Semiarid Region Of Pernambuco Research Articles

Combining silicon, organic matter, and Trichoderma harzianum to mitigate salt stress in forage sorghum

Salt stress is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth worldwide, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where excessive groundwater use in irrigation leads to high salt concentrations. To address this issue, this study investigated the efficacy of silicon, either alone or in combination with Trichoderma harzianum and organic matter, in mitigating salt stress in forage sorghum. The experiment took place in a saline Fluvisol in Parnamirim, a semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, and followed a randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates: sorghum (control); sorghum + Si; sorghum + Si + OM (organic matter); sorghum + Si + T (T. harzianum); and sorghum + Si + T + OM. Sorghum plants were assessed over three cycles (initial cut and two regrowths) from June 2021 to April 2022. The combined treatments of Si + OM, Si + T, and Si + T + OM increased plant growth by 42.17, 35.49, and 27.51%, respectively, compared to the control. Similarly, these treatments led to biomass accumulation gains of 39.42, 40.44, and 31.77% in sorghum plants relative to the control. Silicon alone did not yield significant growth or biomass accumulation improvements. The application of silicon in conjunction with T. harzianum and/or organic matter shows promise in enhancing forage sorghum growth under saline stress conditions in semiarid regions.

Influences of plant organ, genotype, and cultivation site on the endophytic bacteriome of maize (Zea mays L.) in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil.

Endophytic bacteria play a crucial role in plant development and adaptation, and the knowledge of how endophytic bacteria assemblage is influenced by cultivation site and plant genotype is an important step to achieve microbiome manipulation. This work aimed to study the roots and stems of endophytic bacteriome of four maize genotypes cultivated in two regions of the semi-arid region of Pernambuco - Brazil. Our hypothesis is that the endophytic community assemblage will be influenced by plant genotypes and cultivation region. Metabarcoding sequencing data revealed significant differences in alfa diversity in function of both factors, genotypes, and maize organs. Beta diversity analysis showed that the bacterial communities differ mainly in function of the plant organ. The most abundant genera found in the samples were Leifsonia, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium. To understand ecological interactions within each compartment, we constructed co-occurrence network for each organ. This analysis revealed important differences in network structure and complexity and suggested that Leifsonia (the main genera found) had distinct ecological roles depending on the plant organ. Our data showed that root endophytic maize bacteria would be influenced by cultivation site, but not by genotype. We believe that, collectively, our data not only characterize the bacteriome associated with this plant and how different factors shape it, but also increase the knowledge to select potential bacteria for bioinoculant production.

Temporal Analysis of Water Quality for the Nilo Coelho Reservoir, Terra Nova, Pernambuco, Brazil

The Brazilian northeast has a characteristic relationship with water resources because, in this region, water scarcity is associated with natural factors and accentuated by anthropic actions that interfere with water quality. The present work aimed to perform a temporal analysis of the water quality of the Nilo Coelho reservoir, municipality of Terra Nova, a semi-arid region of Pernambuco. Initially, the parameters of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and phosphorus, available in the system of hydrological response units for Pernambuco (SUPer), following the resolution of the National Environment Council (CONAMA), for the years 1963–2021, were analyzed. Subsequently, land use and occupation mapping were carried out to identify the activities that developed in the region. The result of the analysis of water quality for the Nilo Coelho reservoir classifies it as little compromised, since the parameters are within acceptable limits, with greater variations for phosphorus. Regarding the use and occupation of the soil, there was an increase in water availability and agricultural areas, with a reduction in the caatinga. Continuous monitoring of water quality in the reservoir is recommended, in addition to the application of SUPer and land use and occupation maps as tools for the management of water resources.

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover through Physical–Hydraulic Indices: Insights in the São Francisco River Transboundary Region, Brazilian Semiarid Area

This article presents a study on the spatiotemporal dynamics of land cover and use, vegetation indices, and water content in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. This study is based on an analysis of satellite images from the years 2016, 2018, and 2019 using the MapBiomas platform. The results show changes in the predominant land cover classes over time, with an increase in the caatinga area and a decrease in the pasture area. An analysis of the vegetation indices (NDVI and LAI) indicated low vegetation cover and biomass in the study area, with a slight increase in the NDVI in 2018. An analysis of the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) showed that the water content in the study area was generally low, with no significant variations over time. An increase in the water bodies, mainly due to the construction of a reservoir, was noted. The results of this study have provided important information for natural resource management in the region, including the development of strategies for the sustainable use and management of natural resources, particularly water resources, vegetation cover, and soil conservation.

