Semi-urban Regions Research Articles

Survey on general awareness, mental state and academic difficulties among students due to COVID-19 outbreak in the western regions of Uganda

This academic research is carried out to access the general awareness, mental state and academic difficulties among different age groups of students studying in various schools, colleges, or Universities during this lockdown period due to the COVID-19 crisis in the western regions of Uganda. An aggregate of 405 students participated in this survey. Among them 253 students are from rural regions, 59 students are from semi-urban regions and 93 students are from urban regions. This survey is classified into three sections: the first section spotlights the perceptive level of students about the COVID-19 crisis, the second section emphasizes the mental state of students and the final section highlights the academic difficulties faced by the students during this lockdown period. A statistical run is deliberated with the aid of SPSS version 20 software to evaluate the significance level (P-Value<0.05) of each question among the localities.

ROP examination of premature babies at an eye hospital referred from urban and semi-urban NICUs.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is seen in low gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) babies leading to retinal vascular damage. Screening of preterm would help in early identification of this, sight-threatening disease. Multiple factors play an important role in planning screening strategies for these preterm. The objective of this study was done to find the differences and the reasons affecting the proportion of ROP distribution between urban and semi-urban regions in North India. In this retrospective, comparative study, all babies referred for ROP examination by paediatricians or other general ophthalmologists between 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and treatment related findings were recorded. Five hundred and fifty eight babies (467: urban and 91: semi urban) were examined for ROP. The mean BW in urban and semi-urban settings was 1348.6 ± 395.21 gm and 1703.77 ± 401.76 gm respectively. The mean GA was 30.99 ± 2.93 weeks and 30.73 ± 2.08 weeks in the urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively. The average time for first ophthalmic examination following birth was 23.82 ± 13.69 (range: 3-77) days in urban and 101.16 ± 238.26 (range: 13- 330) days in semi-urban settings. 94% of the babies completed all screening examination visits. Any ROP was identified in 12% and 33.0% of urban and semi-urban cohorts respectively; Type 1 was detected in 7.5% of urban babies and 24% of semi-urban babies. Proportion of ROP in the urban region was 3 times lesser than the semiurban region. Differences in proportion of babies developing any ROP and Type 1 ROP between semi-urban and urban groups is likely due to selection bias, as a high proportion of semi-urban babies did not attend for examination or failed to complete all the examinations necessary. This was particularly true for females. More needs to be done to increase access to regular, systematic screening of preterm babies within neonatal units.

A Cross Sectional Study on Assessment of Stress among Auto- rickshaw Drivers in Urban Areas of Raichur

Introduction: Auto rickshaw is one of the main mode of public transport in the urban and semi urbanregions. Auto rickshaw drivers may suffer from some kind of stress due to following reasons like finance,driving, health related issues, family issues, marital issues etc., all this may pose risk to the driver andfellow passengers. Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the stress and its associationwith various factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban areas of Raichur.Different auto-rickshaw stands were randomly selected from different parts of the city. 206 auto-rickshawdrivers were selected by simple random sampling technique. The present study was carried out from Aprilto July 2019. Stress was assessed using perceived stress scale technique. Data was analysed using Epi infoV7.0 software. Results: Out of 206 auto-rickshaw drivers, the prevalence of stress among auto-rickshawdrivers was 29.61%, in which majority (17.96%) had moderate stress, followed by 11.65% had mild stress.Stress has highly significant association between age group and years of driving. Conclusion: This studyshows that the majority of risk factors are modifiable and preventable. Hence creating awareness is essential.

Groundwater chemistry, distribution and potential health risk appraisal of nitrate enriched groundwater: A case study from the semi-urban region of South India

