Senior Officials Research Articles

DLF Ltd. vs. Securities and Exchange Board of India

The Security Exchange Board of India (hereinafter referred to as SEBI) and Delhi and Finance Limited (hereinafter referred to as DLF) recently engaged in a legal dispute over the details DLF disclosed in its "red herring prospectus." The disclosure relating to three of DLF's subsidiaries, over which SEBI claimed DLF held constructive control, was challenged by SEBI. Additionally, SEBI claimed that DLF concealed an FIR that had been filed against it, substantially impairing the present and future interests of its prospective shareholders. This was deemed by SEBI to be a flagrant breach of both the disclosure and investor protection (DIP) guidelines[1] and the rules for the issuance of capital and disclosure obligations. SEBI prohibited DLF and six of its senior management officers from accessing the capital market for three years as a result of the same. This ruling was contested before the Securities Appellate Tribunal, which then investigated the facts and provided more insight into the case that will be examined in more detail. This case sheds significant light on the corporate veil concept, the disclosure obligations when offering shares to seek funds from the capital market, and the conditions and parties involved in a lawsuit to dispute such disclosure of information. Given that DLF is a top building and construction company, there is a focus on establishing the proper standards of transparency. This case establishes a significant precedent for a highly strong corporate and industrial culture.

Working Together: Elite Global Financiers and Senior Government Officials

AbstractElite global financiers and senior government officials engage in economic diplomacy as they work together to achieve their goals. However, their co-dependent relationship is a source of tension because their goals do not always align. The thesis is that elite financiers and senior government officials mitigate these inherent tensions in their economic diplomacy relationships through building moderate to strong ties with each other. The empirical evidence to examine this thesis comes from interviews with 10 elite financiers in leading global financial centres. Their responsibilities require they interface with senior government officials. The results demonstrate that moderate to strong ties developed in face-to-face meetings between financiers and senior officials comprise crucial mechanisms to manage the tensions in their economic diplomacy

DEMOKRASİYİ ULUSLARARASI HUKUKLA KORUNAN BİR HAK OLARAK YENİDEN GÖZDEN GEÇİRMEK: AFRİKA ASKERİ DARBELERİNİN GETİRDİĞİ ZORLUKLAR

In Africa, democracy is the meeting of two streams of traditions: one from Western countries, the other specifically African. Since the 1990s, all the States of this continent have established a pluralist electoral process with competition between candidates, with the exception of Eritrea. However, this era again witnessed multiple coups than before. The groups responsible for the coups quickly occupied the centres of command, decision-making and administration, replacing the previous chief executives and the most senior officials with people of their choice. They ended up controlling the entire state authority. Despite the size of the continent and the multiplicity of situations, the reality remains the same in Africa. Until today coups are still happening. The principal aim of international law is to sustain global peace between countries. However, this peace cannot be reached when international law is indifferent to the domestic peace of members of international community regardless of the origin of the threat. The aim of this research is to analyse whether there is an obligation under the international law to be democratic and whether military coups especially the recent African coups can establish an obligation under international law.

Opioid Prescription Clusters Associated With Early or Unplanned Military Separation.