Climate Change and Climate Refugees: An Analysis of the Moxotó River Basin in Pernambuco's Semiarid Region

As environmental events, of natural or human origin, people are forced to leave their place of origin. In the semiarid region of the Northeast, this is not recent event, in the colonial period, in the State of Ceará, around 55 thousand people were forced to migrate, being a place more effected by the Great Drought. This variation and temporal availability of water availabity in the Moxoto basian and its relationship with the populations of the municipalities and their possible displacements related to climate change. To this end, an analysis of the water balance of the Moxotó basin, mostly belomgig to the semiarid region of Pernambuco, was carried out through the System of Hydrological. Response Units for Pernambuco (SUPer). The necessary results that it is extremely difficult to study regarding climate refugees due to the lack of scientific data. The great importance of studying this theme is known, so parallel information can be useful to understand the dimension of environmental refugees. In this sense, the Hydrologica Response Units System is placed as an important tool to diagnose possible displacement of people due to extreme events of drought and water availability. Mudanças climáticas e refugiados climáticos: Uma análise da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Moxotó no semiárido pernambucano ResumoEm decorrência de eventos climáticos e ambientais, de origem natural ou humana, as pessoas são forçadas a deixar seu local de origem. No semiárido do Nordeste isso não é um evento recente, no período colonial, no Estado do Ceará, cerca de 55 mil pessoas foram forçadas a migrar, sendo um local mais afetado pela Grande Seca. Essa variação no clima tem se intensificado em nível global, atingindo o nordeste brasileiro. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a variação espacial e temporal da disponibilidade hídrica na bacia do Moxoto e sua relação com as populações dos municípios envolvidos e seus possíveis deslocamentos relacionados as mudanças climáticas. Para tal, foi feita uma análise do balanço hídrico da bacia do Moxotó, pertencente, em sua maior parte, ao semiárido pernambucano, através do Sistema de Unidades de Resposta Hidrológica para Pernambuco (SUPer). Os resultados mostraram que é extremamente difícil estudar a respeito dos refugiados climáticos, devido à ausência de dados científicos. Sabe-se da grande importância de estudar essa temática, assim informações paralelas podem ser uteis para compreender a dimensão dos refugiados ambientais. Nesse sentido coloca-se o Sistema de Unidades de Respostas hidrológicas, como uma ferramenta importante para diagnosticar possíveis deslocamento de pessoas em função de eventos extremos de seca e disponibilidade hídrica.Palavras-chave: Semiárido, Refugiados Climáticos, Variação Climática.

Use of geotechnologies for morphometric analysis of experimental basin in the semiarid region to support hydrological simulation

The morphometric characteristics help to regulate the hydrological processes of a basin. The understanding of these characteristics is essential for an adequate planning of water resources. The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity of the hydrological simulation to different pixel thresholds for the generation of the drainage network and to perform a detailed morphometric characterization of the sub-basin upstream of a fluviometric section (SBSF) installed in the experimental basin of the Jatobá stream, semiarid region of Pernambuco. The following thresholds were considered: 264, 132, 66, 55 and 44 pixels, corresponding to scenarios 1 to 5, respectively. The morphometric analyses were performed through hydrological modeling and the use of mathematical equations, where 25 morphometric indices were evaluated. The results indicated that scenarios 3, 4 and 5 adequately represented the hydrological processes. The physical parameters indicate that the basin has an elongated shape, with a low tendency for flood peaks under normal conditions of climatic events. Although the SBSF presents a low average slope, it was verified the existence of regions with high slopes, favoring the surface runoff, which requires the adoption of conservationist practices and the maintenance of native vegetation.

Mucor septatiphorus nom. nov. and other Mucor species recorded from the Brazilian upland forest

During a survey of mucoralean diversity in three different fragments of upland forest located in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, 14 species of Mucor were recorded; twelve of them reported for the first time from upland forest areas. We propose a replacement name for Mucor septatus nom. illeg. and present detailed descriptions and illustrations of the specimens isolated.