In recent years, an elevated concentration of nitrate in groundwater has been a growing problem on a global scale. It directly shows the adverse effects on human health via various intake pathways. Herein, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the nitrate concentration in groundwater and its associated human health risk in various age groups (females, males and children) in the investigated region. For this purposes, thirty groundwater samples were collected and analyzed physico-chemical parameters including nitrate concentration. The results showed that, the concentration of nitrate ranges from 14 to 82 mg/L and about 43.3% of these groundwater samples beyond the safe level of 45 mg/L according to Indian guidelines. The higher nitrate contamination is observed in the vicinity of Sarvepalli and Timmapur villages where groundwater chemistry is majorly influenced by anthropogenic sources. Health risks were assessed through oral/ingestion and dermal contact exposure routes for females, males and children population in the study region. Oral exposure was much higher than dermal contacts. For the non-carcinogenic risk, the HITotal values of groundwater in the investigated region varied from 0.313 to 1.976 (mean of 0.941) for males, 0.370 to 2.336 (mean of 1.112) for females and 0.443 to 2.694 (mean of 1.314) for children. The health risk assessment for nitrate divulged that 60%, 57% and 50% of groundwater samples pose a non-carcinogenic health risk for children, females and males, respectively.

Assessment of performance of telecom service providers using intuitionistic fuzzy grey relational analysis framework (IF-GRA)

Over two decades, telecommunication market has been continuing a huge growth in urban, semi-urban and rural regions of India. Investigating and choosing the desirable cellular mobile telephone service providers (TSPs) based on operative constraint can facilitate to obtain the ideal of TSPs selection. Here, the evaluation commonly encompasses different TSP options under various operational factors; thus, the assessment of TSPs can be considered as a rigorous multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue. This paper initiates a structure for the exploration of the TSPs in the Madhya Pradesh region, India. To do this, a framework associated with grey relational analysis (GRA) on intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) is planned to obtain the performance of various telecom participants. The developed approach is based on the conception of the best and worst solutions. To find the attribute weights, a divergence measure is developed and employed by relative comparisons. Additionally, to show the proficiency and practicality, a selection problem of TSPs options of Madhya Pradesh circle, India is presented within the IFSs context. By employing the developed model, an expert can enlarge tactics to enhance the performance by standard operational factors. Comparison and sensitivity analysis are considered to validate the developed approach in the prioritization of the TSPs options.

Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors in Women Aged 40 Years and Over in a Semi-Urban Region in Turkey: Relationships with Health Beliefs.

In this study, we aimed to determine the breast cancer screening behavior of women and to investigate the relationship between health beliefs and screening behaviors. The study was cross-sectional. It was conducted between April 2017 and June 2017 with 416 women aged ≥40. The Sociodemographic Information Form and the Champion’s Health Belief Model Scale were used to collect data. In the statistical analysis, the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis were used. The rates for participating women performing breast self-examination, having clinical breast examination, and undergoing mammography were 11.8%, 8.9%, and 11.3%, respectively. Perceived susceptibility, seriousness, self-efficacy, benefits, health motivation, and perceived barriers were found to have strong associations with screening behaviors (p < 0.05). In this study, we found that few women performed breast self-examination, had clinical breast examination and mammography. In the present study, women perceived barriers related to both performing breast self-examination and undergoing mammography.

Abstract 366: A Combined Community Health Worker and Text Messaging-based Intervention for Smoking Cessation in India

Background: Home-based Community Health Worker (CHW) led care is a mode of health promotion. We sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a CHW-led smoking cessation intervention, supplemented by text messages in a semi-urban region of India. Methods: We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial (4/2018- 8/2019) in adult smokers residing in the eastern part of India. Participants in the intervention arm were offered CHW-led home visits that were focused on counseling. In addition, participants could choose to receive text messages. Both CHW counseling and test messages were adapted to the participant’s stage of change. The control group received brief education only. Our primary outcome was self-reported smoking cessation at the end of 12 months, verified by exhaled carbon monoxide levels. CHWs were interviewed at the end of the study. Results: A total of 234 (mean age 43±12.3, male 96.2%) participants were enrolled; 151 (64%) in the intervention arm and 83 (35.4%) in the control arm. At 12-months, 30 (19.8%) participants in the intervention arm and 12 (14.4%) in the control arm quit smoking (absolute risk difference=5.4%; OR 1.46, p = 0.71). There was large cluster-level heterogeneity in intervention uptake (figure). Highlights from the CHW interviews are described in the figure. Conclusion: CHW-led home-based counseling, supplemented by regular text messages, led to a slight increase in quit rates, especially among those exposed to a higher dose of the intervention. However, the difference in cessation rates was not statistically significant. Future studies should consider testing mobile application-based multimedia messaging options, as an enhanced supplement to CHW based counseling.