Early/unplanned military separation in Active Component U.S. service members can result in reduced readiness during periods of high-tempo combat and increased demand for health care services within the Military Health System and Veterans Administration. Although current assessment tools leverage prescription data to determine deployment-limiting medication receipt and the need for interventions or waivers, there is a lack of understanding regarding opioid prescription patterns and subsequent early/unplanned military separation after return from deployment. As such, understanding these relationships could support future tool development and strategic resourcing. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to identify unique 12-month opioid prescription patterns and evaluate their relationship with early/unplanned military separation in Active Component service members who returned from deployment. This retrospective, IRB-approved cohort study included data from 137,654 Active Component Army service members who returned from deployment between 2007 and 2013, received a post-deployment (index) opioid prescription, and had at least 1 year of Active Component service post-opioid initiation. A k-means clustering analysis identified clusters using opioid prescription frequency, median dose, median days supply, and prescription breaks (≥30 days) over the 12-month post-initiation (monitoring) period. A generalized additive model examined whether cluster membership and additional covariates were associated with early/unplanned separation. In addition to the single opioid prescription (38%), the cluster analysis identified five clusters: brief/moderate dose (25%), recurrent breaks (16%), brief/high dose (11%), long/few prescriptions (8%), and high prescription frequency (2%). In the generalized additive model, the probability of early/unplanned military separation was higher for the high prescription frequency cluster (74%), followed by recurrent breaks (45%), long/few prescriptions (37%), brief/moderate dose (30%), and brief/high dose (29%) clusters, relative to the single prescription (21%) cluster. The probability of early/unplanned separation was significantly higher for service members with documented substance use disorders, mental health conditions, or traumatic brain injuries during the monitoring periods. Service members assigned male were more likely to have an early/unplanned separation relative to service members assigned female. Latinx service members and service members whose race was listed as Other were less likely to experience early/unplanned separation relative to white service members. Relative to Junior Officers, Junior Enlisted and Senior Enlisted service members were more likely to experience early/unplanned separation, but Senior Officers were less likely. Further evaluation to support the integration of longitudinal opioid prescription patterns into existing tools (e.g., a screening tool for deployment-limiting prescriptions) may enable more timely intervention and support service delivery to mitigate the probability and impact of early/unplanned separation.

Disparities in the use of colorectal cancer screening in a universally insured population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Despite the known efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, the rates of individuals undergoing such testing have remained lower than target thresholds, even prior to the healthcare disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CRC screening within a nationally representative US population and assessed disparities in screening across racial/ethnic groups and socioeconomic (SES) strata. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using all eligible TRICARE beneficiaries aged 45-64 years between FY 2018 and 2021. High-risk individuals, those with a previous or current CRC diagnosis, and/or a personal/family history of colonic polyps, were excluded. The pre-COVID-19 period (September 1, 2018-March 31, 2020) was compared to the COVID-19 period (April 1, 2020-September 30, 2021). Secondary analyses were performed, evaluating the interaction between the COVID-19 time period, race, and our proxy for socioeconomic status. During the study period, we identified 1,749,688 eligible individuals. Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, CRC screening overall decreased from 34% in the pre-pandemic period to 30% following the onset of the pandemic (p < 0.001). This finding persisted even after adjusting for confounders in multivariable analysis (odds ratio [OR] for the pandemic timeframe: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.31; p < 0.001). In the setting of SES, in the pandemic period, the odds of individuals from both Senior Enlisted (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.56) and Junior Enlisted sponsor ranks (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.30) were diminished as compared to Senior Officers. We found a 21% reduction in the odds of CRC screening in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reductions in colonoscopies and other types of screening tests were not offset by changes in the use of at-home tests such as Cologuard.

Passengers, citizens, customers: London transport transformed 1977–1987

This paper examines a transformation in the corporate control of London’s transport between 1977 and 1987. We offer a detailed case study explaining how a corporatist consensus broke down, what replaced it, and why. By 1977, London Transport was a centralised monopoly captured by its producer groups while passengers were treated as passive recipients. Two alternatives presented themselves: a utility maximising perspective, empowering passengers as citizens, or a cost-minimising perspective construing passengers as customers. After a period of conflict, central government intervened to disaggregate London Transport as an organisation while keeping its monopoly of provision intact. We assess this complicated transformation, arguing that there was a pivot from enterprise-level to product-level orientated logics visible in the day-to-day operations, interactions, and reporting systems. Using techniques later characterised as New Public Management, senior officials re-configured London Transport’s dynamic capabilities towards commercial imperatives, successfully transforming its business model.

