Senior Athletes Research Articles

Risk profiles for self-medication with analgesics among elite German handball players

This study presents empirical evidence on self-medication with analgesics among elite German handball players. The aim is to elucidate the intentions behind therapeutic and preventive analgesic use and identify high-risk profiles for this complex health-risk behavior based on psychosocial factors. Data were collected from 459 handball players (233 female, 226 male athletes) across the highest German divisions (1st – 3rd and German Youth Handball Bundesliga) through a quantitative online survey conducted between October 2021 and April 2022. The survey requested demographic information and details on analgesic use patterns, intentions behind analgesic use, and psychosocial variables. The study shows that athletes use self-medication with painkillers as a coping strategy to manage distractions from acute injuries and pain as well as to prevent expected distractions. Engaging in self-medication allows athletes to navigate the pressures of elite sport. Classification tree analysis revealed distinct risk profiles for therapeutic and preventive analgesic use. Key factors of self-medication include age, athletic identity, willingness to compete hurt, and perceived performance state. The high-risk group for therapeutic self-medication with analgesics consists of senior athletes. The high-risk group for using analgesics preventively, in contrast, is composed of athletes over the age of 17 with strong negative affectivity, a heightened willingness to take risks, and good perceived performance. Our findings highlight the necessity for specific interventions to address the multifaceted motivations behind self-medication and promote safer practices in elite sports. Future research should concentrate on longitudinal studies and diverse athlete populations and use qualitative studies to gain a deeper understanding of the determinants of analgesic use and to develop effective intervention strategies.

Exploring Talent Identification and Development Practices in Chinese Basketball

The objective of this research was to evaluate the techniques used in the process of identifying and developing young basketball player potential in Chinese basketball schools. The study included a sample of 150 teenage basketball players and coaches who were selected to assess specific criteria for talent identification. These criteria encompassed physical characteristics, technical abilities, tactical understanding, social qualities, work ethic, and contextual elements. The research used a blend of descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including regression analysis, to ascertain the most influential characteristics in predicting the selection of young athletes for development programs. The findings revealed that all the main factors for identifying potential were significant, with work ethic obtaining the highest ranking among sporting participants. The survey showed no notable disparity in the evaluation of credentials depending on gender. However, variations were seen based on the academic year level, namely in the perceived enhancement of skills, with senior athletes displaying a more positive perspective. The efficacy of the current development initiatives was evaluated favorably in all domains, with mental growth achieving the highest success rating. Upon further examination, a notable disparity was found in the efficacy of cognitive growth depending on gender and skills acquisition depending on the academic year. The regression analysis revealed that all criteria, including physical attributes, technical skills, tactical understanding, social attributes, work ethic, and contextual factors, have significant predictive power in determining the selection of young athletes for development programs. Among these criteria, contextual factors emerged as the most influential predictor.

Rights-based policies for role-bearing people: Are geo-cultural norms a hindrance to cultivating safer sport?

Many (inter)national governments and sports organisations are implementing standardised Safe Sport policies and guidelines. However, the Western-born, rights-based norm that underlies Safe Sport can collide with pre-existing geo-sociocultural norms of local contexts. Drawing from a case study of South Korea's elite sport pathway where tightened regulations on abuse challenge the long-lasting relational hierarchy based on Confucianism, this paper examines how athletes and coaches manoeuvre within the fast-changing social order shaped by the new safeguarding policies and practices. Analysing data from semi-structured interviews with 48 participants around two Elite Sports Schools, the paper shows that the rights-based norm integral to Safe Sport is sifted through the Confucian hierarchy, generating two main shifts respectively in coaches’ roles (from caring disciplinarians to professional service providers) and senior athletes’ (from potential abusers to benevolent superiors). That is, individual actors re-script their relational template by negotiating between the familiar and new relational ethics. From this, the paper suggests that Safe Sport is not a straightforward process of modernising less advanced practices up to a certain standard; it requires understanding how individuals make sense of the process in their own socio-cultural contexts.

Health status of senior netball players, their medication use and attitudes towards doping.