Source apportionment of soil contamination based on multivariate receptor and robust geostatistics in a typical rural–urban area, Wuhan city, middle China

AbstractIn this study topsoil samples were collected from 57 sites of Dongxihu District which is a typical Chinese urban–rural combination area, to analyze the causes and effects of 6 heavy elements. (Ni, Pb, As, Cu, Cd, and Hg) Pollution of Enrichment factor, multivariate statistics, geostatistics were adopted to study the spatial pollution pattern and to identify the priority pollutants and regions of concern and sources of studied metals. Most importantly, the study area was creatively divided into central urban, semi-urbanized, and rural areas in accordance with the characteristics of urban development and land use. The results show that the pollution degree of potential ecological risk assessment is Hg&gt;Ni&gt;Cu&gt;As&gt;Cd&gt;Pb, and semi-urban regions&gt; city center&gt; rural areas. Results based on the proposed integrated source identification method indicated that As was probably sourced from agricultural sources (33.99%), Pb was associated with atmospheric deposition (50.11%), Cu was related to industrial source 1 (45.97%), Cd was mainly derived from industrial source 2 (42.97%) and Hg come mainly from industrial source 3 (56.22%). The pollution in semi-urban areas in urbanization need more attention.

An Alternative Factorization of the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory Associated with the Greek National Curriculum and Its Psychometric Properties

In the current study the Metacognitive Awareness of Reading Strategies Inventory was adapted to the Greek secondary student population and the instrument’s psychometric properties were examined. The inventory was administered to a sample of 632 students, aged 12 - 24, attending all secondary levels, from 68 schools in various urban, semi-urban and rural regions. Exploratory factor analysis was performed. A new factorial structure with only two factors (MARSI-2fGR) emerged. The new structure comprises 26 items divided between the textor subscale, for text-oriented reading strategies, and the textout subscale, for extratextual reading strategies. These two factors were discussed in relation to students’ reading habits associated with the Greek national curriculum. The results shed new light on the way that students read academic or school-related material and provide evidence for the utility of the scale as a valid and reliable tool to assess metacognitive awareness of reading strategies.

Edimiological study on nature of asphyxial death across age range and gender in semi-urban region of Haryana: An exploratory cohort study

This epidemiological study was conducted to differentiate the incidence of suicidal asphyxia death and homicidal asphyxia death in rural Haryana. It was also aimed to estimate the occurrence of asphyxia death across gender-wise and across various age categories. The retrospective study was performed among 226 medico legal cases reported for autopsy during 1st January 2016 to 30th June 2017 at two leading hospitals of Gurgaon, Haryana, using standard examination protocol. Based on descriptive analysis of the data, it was observed that hanging was the predominant mode of asphyxia. Incidence of asphyxia in males were nearly 28% higher than the females. Nonetheless, between 20 to 30 years contributed nearly 50% of the total cases of asphyxia. The findings of this study are alarming and concerning. Adequate sociopersonal and policy level intervention along with the awareness drive on mental health and stress management is warranted.

Levels of physical activity and quality of life among community-dwelling adults with stroke in a developing country

Purpose To estimate the levels of physical activity (PA) in community-dwelling adults with stroke and to correlate it with the quality of life (QoL). Methods In a cross-sectional study, adults with chronic stroke were assessed for PA using Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities (PASIPD) and an accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). QoL was assessed using Stroke Specific Quality of Life (SSQoL). Results PA levels of our participants (n = 33; mean age 58.4 ± 12.1 years; mean FMA score 165.7 ± 31.1) were low with the mean activity of 252.9 ± 149.2 kilo counts per day and median energy expenditure of 77(44.6, 117.7) kilocalories per day. Median step count was 1635 (1084.9, 2434.3) steps per day. Mean time spent in sedentary and light activities were 504.1 ± 139 and 149.8 ± 68.3 minutes per day, respectively. Median time spent in moderate and vigorous activities were 1.6(1, 4.4) and 0(0,0) minutes per day, respectively. Median PASIPD score was 12.3(6.1, 25.8) MET. Hours/day. SSQoL was found to have a positive correlation with average kilo counts/day, kilo calories/day, steps/day and PASIPD (r = 0.48, p = .06; r = 0.46, p = .009; r = 0.44, p = .016; and r = 0.61, p ≤ .001 respectively). Conclusions PA levels of adults with stroke living in the semi-urban region of India are low and do not meet the recommended guidelines.