The effect of culture and religion on the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education in selected primary schools of Zambia

Despite full-scale implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in Zambia, behavioural health problems among adolescents persist which include early and unprotected sex, sexual abuse, early marriages and teenage pregnancies. The study aimed at establishing the effect of culture and religion on the implementation of CSE in selected primary schools of Kabwe, Lusaka and Choma districts of Zambia. The study utilised mixed method design with a pupil population drawn from 9 selected primary schools. The sample size of the study was 700 adolescents (aged 12–17 years) and 16 key informants i.e. headteachers, teachers, guidance and counseling teachers, and government senior officials). Simple random sampling was utilised to select pupils while purposive sampling was employed to select key informants. Interview guides, questionnaires and focus group discussions were employed to collect statistical and narrative data. Data was analysed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and thematic analysis. The study found that culture and religion influenced the implementation of CSE in selected primary schools. This was evident in the language used for teaching CSE, where vernacular expressions of sexuality faced resistance in a culturally conservative society, despite the dominant use of English. Additionally, there was a perception of incompatibility between religious beliefs and teaching sexuality to adolescents. Moreover, adult respondents believed that CSE could breach the moral fabric. In conclusion, for CSE to achieve its goal of improving young people's education and health outcomes, both religious and traditional leaders must be involved in its implementation.

General intelligence, personality traits, and motivation as predictors of performance, potential, and rate of advancement of Royal Navy senior officers

ABSTRACT This paper assesses the impact of general intelligence, as well as specific personality traits, and aspects of motivation, on performance, potential, and advancement of senior leaders. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the full population of 381 senior officers in the Royal Navy with an 80% response rate. Performance, potential, and rate of advancement were established direct from the organization’s appraisal system; intelligence, personality traits and motivation were assessed, at the time of the study, using the Verify G+ Test, Occupational Personality Questionnaire, and Motivation Questionnaire. Findings suggest differences in motivation are more important than differences in general intelligence, or personality traits, in predicting assessed performance, potential within, and actual rate of advancement to, senior leadership positions. This is a rare example of a study into very senior leaders, validated against both formal appraisal data and actual rates of advancement. As a consequence of this study the Royal Navy has started to use psychometric-based assessments as part of the selection and development of its most Senior Officers.

Is the problem driven iterative adaptation approach (PDIA) a panacea for public financial management reform? Evidence from six African countries

This article assesses the application of the problem driven iterative adaptation (PDIA) approach to public financial management reform in six African countries. It draws on primary data collected using a mix of interviews, overt participation observations and a short survey. PDIA responds to shortcomings in orthodox approaches to reform and technical assistance in developing countries. It stresses local solutions to local problems, achieved through experimentation and adaptation. The principles of PDIA are appealing, but its empirical assessment is in its infancy. This study aims to fill part of this gap. Findings show that PDIA delivers results in the short-term, particularly in cases where there is an influential authorising agent and dedicated team. Progress was less forthcoming for reforms that required high level political buy-in from senior officials. The approach does exceptionally well to develop staff capability, transferable skills, and local empowerment to solve local problems, thus potentially benefitting future reforms.

Influencing Companies’ Green Governance Through the System of Legal Liability for Environmental Infractions in China and Brazil: Lighting the Way Toward BRICS Cooperation

