Semi-adjustable Articulator Research Articles

English

BACKGROUND One of the most widely used methods to record horizontal condylar guidance is the use of protrusive interocclusal records. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the reliability of protrusive interocclusal record with and without the influence of anterior determinant on horizontal condylar guidance among dentulous patients. METHODS Diagnostic impressions of 21 participants were made and casts were poured. Facebow record were obtained and transferred to semi-adjustable articulator. Protrusive interocclusal records were made using Alu-wax. In group 1, protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at incisal edge to edge position (conventional method). In group 2, 3 and 4 protrusive interocclusal records were obtained at a distance of 4 mm, 6 mm and at incisal edge to edge position respectively using a customized flat anterior jig. Programming of the Hanau articulator were done for all the 4 groups. One-way ANOVA test and Pearson’s correlation tests were done to compare and correlate horizontal condylar guidance. RESULTS The mean values obtained for flat anterior jig at incisal edge to edge position, at 4 mm and 6 mm provided good Pearson correlation values for the right (R = 0.773, R = 0.779, R = 0.632) as well as the left side (R = 0.631, R = 0.601, R = 0.545) respectively, on comparison with the conventional incisal edge to edge values. This indicated a positive correlation which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The horizontal condylar guidance is influenced by anterior determinant. Therefore, the reliability of protrusive records is dependent on eliminating the influence of anterior determinant. KEY WORDS Horizontal Condylar Guidance, Anterior Determinant, Protrusive Interocclusal Records

Distribuţia punctelor de contact în funcţie de tipul de articulator: Semiadaptabil versus neadaptabil versus digital

Objectives. To analyze the location and intensity of occlusal contact points using three types of articulators: non adjustable, semiadjustable and digital with aiming at improving the diagnostic and treatment options in dental medicine. Material and method. For analyzing the distribution of contact points, the casts of a patient were mounted in the non adjustable and semiadjustable articulator. Intraoral scanning was performed using an intraoral scanner (Trios 3Shape) and reviewed in a virtual articulator. Occlusion obtained by the three methods was compared to the clinical situation. Results. Contact points in maximum intercuspation, propulsion and lateral movements were analyzed. The points obtained by using the non adjustable articulator have been less intense and more unprecise. By digitizing the contact points, the image becomes more accurate and sharp. Discussion. The semiadjustable articulator reproduces the contact points which are consistent with the clinical situation. Major differences occur when using the non adjustable articulator, which has a limited capacity of reproducing the clinical movements, therefore the marks are non consistent with the real clinical situation. The digital articulator seems promising in terms of eccentric movements. Conclusions. However performing an articulator may be, the clinical maximum intercuspation will never be fittingly reproduced, due to the fact that articulators are rigid systems, whereas the oral cavity has an elasticity, resulting from the mandible, teeth and periodontal ligaments. Virtual articulators need to be further developed for more accurate results.

Comparison of sagittal condylar guidance obtained from radiographic and clinical records in dentate patients

To compare the angle of the sagittal condylar guidance obtained from the radiographic and clinical records of dentate patients. The sample consisted of 32 patients in whom strict lateral radiography and positional records were performed: in centric relation, protrusive recording 5 mm in right laterality and protrusive recording 5 mm in left laterality. With the positional registration of the facebow, the upper model was articulated, while the lower model was articulated with the positional registration in centric relation, and with the protrusive lateral registrations on the right and left side the condylar guidance was obtained for programming the semi-adjustable articulator. Statistics were performed with the SPSS program version 24 in Spanish. Normality was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test, for data with normal distribution, and the Student's T test and Pearson's correlation were performed in descriptive statistics. The statistical analyses showed that gender and age influence the angle measurement of the sagittal condylar guide. The radiographic method presented a condylar guide angle of 35.69 ± 5.18, being 35.69 ± 5.16 with the clinical method (p> 0.05). Pearson's correlation test showed an important correlation between the two methods (r = 0.948, p <0.001). There is a high correlation in the measurements obtained from the angle of the sagittal condylar guide and the radiographic and clinical records, indicating that both methods are effective.

Comparison of two arbitrary cast transfer systems with a kinematic facebow for mounting a maxillary cast on a semiadjustable articulator

Statement of problemThe Kois Dento-Facial Analyzer (KDFA) is used by clinicians to mount maxillary casts and to evaluate and treat patients. Limited information is available for understanding whether the KDFA should be considered as an alternative to an arbitrary facebow. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate and compare maxillary casts mounted by using the KDFA with casts mounted by using the Panadent Pana-Mount Facebow (PMF) and a kinematic axis (KA) facebow. Material and methodsFifteen participants were enrolled in the study. Three maxillary impressions were made of each study participant. One cast from each study participant was mounted on an articulator by means of the KDFA, PMF, and KA. A standardized photograph of each mounting was made, and the condylar center-incisor distance and the occlusal and incisal plane angles were measured. A randomized complete block design analysis of variance (RCBD) (α=.05) and post hoc tests (Tukey-Kramer HSD) were used to evaluate the occlusal and incisal plane angles and the condylar center-incisor distance. ResultsCompared with the occlusal plane angle (OPA), the KDFA mounted the maxillary cast at an angle that was statistically lower than those of PMF and KA (P<.001). The KDFA and the PMF condylar center-incisor distances were both significantly greater than that of KA (P=.01). No differences were found between the incisal plane angle (IPA) on maxillary casts mounted with the KDFA, KA, or PMF (P=.16). ConclusionsThe KDFA and PMF mounted the maxillary casts in a position that was farther from the axis when compared with the KA mounted casts. The KDFA resulted in a lower articulator OPA compared with both PMF and KA. No difference was found between the IPAs of the KDFA, PMF, and KA.