Application of satellite imagery to update depth-area-volume relationships in reservoirs in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil

ABSTRACT Reservoirs are the primary source of water supply in the semiarid region of Pernambuco state, Brazil, because of the constant water scarcity affecting this region. Knowledge of the amount of water available is essential for the effective management of water resources. The volume of water stored in the reservoirs is calculated using the depth-area-volume relationship. However, in most reservoirs in the semiarid region, this relationship is currently out of date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the potential and limitations of the application of the ISODATA unsupervised classification method to calculate the depth-area-volume relationships of reservoirs in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The application of the ISODATA method was evaluated in three reservoirs in the state of Pernambuco, i.e., Poço da Cruz, Barra do Juá, and Jucazinho. The results were compared with the updated curves of reservoirs obtained from bathymetry and recent LiDAR surveys. The ISODATA method presented satisfactory results for the three reservoirs analyzed. The mean absolute error of the volume in Poço da Cruz and Barra do Juá was lower than 1% of the maximum capacity. The use of the ISODATA method meant that the surface area underestimation tendency in the Poço da Cruz reservoir was less than when spectral indices were used.

Deficiência de cobre em cabras leiteiras e cabritos

ABSTRACT: The clinical, pathological and reproductive aspects of an outbreak of copper deficiency in dairy goats and kids from the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil are described. Ten adult dairy goats with clinical signs of deficiency and four kids presenting enzootic ataxia born from copper deficient does were separated from the herd, and examined. In the dairy goats, the average serum concentration of copper was 6.1±2.8mmol/L and iron was 39.5±8.2mmol/L. In kids, the average serum concentration of copper was 3.8±0.9mmol/L and iron was 38.5±4.1mmol/L. Clinical signs in dairy goats consisted of pale mucous membranes, anemia, emaciation, diarrhea, achromotrichia, brittle hair and alopecia. The main reproductive alterations consisted of prolonged anestrus, embryonic resorption and high indices of retained placenta. The kids born from copper deficient dairy goats were weak, and presented neonatal or late ataxia until 70 days of life. Six dairy goats and four kids were necropsied. Most ovaries examined were small, firm and did not present viable follicles on their surface. Microscopically, there was reduction of viable follicles in addition to disorganization of follicular and stromal structures, with marked follicular atresia. Microscopically, changes in kids with enzootic ataxia consisted of neuronal chromatolysis and axonal degeneration, mainly in neurons of the spinal cord. In this study, the source of high iron was not identified, but it is known that outbreaks of copper deficiency can occur due to excess iron intake, mainly when adequate mineral supplementation is not provided for the goat herds.

Influences of determined and estimated dendrometric variables on the precision of volumetric modelling

The use of independent variables in volumetric modelling is an important step in fitting models to represent tree or stand characteristics. The DBH measured at 1.3 m from the ground level and total tree height (Ht) are the most commonly used independent variables when modelling individual tree volumes. This work aimed to analyze the importance of independent variables in fitting and selecting volumetric equations. A total of 750 trees from an experiment with three Eucalyptus spp. clones planted in five spacings in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco were used. Four statistical procedures were applied to compare the equations: Adjusted Fit Index (AFI), Akaike information criterion (AIC), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and a completely random design having the real tree volume as control and the fit equations as treatments. The error measuring heights in the field (EH) was also analyzed. Four heights were evaluated: Ht, height estimated in the field (He) and heights adjusted (Ha) from hypsometric relationships using the DBH [Ha (a)] and D<sub>1.7</sub> [Ha (b)], which was the diameter most correlated with the volume. The result indicates that all 18 fitted models provided high precision volumetric equations which do not differ at the 5% significance level.

Behavior of pigs subjected to climate control system in the Semiarid Region of Pernambuco, Brazil

The objective was to thermally characterize the facilities during the growth and finishing phases of pigs and to evaluate the influence of climate control systems on the expression of the behaviors of pigs. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil, during the spring of 2019. Twenty-seven pigs aged 63 days were used. The animals were submitted to pens without climate control system, with forced ventilation, and with an evaporative adiabatic cooling system. Dry bulb temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%), black globe temperature (°C), and swine behavioral responses were recorded, submitted to multivariate analysis, using the principal component technique. Pens with the evaporative adiabatic cooling system showed a significant reduction in air temperature and an increase in relative air humidity, during the two phases. Pigs submitted to evaporative cooling showed greater ingestive activity and lethargic behavior, typical of the studied phases

First occurrence of Backusella gigacellularis (Mucorales, Mucoromycota) in a fragment of an Upland Forest within the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil

Abstract In a survey mucoralean fungi in the Brejo da Serra do Benedito, a fragment of Upland Forest in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, a specimen of Backusella gigacellularis was isolated. So far, B. gigacellularis (holotype) had only been isolated from soil in the Cerrado domain, in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. This is the second report of B. gigacellularis worldwide, and the first record to northeastern Brazil. A detailed description, as well as the illustration of the specimen, are presented.