Limited research exists on the health and injuries of South African senior netball players. Senior netball players may be at greater risk of injuries and chronic disease due to their age. To treat these conditions, they may use prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications and, therefore, may be more vulnerable to unintentional doping. The primary aim of this study was to determine the health status, medication use and attitudes towards doping of South African senior netball players. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed to collect data by means of an online survey. The validated 8-item Performance Enhancement Attitudes Scale (PEAS) was used to gather information on the netball player's attitudes towards doping. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data using proportions (categorical), means (normally distributed, continuous) and medians (non-normal distributed, continuous). Doping prevalence and accompanying 95% confidence interval were calculated. Sixty senior netball players consented and completed the self-report questionnaire. The prevalence of chronic disease was 11.67%. Asthma and other conditions such as depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) had the highest prevalence of 3.33%. The prevalence of chronic prescription medication use was 8.33% and 66.67% of the netball players reported receiving prescription injections, medications or utilizing OTC medications for treating injury or illness suffered 1-6 weeks before or during competition. The netball players do not have a lenient attitude towards doping. The prescription and OTC medication use could put this cohort of netball players at risk of unintentional doping. Anti-doping education aimed at senior athletes may be beneficial to reduce the risk of unintentional doping due to prescription and OTC medication use for injury or illness.

The relationship between asymmetry changes in the slope frequency of bioelectrical activity of the gluteus maximus muscles and experience in short track speed skating athletics

BACKGROUND: In short track speed skating, there is asymmetric fatigue of the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle resulting from the technique of skating. Scientific reports confirm the relationship between muscle fatigue and its change in the slope frequency of bioelectrical activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether athletic experience in elite short track speed skating can distinguish the asymmetry change in slope frequency of the raw electromyographic signal (EMG) of the GM muscle, influenced by the disparity in experience between junior and senior athletes. METHODS: In the research, an elite group of short track speed skating national team athletes Junior and Senior, participated. Isometric tension GM muscle was tested using the Biering-Sorensen test. RESULTS: The study confirmed differences in the asymmetry of slope frequences EMG signal in GM muscle between juniors and seniors in short track speed skating (p⩽ 0.001). Senior athletes showed greater slope frequences in the right GM muscle (p⩽ 0.002), while juniors showed greater in the left GM muscle (p⩽ 0.008). Intergroup analysis revealed significantly meaningful differences (p⩽ 0.001) in the level of slope frequences of the right GM muscle (juniors vs. seniors), highlighting the asymmetry resulting from experience. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the level of slope frequences of the right gluteus maximus muscle juniors vs. seniors were demonstrated, suggesting asymmetry due to experience and skating technique.

THE USE OF REAL-TIME FEEDBACK TECHNOLOGIES IN 3X3 WOMEN'S BASKETBALL TRAINING

Basketball 3x3, considered an urban team sport, relies on quick and efficient decision-making during gameplay. Developing decision-making behavior is crucial due to the complexity of team dynamics. This aspect can be further investigated and improved with the help of neuroscience and digital technologies. Research hypotheses include integrating virtual reality as well as utilizing feedback technologies in training. The proposed research methodology involves analyzing data from multiple sources, pedagogical experiments, and sociological research. The aim is to identify patterns and trends in decision-making behavior, and furthermore to evaluate the effectiveness of training methods. The estimated results target enhancing knowledge about decision-making behavior in 3x3 basketball, with an impact on the training and performance of senior athletes.

Identification of sports injuries in senior volleyball athlete age 17-24 years

Identification of sports injuries in senior volleyball athlete age 17-24 years

The effect of rubber training on Kisame Tsuki's punch speed in Karate

This research aims to determine: (1) the effect of rubber training on Kisame Tsuki's punches; (2) increase in Kisame Tsuki's punch speed. The design of this research is quantitative using a Two Group Pretest Posttest design, namely an experimental design carried out on two different groups, namely the rubber group and the control group. The population of this study were senior athletes aged 21 years and over. The sample for this study was 14 kumite athletes taken using a random sampling technique. The data analysis technique used was the Independent Sample T-test with a significance level of ? = 0.05. The research results are as follows. (1) There is an influence of rubber training on Kisame Tsuki Sig's punches. (2-tailed) (0.004) < 0.05 and also the calculated t value (3.613) > t table (2.447); (2) There was a significant increase in Kisame Tsuki's punch speed as seen from the rubber group's gain score of 0.49, which means there was a moderate increase. So training using rubber tools has an influence in increasing the speed of Kisame Tsuki's punches in UNJ Student Karate athletes.