Factors influencing adherence to home-based exercises among community-dwelling stroke survivors in India: a qualitative study

Purpose To explore the factors influencing adherence to home-based exercises among community-dwelling stroke survivors using Intervention Mapping (IM) approach. Material and methods Qualitative interviews were conducted with ten stroke survivors living in semi-urban regions of India. The data were analysed using Atlas.Ti8 software and categorised using the Social Ecological Model. Results The mean age of the stroke participants was 61 ± 11 years. Key factors such as lack of awareness about stroke recovery and exercises, poor perceived recovery, hopelessness and lack of emphasis on exercises by healthcare professionals led to non-adherence while commitment, continued supervision, supportive family and society facilitated adherence. Some cultural specific factors such as opting for folk medicine over rehabilitation and social stigma were also identified. Conclusions The factors which influenced adherence to home-based exercises in stroke are existent at the individual, interpersonal, organisational and community level. This study can lead to the development of effective interventions for promoting exercise adherence among stroke survivors in low and middle income countries (LMICs).

Dietary risk factors for childhood asthma in a semi-urban area of South India: A cross-sectional study

Background: Although inhaled allergens are more likely to trigger asthma than food allergens, global trends of asthma prevalence emphasize the role of changing dietary habits in modulating the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the dietary risk factors associated with childhood asthma in a semi-urban region of South India. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done at a medical college hospital in South India from October 2016 to January 2017. After obtaining the Ethical Committee approval, children aged 3–15 years attending the pediatric outpatient department were enrolled in the study. Parents were interviewed with a precoded Food Frequency Questionnaire. Details regarding common dietary practices followed at home, frequency of consumption of specific food groups and history of food allergy were obtained. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 500 subjects, 293 (58.6%) children had physician-diagnosed asthma. Duration of breastfeeding was &lt;1 year (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.35–2.99); frequent intake of fast food (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.61–4.52), usage of coloring agents and taste enhancers in cooking (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.53–10.06), and history of allergy to specific foods (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.42–3.45) were found to be independent risk factors for childhood asthma. The absence of fish in the diet was significantly associated with increased risk of asthma (OR 1.50, 1.04–2.15) and non-vegetarians were at lesser risk (OR 0.43, 0.24–0.76) of developing asthma. Conclusion: Prolonged duration of breastfeeding (&gt;1 year), restriction of fast food, and avoidance of food additives decrease the risk of asthma in children. Non-vegetarian diet with the inclusion of fish offers a protective effect against asthma. Early identification and appropriate management of coexisting food allergies in children with asthma are necessary.

Transforming youth mental health care in a semi-urban and rural region of Canada: A service description of ACCESS Open Minds Chatham-Kent.

AimThis study describes how mental health services for youth are being transformed within the context of a semi‐urban and rural region of Canada (Chatham‐Kent, Ontario), based on the framework of ACCESS Open Minds (ACCESS OM), a pan‐Canadian youth mental health research and evaluation network.MethodsTransformation has focused on the five key objectives of ACCESS OM, namely early identification, rapid access, appropriate care, continuity of care, and youth and family engagement. A community mapping process was conducted at the beginning of the transformation to help develop a comprehensive inventory of services, identify challenges and optimize partnerships to address the five key objectives.ResultsThe following strategies represent key elements in the transformation: coordination and partnerships between hospital, community and voluntary organizations, as well as different sectors of the community (e.g., Child and Youth Services, Education, Community Safety and Correctional Services, CSCS); working with local champions (e.g., Youth Diversion Officer and the Mental Health and Addictions Nurse in the school sectors); establishing a youth‐friendly space in a central part of the community, where services are co‐located and operate within an open‐concept design; training of ACCESS Clinicians to conduct an initial assessment; engaging youth and family in service‐level recruitment, planning, daily operations, and evaluation, including hiring of youth and family peer navigators; and, engaging the community through awareness and educational events.ConclusionsThe success of this transformation needs to be measured on various outcome parameters, but it is notable that neighbouring communities are already beginning to implement a similar model.