As a platform of cooperation among its member states, questions of whether or how the BRICS alliance can influence and shape the global governance system and improve their internal governance systems have often been raised. In the process of exploring the role that the law can play in this context, comparative studies on the laws of the BRICS member states, particularly in the defined areas of cooperation, are an important perspective to be addressed in order to be able to contribute to the improvement of their internal governance systems. However, much work remains to be done on this perspective. This article partially fills this gap by conducting a comparative study related to one of the BRICS areas of cooperation – sustainable development – between two of its members: China and Brazil. Specifically, it compares how both states, as stakeholders, use the legal regime of liability for environmental infractions to influence the green governance of companies. The article, therefore, uses comparative legal methodology, using as its objects of research relevant legal provisions on legal liability for environmental infractions gathered from the legal systems of China and Brazil. The adoption of strict civil liability, liability for environmental damages per se and the extension of criminal liability to legal persons are among the similarities found. As for the differences, it finds that, as a principle, Chinese law shields directors and senior officers from liability toward third parties, while Brazilian law fully extends such liability to these entities; additionally, in the Chinese legal system, the burden of disproving causality between the harm and the activity that caused it falls upon the actor, while the Brazilian legal system adopts a double-standard approach for collective suits and individual suits; and finally, the Chinese law imposes a legal obligation to adopt what, in effect, is close to a corporate environmental management system, while the Brazilian legal system lacks a similar mandate.

THE ROLE OF THE VISUAL IMAGE OF A POLITICAL LEADER IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY

The article examines the influence of the visual image of political leaders, in particular their appearance and clothing style, on public perception. The visual image of a political leader is a complex system of impressions that he creates with the help of his appearance, clothing and manner of behavior. It is one of the sources in forming the authority and popularity of political leaders. On the basis of empirical domestic and foreign research, a comprehensive comparative analysis of senior officials and political leaders of the leading countries of the world and Ukraine was carried out from the point of view of external image formation and its perception by potential voters. Examples of changes in the visual image of political leaders in the context of their perception by the target audience and the electorate in general are given. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, in addition to the key aspect of a political leader’s visual image, such as appearance (physical features, clothing, etc.), sociability, media presence, and lifestyle are also important components. Appearance is an important factor in creating a first impression on people. Clothing reflects the style and ideology of a political leader, which can enhance his image. Communicability is a key factor in interacting with the public and the media, allowing politicians and political leaders to attract attention to their ideas and views. Media presence forms a visual image, as mass media provide a wide audience and can significantly influence the public’s perception of a political leader. Based on the analysis, it is emphasized that in a democratic society, within the framework of fair political competition, the visual image as a whole, as well as its individual components, can cause significant fluctuations between positive and negative indicators in the political rating. It was concluded that the visual image plays an important role in shaping the popularity of a political leader, is a factor in forming his political brand, which he uses to convey certain ideological messages and attitudes.

Wrestling with multiple accountabilities in times of crisis: Findings from the experiences of Chinese local governments in responding to COVID‐19

AbstractGovernments around the world, when faced with a crisis, struggle to manage various legitimate accountability expectations. Our study investigated how Chinese local governments reconcile social and hierarchical accountability in managing COVID‐19. We found that local governments are generally more responsive to hierarchical than social accountability. Moreover, senior officials are highly unlikely to shirk their duties toward hierarchical accountability when a crisis is severe. Furthermore, crisis severity increases local governments' responsiveness to social accountability. Our study has encircled our understanding regarding the management of multiple accountabilities in crisis.

Prerequisites, International Context and Features of NATO’s Proxy War against Russia in Ukraine (2022–2023)