Performance pathways in elite middle- and long-distance track and field athletes: The influence of a successful youth

ObjectivesThere is limited information on the performance progression of athletics endurance athletes from junior-to-senior status and the determinants of success in adulthood. This study aimed to quantify the youth-to-senior transition rate, the likelihood of success and the relationship between youth and senior performance amongst world-class athletes competing in middle- and long-distance disciplines. DesignRetrospective design examining public data between 2000 and 2019. MethodsThe performances of 4678 international athletes (45.3 % female) were analysed. World's all-time top 50 athletes were identified for U18 and Senior categories (age ≥ 20 years). Youth-to-senior transition rate and transition probabilities were calculated. Correlations between best U18 and Senior performances were determined to assess the stability of the performance. ResultsThe youth-to-senior transition rate for top U18 athletes was low for males and females (~19 % and 21 %). Nevertheless, the probability of transition to a top senior was ~7 times higher for top U18 athletes than for non-top U18 athletes. The correlations between youth and senior best performances were low-to-high. ConclusionsFew top U18 athletes maintained top world ranking status during their senior careers. Still, they are more likely to become top senior athletes than those who did not perform at the top level in U18. The association between youth and senior performance is stronger when comparing the same discipline or when athletes competed over longer distances in their senior compared to U18 career. Being a successful youth athlete may represent a small advantage for future success, however, it does not guarantee advancement to the senior top level.

Frequency and performance relevance of parent-coaches in competition-oriented sports

The occurrence of children being coached by their parents in the world of sport is a well-known phenomenon, but one that remains insufficiently researched. It is rather unclear how common this is and there are very different assessments of whether it is more of an advantage or a disadvantage to be trained by one’s own parents. In the first study, we assess the frequency of occurrence of parent-coaches as well as the duration of these collaborations and their developmental location in the lives of the offspring. Results from a cross-sport survey and a soccer-specific survey indicate that a notable proportion of performance-oriented male and female senior athletes (19 and 34%, respectively) have been coached by their own parents at some point (χ2 [1, N = 291] = 7.770, p = 0.005, V = 0.163). In the second study, we address the question of the relevance of parent-coaches to athletic achievement. In this regard, the hypothesis that the proportion of male soccer players who were coached by their parents is larger in higher-ranking amateur leagues (38%) than in lower-ranking leagues (28 and 14%) was empirically confirmed (χ2 [2, N = 331] = 11.950, p = 0.003, V = 0.190). Thus, it can be assumed that about one fifth of all performance-oriented senior athletes had been coached by their own parents for some time. Moreover, the fact of having been trained by one’s own parents can in principle be regarded as a conducive condition for the athletic development of adolescents.

Annual Volume and Distribution of Physical Training in Norwegian Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes: A Comparison Between Sports, Competition Levels, and Age Categories-The FENDURA Project.

To describe and compare the annual physical training characteristics between Norwegian female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes across competition levels and age categories. Daily training sessions for 1year were recorded for 45 XC skiers and 26 biathletes, comprising international/national team (inter[national]) and nonnational/regional team members (nonnational) of both junior and senior age. Endurance, strength, flexibility, speed, and power training sessions were recorded. Data included exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. The total annual physical training volume consisted of ∼90% endurance training for both groups, although XC skiers had significantly higher total volumes (∼10%; P = .003; d = 0.78) than biathletes. Senior XC skiers performed more training hours of skiing and/or roller skiing compared with biathletes over the season. However, biathletes compensated for this lower volume by more skating and a higher proportion of endurance training as skiing (81% [17%]) compared with XC skiers (68% [16%]; P < .001; d = 0.94). Overall, (inter)national-level athletes completed a higher annual training volume than non-national-level athletes (740 [90]h vs 649 [95]h; P = .004;d = 0.81). Although juniors reported less endurance volume than seniors, they maintained a relatively stable level of endurance training across the preparatory and competition period, unlike senior athletes. The higher annual physical training volume by XC skiers compared with biathletes is likely caused by the different demands of the 2 sports; XC skiing necessitates training for 2 skiing styles, while biathlon requires additional shooting practice. However, biathletes compensate with a higher proportion of ski training, particularly in the skating technique.

Is There a Relative Age Effect among the Most Successful Track and Field Athletes?