BIOREMEDIATION OF SALINIZED SOILS BY THE LICHEN CLADONIA SUBSTELLATA FOMENTED BY A NITROGEN SOURCE AND GAMMA RADIATION

Inadequate management of irrigation techniques has caused salinization of soils in the semiarid region of Pernambuco. With this in mind, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the lichen Cladonia substellata , associated with a nitrogen source or gamma radiation, as a possible bioremediator of Fluvic Neosols, salinized by unsupervised irrigation on Assunção Island, Cabrobó County, Pernambuco. Collections of the lichen and soil were carried out to elaborate the experiments, under laboratory conditions. A laboratory control was designed and five treatments, submitted to gamma radiation, or a nitrogen source (urea) at different concentrations, in three sampling groups, in triplicate. Fifteen, transparent glass domes were used, where soil samples (500 g) were placed and lichen thalli (8 g) superimposed. Sample collections were performed every 60 days, for 11 months. Chemical analyses for the quantification of phenolics produced by the lichen and percolated into the soil were developed through spectrophotometry and reaction with FeCl 3 . At the beginning and end of experiments, the chemical fertility of soils from different treatments was evaluated. It was evidenced that gamma radiation causes more effects on the lichen, singly, than in association with urea. Hyperproduction of lichen phenolics, with percolation to the substrate was achieved, which caused chemical modification of the soil, such as an increase of Ca, Mg, P and Na content, as well as pH. It is possible to affirm that C. substellata , in association or not with an exogenous nitrogen source, is capable of, in the short term, chemically altering soils degraded by salinization, increasing the bioavailability of elements essential to plants and soil organisms.

Impacts of land-use changes on soil respiration in the semi-arid region of Brazil

ABSTRACT Soil respiration represents the largest flux of CO2 emission from terrestrial ecosystems, being affected by land-use changes and soil properties. There are few studies investigating the response of soil respiration to land-use changes in the Caatinga biome. This study aimed to measure soil respiration from Caatinga vegetation and degraded pasture, to verify the effect of land-use changes on soil respiration. Measurements of soil respiration were performed using the infrared gas analyzer method over nine months (in rainy and dry seasons), in Caatinga and degraded pasture in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco. The soil moisture, soil temperature, soil organic carbon (SOC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and climatic variables were also measured. Soil organic carbon and NDVI were higher in Caatinga than in degraded pasture, while the inverse occurred with soil temperature. The soil respiration showed a clear seasonal variation, with the highest values occurring in the wet season, being positively correlated with soil moisture and negatively with soil temperature. Soil respiration was significantly higher in the Caatinga (8.0 ton ha-1 yr-1 of C) than in degraded pasture (3.7 ton ha-1 yr-1 of C). These higher values of soil respiration in Caatinga were due to lower soil temperature and higher SOC, and can be seen as indicators of good environmental quality.

CFSR- NCEP Performance for weather data forecasting in the Pernambuco Semiarid, Brazil

The present study aims to evaluate meteorological data -with real time actualization- from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFRS) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), comparing them with data from local stations in two mesoregions: Sertão de Pernambuco (SP) and Sertão do São Francisco (SFF), semi-arid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Statistical performance indicators were used for the period since 1979 to 2014 and the variables: precipitation (P), average, minimum and maximum temperature (Tm, Tn, Tx respectively), relative humidity (HR), wind speed (Vv), solar radiation (RS) and potential evapotranspiration (ETo). Tn, Tm and Tx showed the best results for the determination coefficient (R2), Willmott concordance index (d), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (NSE) and percentage bias (PBIAS). ETo, P and HR obtained acceptable values for R2, d and NSE. CFSR data shows good performance with d values between 0.63 and 0.94.