The purpose of the article is to clarify the prerequisites, international context, and features of the armed conflict in Ukraine, which in the conditions of a Special Military Operation (SVO) has acquired the character of a protracted and exhausting proxy war between Russia and NATO countries. By now, Russian social scientists have generally developed an adequate understanding of the causes of the war and the goals of the warring parties. Their methodological position is clear and is mainly determined by political attitudes that have been repeatedly voiced by the President of the Russian Federation, the Head of the Russian Foreign Ministry, other senior officials, and representatives of interested departments. As a rule, this does not raise questions since the official Russian position is not actually imbued with ideology. At the same time, the publications of Western political scientists, experts, and journalists, especially those who adhere to the realistic paradigm, deserve attention. Their assessments and forecasts contribute to the formation of an objective picture of the Ukrainian crisis. During the study, it was found that the intentions of the NATO countries led by the United States, and, therefore, the background of their rivalry with Russia, have not changed during the SVO. They still expect to inflict a strategic defeat on our country and thereby prolong the existence of a unipolar world. Believing in Russia’s weakness, Western elites associate the end of the conflict with the victory of the Kiev regime on the battlefield. Therefore, the United States and its NATO allies continue to saturate Ukraine with more and more modern weapons. The main sponsor and organizer of the ongoing war is the United States, which pays two-thirds of Ukrainian military expenses. At the same time, their behavior is characterized by caution and even a certain responsibility. The United States fears an uncontrolled escalation of the conflict, every time it emphasizes its non-involvement in military actions and seeks to localize them within the borders of Ukraine. Even though the Russian Federation is also wary of striking at the territory of NATO countries, the conflict between them continues to develop in an escalating spiral. The war is gradually moving beyond the mediated relations between Russia and the countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. With the expansion of supplies of increasingly destructive weapons and the direct involvement of NATO members in the confrontation with the Russian military, it acquires a full-fledged character with the prospect of going beyond the borders of Ukraine and using unconventional weapons.

Investigation Procedures in the Crimes of Ministers and Senior Officials In light of Federal Decree-law No. (24) of 2021 on the accountability of Ministers and Senior Officials Of The Federation

Investigation Procedures in the Crimes of Ministers and Senior Officials In light of Federal Decree-law No. (24) of 2021 on the accountability of Ministers and Senior Officials Of The Federation

Setting The Stage for Innovation: Leveraging Technology for Recruitment and Talent Acquisition in Financial Sector

For the financial industry to survive, both talent acquisition and retention are essential. The fact that more people concur that financial sectors should use the newest technologies to hire talent is evidence of this realization. Managing talent after recruiting has an impact on the role in talent management in addition to talent acquisition. The study was conducted in Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh. Financial firms of Prayagraj district were undertaken for the study. Public banks: Bank of Baroda, State Bank of India and United Bank of India were undertaken for the study. Most respondents from both groups stated that financial sectors use cutting-edge technologies in financial industry administration and recruitment. The study's findings showed that senior officials and human resource experts had the same opinions on the potential for innovation in hiring and managing talent in the financial sectors.

A lack of nostalgia: Hometown favoritism and allocation of intergovernmental transfer in China

We investigated hometown favoritism among senior provincial officials (SPOs) in China. SPOs include all officials with a vice-governor rank or above in provincial party standing committees and provincial governments. Using a new comprehensive panel of 2381 SPOs, we found that an increase in the number of SPOs born in a city does not increase the fiscal transfers received by the city and does not promote local economic growth. We argue that the absence of hometown favoritism results from the Chinese style of upward-accountability regime, in which provincial officials do not need to please residents in return for votes.

Expert Views on Medical Involvement in the Swiss Assisted Dying Practice: “We Want to Have Our Cake and Eat It Too”?

Background Most jurisdictions that allow euthanasia and assisted suicide (AS) regulate it through the medical profession. However, the extent and nature of how medicine should be involved are debated. Swiss AS practice is unusual in that it is managed by lay AS organizations that rely on a law that permits AS when done for nonselfish reasons. Physicians are not mentioned in the law but are usually called upon to prescribe the lethal medications and perform capacity evaluations. Methods We analyzed in-depth interviews of 23 Swiss AS experts including ethicists, lawyers, medical practitioners, and senior officials of AS organizations for their views on AS. Results Although there was agreement on some issues (e.g., need for better end-of-life care), the interviewees’ preferred model for AS, and the nature of preferred medical involvement, varied, which we categorized into five types: preference for AS practice as it occurred prior to lay AS organizations; preference for the current lay model; preference for a modified lay model to increase autonomy protections while limiting medical AS normalization; preference for various types of more medicalized models of AS; and, ambivalence about any specific model of medical involvement. The rationales given for each type of model reflected varying opinions on how medicine’s role would likely impact AS practice and demonstrated the experts’ attitudes toward those impacts. Conclusion The dynamics within the Swiss AS regime, as reflected in the varying views of Swiss AS experts, shed light on the dilemmas inherent to medical scope and involvement in AS, which may have implications for debates in other jurisdictions.