The prevalence of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) was studied among medalists from the World Athletics Championships at U18, U20 and Senior age groups and from the Olympic Games from 2000 to 2022. The specific events examined were the 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, and 3000/5000 m, the long jump, the triple jump, the high jump and the pole vault. Dates of birth from 1,858 outdoor track and field athletes were analysed and further divided into four groups according to the quartile of birth. The RAE was found to be widespread among athletes of both sexes in U18 and U20 age groups in all examined disciplines. There was no difference between the most successful U18 and U20 athletes (p = 0.52). Among senior athletes of both sexes, this effect was not detected and the number of "late-born" athletes in this age group was higher than athletes born in the first three quarters. The prevalence of the RAE across the four groups of events was found in U18 and U20 age groups. Additionally, within each age group, the difference among events was statistically significant. In most successful track and field athletes, the RAE is only significant in U18 and U20 age groups. In senior athletes, the number of "late-born" athletes is significant while RAE disappears. These data may be considered when assessing the athletic potential of an individual athlete.

Management in Sport Climbing

Sports management in Indonesia is faced with a lack of adequate attention and investment in sports development. The budget allocated for sports development is still limited, including in terms of coaching athletes and improving sports facilities. This can make it difficult to achieve excellence in national competitions and develop the potential of high-achieving athletes. The Rock-Climbing Federation (FPTI) PENGCAB Jember district is experiencing quite serious problems in organizational management. This is evidenced by several elements of management that are not fulfilled, such as limited funds, multiple jobs in management, senior athletes changing residence, inadequate facilities and infrastructure. The aim of this research is to examine the management functions within FPTI PENGCAB Jember district as follows: Planning, Organizing, Mobilizing and Controlling. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The research objects in this study are organizational administrators, coaches and athletes. The data analysis process uses data triangulation 1) data reduction, 2) data presentation, and 3) drawing conclusions. Research findings include: 1) Management planning (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely clear who, what, when, where and how to do it; 2) Organization and management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely comprehensive management, work mechanisms, no written job descriptions, and routine activities discussed at the beginning of the year; 3) Driving, management (FPTI) meets the categorization criteria, namely complete management, work mechanisms, and there are routine activities. The research conclusions show that: (1) Planning: management of the Indonesian rock-climbing federation is very good; (2) Organization: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good; and (3) Actuating: the management of the Indonesian rock-climbing sports federation is quite good. (4) Control: The Indonesian Rock-Climbing Sports Association is running quite well. Keywords: Sport Climbing, Sports management, Indonesian rock-climbing

Prospective and Retrospective Analysis of the Sporting Success of Elite Spanish High and Long Jumpers.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the sporting progression from U14 to senior categories of elite Spanish high and long jumpers. For prospective analysis, 300 athletes ranked top 20 at U14 were analyzed (153 female and 147 male). For retrospective analysis, 64 athletes ranked in the top 20 in the senior category were included (21 female and 43 male). Ranking positions were registered in each of the seasons where they presented records. Only 6.3% (19) of athletes who reached the top 20 at U14 became successful senior athletes [4.7% (14) of athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to senior]. The transition rate from U14 to U16 (35.7%) was the most severe drop down in consecutive categories (after this, it ranged from 47.8 to 66.7%). Of the senior top 20 athletes (64), most of them were already ranked top 20 at U16 (59.4%, 38), at U18 (62.5%, 40), at U20 (70.3%, 45) and at U23 (78.1%, 50). Nevertheless, only 34.4% (22) were top 20 when they were U14 athletes. Transition rates in the top 20 senior athletes ranged from 86.7 to 95.5%. Around one out of four (26.6%, 17) of the top 20 senior athletes maintained top 20 status throughout their sporting careers from U14 to the senior category. Although early success is not a good predictor of senior success, successful senior athletes excelled early on and were able to remain in top rankings throughout their sporting careers of national elite jumpers.

‘They’ve just never been involved in it’: what senior athletes think about older people who do not participate in sport

ABSTRACT To date, despite the many recognised benefits of participation in sport, many older people do not participate in it. This study explored the opinions about barriers to participating in sport among non-active older people from the perspective of 463 senior athletes (M = 61.4, SD = 5.5 years) engaged in competitive sports. Participants completed a questionnaire including an incomplete sentence regarding the reason why many older people do not play sports. We analysed their answers using content analysis and performed bivariate analyses to determine possible associations with the sociodemographic and participatory characteristics of the sample. The results highlighted a range of perceived barriers which mostly related to past and present opportunities, and contained significant variations according to age, country of residence, and years participating in sports. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the way in which senior athletes perceive the barriers for the initiation of non-active older people in sports participation which could inform potential measures to promote greater participation in sport as a meaningful leisure activity among this age group.