Financial Inclusion of Women in Business through Microenterprises

There is a significant gender gap in inheritance, and fewer women have the assets necessary to get a loan with collateral. A woman may not be able to visit a traditional lender because of cultural barriers such as the gender pay gap in the home, fear of physical harm, or a lack of transportation options. To ensure that all Indian citizens have access to basic financial services, the government of India introduced the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in 2014. The program's goal is to provide those who are "financially excluded" access to services such savings accounts, loans depending on need, a remittances facilities, insurance, and retirement plans. Since then, more than 460 million bank accounts, 67% of which are in rural and semi-urban regions, and 56% of which are held by women, have been established, according to statistics from the Ministry of Finance. Yet, in India, approximately 20% of women still do not have their own bank account. Those who do have bank accounts often don't utilize them consistently and still can't get their hands on the savings and credit they need.&#x0D; "financial inclusión is the procedure of guaranteeing access to banking services and promptly providing sufficient credit when it is needed by disadvantaged groups including such backward classes and reduced groups at an affordable price," the Reserve Bank of India said in its National Strategy Financial Inclusion (2019-2024). While financial inclusion is seen as a vital driver of economic development and poverty reduction, it is important that these gaps be closed. It guarantees that everyone, wherever can get competent, inexpensive, and accountable financial services.

Différences en matière de santé mentale selon le statut de minorité sexuelle

Objectives Individuals with sexual minority identities (e.g., identities other than heterosexual such as gay, lesbian bisexual or mostly heterosexual) are at increased risk for a number of negative health outcomes compared to individuals who identify as heterosexuals. The majority of existing Canadian population-based studies on this topic, however, were conducted prior to major cultural and legal changes with regards to sexual minority population. Furthermore, much of the more recent work focuses on adolescents or identifies mental health outcomes among urban populations. The goal of the current study was to assess if sexual minority-based health disparities were observed within a population-based sample of adult men and women from Estrie, a semi-urban administrative region of Quebec. Method In 2014-15, an independent firm surveyed a random sample of adults in Estrie, Quebec. A total of 10,687 individuals completed telephone surveys about their mental health (psychological distress, depression, alcohol use and drug consumption) and their sexual identities (i.e., heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual or mostly heterosexual). Analyses were performed separately for men and women. Results Significant differences, specifically with regards to distress and cannabis use were observed across sexual minority status. Specifically, bisexual and mostly heterosexual participants reported poorer mental health outcomes compared with heterosexual participants. The majority of differences observed, however, were explained by variation in demographic variables (age, education, revenue and visible minority status). Conclusion These findings suggest the importance of demographic factors with regards to understanding vulnerability to mental health outcomes among sexual minority adults. Furthermore, the specific vulnerabilities experienced by mostly heterosexual and bisexual participants need to be taken into consideration by mental health professionals.

Life Satisfaction, and Anxiety Levels among University Students

University or College years seem to be a stressful time for students due to many challenges: academic, personal adjustment to a new life, and socially building new friendships. Life satisfaction is considered one of the basic components of psychological well-being. Studies have supported that lower levels of life satisfaction have been related to high levels of anxiety. Also the constructs of assertiveness and empathy seem to be related with life satisfaction. The present study compares 1st and 4th-year undergraduate students in relation to variables such as life satisfaction (The Life Satisfaction Index), stress, (STAI) assertiveness (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule) and empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)). The participants were in total 410, 1st year (N = 205) and 4th year (N = 205) undergraduate students. All findings are discussed in detail; some main results showed that: 1) Independently of sex students had similar anxiety levels; life satisfaction was significantly higher among those with low state anxiety but not with low trait anxiety; 2) Trait anxiety score analysis revealed nonsignificant results; 3) Young women are more life satisfied compared to young men among 1st year students; 4) The percent of students with high life satisfaction is significantly higher among those that grew up in urban and semi-urban regions compared to those that grew up in other regions. The findings of the present study emphasize the need to explore ways to help undergraduate students to adjust during their academic years and life at the University.