Spatial-temporal dynamics of Caatinga vegetation cover by remote sensing in the Brazilian semiarid region

The Brazilian semiarid region is marked by water scarcity, which causes the loss of leaves from native vegetation to reduce transpiration. With the reduction of the Caatinga leaf area, the soil becomes more exposed, which makes it a great ally for environmental degradation. This study aimed to monitor and analyze the spatial-temporal dynamics of the Caatinga vegetation by orbital remote sensing in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil, in the rainy and dry season. The study was developed from Landsat-8 satellite images between the years 2013-2018. From the SEBAL algorithm, thematic maps of the biophysical parameters were determined: albedo and surface temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and leaf area index (LAI). The results show that in the dry season, there is a greater aptitude for environmental degradation to occur.

Vulnerabilidade ambiental em áreas de caatingas na unidade de conservação parna do Catimbau, Pernambuco, semiárido brasileiro

O Parque Nacional do Catimbau é uma unidade de conservação integral muito importante na conservação da biodiversidade do bioma Caatinga. Estando situado na região semiárida de Pernambuco, na zona de transição entre o agreste e sertão, o parque comporta excessiva beleza de caatingas, monumentos esculpidos pela ação erosiva dos ventos em rocha arenítica e diversos sítios arqueológicos. Sabendo-se que o Parna do Catimbau constitui áreas de prioridade alta de conservação devido à susceptibilidade a desertificação, essa pesquisa teve como foco avaliar a vulnerabilidade das caatingas presentes nesta unidade de conservação. A metodologia utilizada contou com a aplicação do índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (IVAS), sensoriamento remoto termal e visita em campo que permitiu a análise da espacialização das imagens orbitais, dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 nos anos de 1995, 2006 e 2016. Os resultados mostraram aumento térmico nas áreas de caatingas e impactos ambientais ocasionados pela antropização de suas áreas. A antropização das caatingas no interior do Parna do Catimbau fere a Lei 9.985/00, que institui o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) e define as atribuições de uma unidade de conservação de uso integral. Sendo necessário para essa UC o alinhamento de sua gestão com o SNUC e a implantação de espaços de aprendizagem para disseminação da educação ambiental à população dos municípios que a integram.

Sorption of the Direct Black 22 dye in alluvial soil

The semiarid region of Pernambuco has a large water deficit, leading the population to explore groundwater resources such as alluvial aquifers. The state of Pernambuco also stands out for having the second-largest textile manufacturing center in Brazil. However, the direct discharge of textile effluents from the region's industries has intensified the negative impacts on water conservation and alluvial soils. This work characterized the sorption of Direct Black 22 dye (DB22) in two layers of alluvial soil in the Capibaribe-PE basin. Batch experiments (kinetics and sorption isotherms) allowed the evaluation of the retention potential and mobility of this compound in this environment. Sorption kinetics were verified for stirring times of 0.25; 0.5; 1; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 24; 48 and 72 hours and the experimental data was adjusted to the first- and second-order kinetic models. The isotherm occurred with concentrations of 1; 5; 10; 15; 20; 32.5 and 40 mg.L-1 and experimental data was adjusted to the linear, Freundlich and Langmuir models. The sorption kinetics of DB22 was best described by the second-order model, while the Freundlich and Linear models properly fitted sorption isotherms for Layers 1 and 2. The organic matter contents and the cation-exchange capacity of the soil layers influenced the sorption of the dye. The superficial layer privileges dye retention phenomena, while in the subsurface layer dye mobility phenomena prevail.

Salinity and flow rates of nutrient solution on cauliflower biometrics in NFT hydroponic system

ABSTRACT The use of brackish water in hydroponic crops represents an alternative for vegetable production. In this context, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of using brackish water to prepare the nutrient solution and replace the evapotranspired depth, applied at different flow rates, on cauliflower biometrics in NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized with four repetitions, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme: six levels of water electrical conductivity (ECw) in interaction with two flow rates of nutrient solution application in the hydroponic channels (1.5 and 2.5 L min-1). In Experiment I, brackish waters with different EC (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-1), obtained by the addition of NaCl in public-supply water (0.2 dS m-1), were used. In Experiment II, the chemical characteristics of brackish waters collected in the semiarid region of Pernambuco were simulated, with EC of 1.67, 3.30, 4.71, 5.88 and 13.84 dS m-1, plus the control (0.2 dS m-1). Increasing salinity reduced cauliflower growth. Flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 promoted the best results of shoot fresh and dry masses, leaf area, number of leaves, plant height and shoot diameter. The best water for cauliflower production was public-supply water and, among the well waters, the best was the calcium sulfate-rich water with EC of 1.67 dS m-1.

Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis.

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.