Effectiveness of Technical Skills Attacking Senior Athlete Kyourugi at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championship in Baku, Azerbaijan

Abstract&#x0D; Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the level of effectiveness of attack techniques used by senior athletes Kyourugi at the 2023 World Taekwondo Championship in Baku, Azerbaijan. As for the participants in this study, 32 Kyurugi athletes consisted of 16 male and 16 female athlete with the criteria of all athlets entering the final in each competitive class. Method: The data collection uses quantitative descriptives by observing the video of the game in the final. Results: The results of the effective kick used in competition by senior Taekwondo athletes male and female based on the top 6 rankings are Peta Chagi male Kyourugi athlete of 49.5%, and female Kyourugi athlete of 69.9%, Dollyo Chagi male Kyourugi athlete of 33.7% and the female Kyourugi athlete of 31.5%, Ceking Yeop Chagi male Kyourugi athlete of 22.3%, and the Female Kyourugi athlete of 18.1%, punch (Jireugi) male Kyourugi athlete of 10.6%, and female Kyourugi Athlete of 5.6%, Pyojeuk Chagi male Kyourugi athlete of 8.2% and female Kyourugi athlete of 2.6% and Deol Chagi male Kyourugi athlete of 6.7% and female Kyourugi athlete of 8.4%. Novelty: The most effective taekwondo kicking techniques used by senior Kyourugi athlete male and femaler to attack during competition are the Peta Chagi kicking, and the punch techniqu (Jireugi).

Plyometric Jump Training Exercise Optimization for Maximizing Human Performance: A Systematic Scoping Review and Identification of Gaps in the Existing Literature.

Plyometric jump training (PJT) encompasses a range of different exercises that may offer advantages over other training methods to improve human physical capabilities (HPC). However, no systematic scoping review has analyzed either the role of the type of PJT exercise as an independent prescription variable or the gaps in the literature regarding PJT exercises to maximize HPC. This systematic scoping review aims to summarize the published scientific literature and its gaps related to HPC adaptations (e.g., jumping) to PJT, focusing on the role of the type of PJT exercise as an independent prescription variable. Computerized literature searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS electronic databases. Design (PICOS) framework: (P) Healthy participants of any age, sex, fitness level, or sports background; (I) Chronic interventions exclusively using any form of PJT exercise type (e.g., vertical, unilateral). Multimodal interventions (e.g., PJT + heavy load resistance training) will be considered only if studies included two experimental groups under the same multimodal intervention, with the only difference between groups being the type of PJT exercise. (C) Comparators include PJT exercises with different modes (e.g., vertical vs. horizontal; vertical vs. horizontal combined with vertical); (O) Considered outcomes (but not limited to): physiological, biomechanical, biochemical, psychological, performance-related outcomes/adaptations, or data on injury risk (from prevention-focused studies); (S) Single- or multi-arm, randomized (parallel, crossover, cluster, other) or non-randomized. Through database searching, 10,546 records were initially identified, and 69 studies (154 study groups) were included in the qualitative synthesis. The DJ (counter, bounce, weighted, and modified) was the most studied type of jump, included in 43 study groups, followed by the CMJ (standard CMJ or modified) in 19 study groups, and the SJ (standard SJ or modified) in 17 study groups. Strength and vertical jump were the most analyzed HPC outcomes in 38 and 54 studies, respectively. The effects of vertical PJT versus horizontal PJT on different HPC were compared in 21 studies. The effects of bounce DJ versus counter DJ (or DJ from different box heights) on different HPC were compared in 26 studies. Although 69 studies analyzed the effects of PJT exercise type on different HPC, several gaps were identified in the literature. Indeed, the potential effect of the PJT exercise type on a considerable number of HPC outcomes (e.g., aerobic capacity, flexibility, asymmetries) are virtually unexplored. Future studies are needed, including greater number of participants, particularly in groups of females, senior athletes, and youths according to maturity. Moreover, long-term (e.g., >12 weeks) PJT interventions are needed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOWER-BODY MAXIMUM STRENGTH AND SWIM START PERFORMANCE IN YOUTH ELITE SWIMMERS