FOSTER PARENT’S MOTIVATIONS REGARDING FOSTER CARE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM SOUTH INDIA

Institutionalized children’s foster care is getting more momentum in India recently. Perceptions and motivations regarding foster care among foster parents are an area unexplored and the current study is indeed an attempt to look into it. Initial assessment of the sample population was done at home and their socio-demographic data was collected. After taking informed consent, the participants were given an open ended question, what motivated you to apply for foster care? to answer in detail in writing. Qualitative content analysis, a process designed to condense raw data into categories or themes based on valid inference and interpretation was used to analyse the data. The sample population consisted of 36 foster parents. The mean age of husband was 51.66 ± 6.58, mean age of wife was 44.83 ± 5.64 and average number of children in the family was 1.58 ± 1.02. Analysis of sociodemographic variables showed that out of 36 foster parents, 21 was belonging to Hindu religion, 8 belonging to Islamic religion and 7 belonging to Christian religion. Most of them belongs to upper middle class and resides in semi urban regions of Kozhikode district. The major motivational themes came out in the qualitative interview were altruism, deprivation, social response, sympathy, empathy, religious beliefs, prestige of the family and a way of meeting parental needs. The present study explored motivations regarding foster care among foster parents. The study found altruism as the most important factor motivating foster care among studied population. Further researches are needed to understand how different motivations affect the quality and continuity of foster care in the Indian context, so that an ideal foster assessment can be made by the concerned authority before entrusting the care of a child to the foster parent.

Road traffic accidents in Polonnaruwa District: analysis of patients admitted to a surgical unit

Introduction: Mortality and morbidity due to Road Traffic Accidents (RTA) is a major problem in Sri Lanka. Death toll in 2017 was 3101 and there were 8144 critical accidents. Motor cycle has been the commonest vehicle type involved. Objective: To describe the injuries and identify causes of injury in RTAs presented to a general hospital in a semi urban region in Sri Lanka. Method: We prospectively analyzed all the patients admitted with a history of RTA to a surgical unit at District General Hospi­tal Polonnaruwa, in North Central Province of Sri Lanka from 01/02/2017 for a 3 months period. Results: There were 199 patients in the sample with 146 (74%) being male. 118(59%) were drivers/riders, 70(35%) pas­sengers and 11(06%) pedestrians. Commonest vehicle involved was motor cycle 152(78%).Commonest body area involved was limbs 126(67%) followed by head 89(48%) and face 57(31%). 22 of 84 driver patients (30%) did not have a valid driving license and 26(22%) of 126 driver/pillion rider of motorcycles had not been wearing a helmet at the time. There was evidence for alcohol involvement in 37(18.6%) injured patients. Conclusion:The findings indicate many of the injuries due to RTAs are preventable by taking appropriate action.

Difference in Stroke Knowledge between Rural and Urban Communities in a Developing Country after Community-Based Stroke Educational Campaigns: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in Mexico. Poor ability to identify signs and symptoms of ischemic stroke leads to longer hospital arrival times and precludes prompt treatment. The knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs in rural population is scarce. Since 2010, Stroke Education Campaigns are performed with a community-based approach. The aim of this study was to assess and compare stroke knowledge in rural and urban communities. Methods: During World Stroke Campaign, a standardized questionnaire to assess knowledge of stroke risk factors and warning signs was applied in urban and non-urban communities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Results: A total of 4,144 surveys were collected. Mean age was 44.2 ± 16.1 and 75.9% were women. People from rural and semi-urban areas mentioned > 3 risk factors (p < 0.001) and warning signs (p < 0.001) compared to the urban area. After logistic regression analysis, having received previous information about stroke remained significant for the knowledge of > 3 stroke risk factors and warning signs (p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.997–2.727; p < 0.001; 95% CI 1.880–3.787) respectively. Conclusions: Rural and semi-urban regions performed better than the urban population. Receiving stroke information is a determinant factor for stroke knowledge. Stroke Educational Campaigns are a cost-effective method for raising stroke awareness, thus reducing stroke burden.