Capvit 50 WP exhibited complete inhibition of C. lunata at 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations as well as D. oryzae at 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations leading the selected fungicides, followed by Cynil 72 WP and Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG. Out of the five plant extracts, P. guajava demonstrated maximum radial growth inhibition (72.2%) against C. lunata at 20% concentration followed by A. indica. (56%), A. vasica. (52.3%), C. alata (24%) and C. limon (18.1%). Capvit 50 WP and Cynil 72 WP, among the fungicides, are potential in vivo controls for the tested pathogens associated with rice varieties. Additionally, out of the five plant extracts, Psidium guajava L. can be effective against C. lunata, while Azadirachta indica A. Juss. is a promising botanical fungicide against D. oryzae. Bioresearch Commu. 10(1): 1393-1397, 2024 (January)