Swimmers reach the highest accelerations during starts. These are initiated by a high amount of force produced by the lower limbs in a short amount of time. It is established in senior athletes that there is a relationship between lower-body maximum strength and swim start performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lower-body maximum strength and swim start performance up to 5 and 15 m in elite youth swimmers. Twenty-two (10 females, 12 males) well-trained adolescent swimmers executed a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat test, a counter movement jump (CMJ), a squat jump (SJ) test, and two trials of a swim start following a freestyle sprint up to 15 m. Bivariate Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the relationship between strength and jumping performance and start performances up to 5 and 15 m. The level of significance was set at p &lt; .05. Strength and jumping performance explained 55–73% of the variance in start performance up to 5 and 15 m. Strong correlations were found between resulting forces on the block and times to 5 and 15 m as well as between 1RM back squat test, CMJ, and SJ and times to 5 and 15 m (all between r = –.75 and r = –.86; p &lt; .01). This study demonstrates that strength parameters of the lower limbs affect jumping performance off the block in swimming. Therefore, these parameters are usable predictor variables in assessing start performance up to 5 and 15 m in swimmers.

A Study on Negative Human Rights-Related Experiences of Female College Student Athletes in South Korea

The purpose of this study is to describe negative experiences related to human rights among female college student athletes in South Korea. For this purpose, qualitative research methods were used in this study. A total of 10 female college athletes participated in in-depth interviews, and the interview was conducted from March 1 to September 1, 2021. The main research results are as follows. First of all, most female college athletes who participated in the interview revealed that they had experienced physical or psychological harassment and abuse since elementary school. Second, female college student athletes experienced pressure with respect to their freedom and self-determination. It was found that life as an athlete is controlled by way of limiting the athletes’ right to self-determination including restriction on appearance, being excluded from various college activities and restrictions on socializing due to curfews. Third, participants demonstrated that the perpetrators were senior athletes and coach. Therefore, the study indicated that it is a fact of life at college level that female college athletes have experienced physical and verbal violence in sport. As such, human rights education and policies are needed to promote the human rights of female college students.

Long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term development of performance, physiological, and training characteristics in a world-class female biathlete, with emphasis on differences between junior and senior athlete seasons. The participant is a highly decorated female biathlete with 22 (10 gold) medals from international championships and 28 individual World Cup wins. Performance development (ages 17-33), physiological tests (ages 22-33), and day-to-day physical and shooting training (ages 17-33) were analyzed. Training data were systemized by endurance [low-intensity training (LIT), moderate-intensity training (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT)], exercise mode, and strength training. Shooting training recorded for each session included the number of shots fired during rest, LIT, MIT, HIT, or competitions and time spent on dry fire training. The annual volume of physical training (409-792 h·season-1) and number of shots fired (1,163-17,328 shots·season-1) increased from the age of 17 to 28 followed by a subsequent reduction in physical training (range 657-763 h·season-1) and shots fired (13,275-15,355 shots·season-1) during the seasons of peak performance at ages 31-33. Maximal oxygen uptake in roller ski skating increased by 10% (62.9-69.2 ml·kg-1·min-1) from the age of 22 to 27. The physical training volume was 48% higher (694 ± 60 vs. 468 ± 23 h·season-1, P = .030), with 175% more shots fired (14,537 ± 1,109 vs. 5,295 ± 3,425 shots·season-1, P = .016) as a senior athlete than a junior athlete. In the physical training, these differences were mainly explained by higher volumes of LIT (602 ± 56 vs. 392 ± 22 h·season-1, P = .032) and MIT (34 ± 1 vs. 7 ± 2 h·season-1, P = .001) but less HIT (27 ± 1 vs. 42 ± 3 h·season-1, P = .006) as a senior than a junior. In line with this, shooting training as a senior included more shots fired both at rest (5,035 ± 321 vs. 1,197 ± 518 shots·season-1, P = .011) and during LIT (7,440 ± 619 vs. 2,663 ± 1,975 shots·season-1, P = .031), while a smaller insignificant difference was observed in the number of shots fired in connection with MIT, HIT, and competitions (2,061 ± 174 vs. 1,435 ± 893 shots·season-1, P = .149). This study provides unique insights into the long-term development of physical and shooting training from junior to senior in a world-class female biathlete. The major differences in training characteristics between junior and senior athlete seasons were higher sport-specific volumes of LIT and MIT and less HIT. These differences were accompanied by more shooting training, particularly at rest, and in connection with LIT.