The Dialectics of the Legal Status of a Person and Individual Freedom

Stratification is one of the foundations of class society. In the daily routine, this is noticeable when the head of the enterprise counts on a better and more plentiful grocery basket than an ordinary employee. The legal position of a wealthy and educated person is also diverse. One most often drives a car, concludes dozens of transactions, and attends sports clubs; he or she is often registered as an entrepreneur or serves in law enforcement agencies. Minors and mentally disordered people cannot boast of the legal personality of an adult mentally healthy citizen. The attention of the legislator has been turned away from low-status groups throughout history. Not required to be held accountable by law, their representatives cultivated a culture of doubt, absenteeism, and illegalism in their midst. The individual freedom of such a person is very wide, but, forced into the backyard of the economic system and prestigious practices, he rarely finds usage for his own talents. Senior officers, politicians, and businesspeople easily purchase goods for the home and take their children to the best schools. In retribution, they have to constantly endure the attention of society, play a role that is not completely characteristic of the inner world, not give in to a spontaneous impulse, and give up the pursuit of happiness without worries. The existential task of jurisprudence is to combine the best of two lifestyles. It means to soften the dialectical opposition of a solid social status and unlimited freedom using procedural tricks and the sprawling apparatus of doctrine and dogma. That’s why the semantic center of our science is located where citizens manage to put together an objectively valuable human capital with maintaining a low or outcast legal status. Such people have something to lose. They are more willing to turn to a lawyer with a request for help and legalization.

Barriers to identification and reporting of child abuse and neglect experienced by medical officers and nursing staff in emergency departments of the Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District.

This structured survey sought to identify barriers to recognising and reporting potential child abuse by medical officers and nursing staff in the EDs of three Western Sydney hospitals. These include a large metropolitan teaching hospital, a small metropolitan hospital and a rural hospital. A mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative study methodology was used to survey potential participants. The electronic survey was distributed to participants to assess knowledge and experiences with identifying child abuse presenting to the ED over a 6-month period. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. A total of 121 responses were received from 340 potential participants, giving a participation rate of 35%. The majority of the respondents were senior medical officers (38/110, 34%) or registered nurses (35/110, 32%). The study participants perceived the lack of time as the most significant barrier to reporting child abuse (85/101, 84%). This was followed by a lack of education (35/101, 34%), resources (33/101, 32%) and support (30/101, 29%). The combination of hospital, departmental and individual staff issues such as time limitations, lack of resources, education and support are potential barriers to reporting suspected child abuse. We recommend tailored teaching sessions, improved reporting procedures and increased support from senior staff to overcome these barriers.

Analisis Pengembangan Wilayah Kabupaten Wonogiri Berbasis Sektor Unggulan Daerah

The goal of this study was to identify the sectors that can be developed into leading sectors in Wonogiri Regency. This study used Shift Share analysis, Klassen Typology analysis, and location quotient analysis. The data used was the regional product gross of the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2015-2021. Based on the results of the LQ analysis, there were 11 leading industries, the highest of which were agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, with an LQ value of 2,282. The lowest value was for the water supply industry, with an LQ value of 1,059. There were six divisions in the non-basic sector. Based on the results of the Klassen Typology analysis, ten divisions were classified in the quadrant I category, three divisions were organized in the quadrant II category, five divisions were ranked in the quadrant III category, and three divisions were classified in the quadrant IV category. Finally, from the results of the Shift Share analysis, the growth component of the territory (N) was positive, the industrial structure component (M) was positive for 13 industries and negative for four drives, and the competitiveness component (C) was positive for 15 sectors and negative for four industries. The results of the analysis indicate that Wonogiri Regency has many senior officials.