Comparative evaluation of condylar guidance obtained by three different interocclusal recording materials in a semi-adjustable articulator and digital panoramic radiographic images in dentate patients: An in vivo study.

Aim:The Aim of the study was to evaluate the reproducibility of condylar inclination values obtained using three different interocclusal recording materials in Hanau Wide-Vue semi-adjustable articulator and to compare those values of condylar inclination with panoramic radiographic images.Settings and Design:In Vivo Comparative study.Materials and Methods:The clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Prosthodontics, M. R Ambedkar Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru. A total of 30 dentulous subjects aged between 20 and 40 years were selected, without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. With the help of a custom-made protrusive guide, protrusive records for three materials were made. These records were used for programming the articulator and the respective horizontal condylar inclination (HCI) value, and panoramic radiographs were made. The values obtained were statistically analyzed.Statistical Analysis Used:Independent t-test, multiple comparisons using Bonferroni method followed by Analysis of variances (ANOVA) were used.Results:Among each pair of groups there exists a significant difference, i.e., the mean condylar inclination (degree) was found to be statistically significant between wax and polyvinyl siloxane (P < 0.01) as well as between wax and polyether (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed between polyvinyl siloxane and polyether (P > 0.05).Conclusion:HCI values differed depending on the type of material employed. The study concluded that the protrusive condylar guidance angles obtained by panoramic radiograph can be used in programming the semi-adjustable articulator and among the materials polyether gave the highest Condylar Guidance values with less variability and wax gave lowest values with greater variation.

Reproducibility of Sagittal Condylar Path Inclination Assessed by Protrusive Interocclusal Record with Two Different Techniques of Facebow Registration

Purpose: The purpose is to validate whether the data obtained for sagittal condylar inclination are correctly reproduced on the semi-adjustable articulator using protrusive interocclusal records for conventional facebow registration method (orbitale (OR) as an anterior point of reference) and facebow registration using bubble leveler (BL) as an anterior point of reference and compared these values with the values obtained by lateral cephalogram (gold standard). Materials and Methods: In total, 30 individuals (20 males and 10 females) with proper teeth alignment, facebow registrations were recorded using OR as an anterior point of reference (Group A, conventional technique) and WBL as an anterior point of reference (Group B). The sagittal condylar path inclination was measured and compared using protrusive interocclusal records for both the groups. These values compared with the values for sagittal condylar path inclination obtained using lateral cephalogram (Group C) using one-way analysis of variance (P &lt; 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant differences observed in the values of sagittal condylar inclination for all three groups with P = 0.583. Conclusion: This study suggests that BL technique can be used for the orientation of maxillary cast on the semi-adjustable articulator as accurately as the conventional approach, for those practitioners who find difficulty in locating the OR for those patients with deformity in facial region. Lateral cephalogram provides almost the same measurements of sagittal condylar path inclination as obtained using protrusive interocclusal record on facebow registrations using OR and BL as an anterior point of references.

Axiograph and the Panoramic Radiographic Imaging Technique, an Alternative to Conventional Technique to Record Condylar Guidance

Introduction: The documentation of the maxillomandibular relationship and the recording values of condylar guidance is the most critical, yet essential step in fabrication of complete denture prosthesis and it also helps in diagnosing, treatment planning, and fabrication of the balanced complete denture prosthesis that aids in enhancing the aesthetics, and maintenance of the stomatognathic system. Various techniques are available to record the condylar guidance; One of them being axiographic technique and panoramic radiograph followed by programming the semi adjustable articulators. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the condylar guidance using the conventional technique the gothic arch tracing with that of axiographic technique and the panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: The observational study with the clinical set up was carried out over a period between October 2018- March 2019. Twenty completely edentulous patients were selected for the study. The comparative evaluation of axiographic tracing technique, panoramic radiographic technique and the extraoral gothic arch tracing technique was conducted. The horizontal condylar guidance values obtained with these techniques were assessed. The data obtained was statistically analysed using Karl Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between the values obtained from all the three techniques on the right side and the left side of the subjects. Paired t-test and Bonferroni Post-Hoc test were used to compare the extraoral gothic arch tracing values and Orthopantomogram values and axiographic tracing values on right side and left side of the subjects. Results: A statistically significant correlation was observed between the extraoral Gothic arch tracing technique and the panoramic radiographic technique on right (r=0.047, p-value 0.04) and left sides (r=0.55, p-value 0.01) of the subjects. The axiographic tracing showed lower values when compared with gothic arch tracing technique and the panoramic radiographic technique. (95%CI of difference was -0.49 lower). Significant differences were obtained on comparison between all three techniques on right (p-value&lt;0.001) and left sides.(p-value 0.008). On pairwise comparison of right sides between Extraoral gothic arch Tracing and Axiographic tracing (p-value&lt;0.001) and between axiographic tracing and Orthopantomographic tracing (p-value&lt;0.001), were significant, while pairwise comparison on left side between Orthopantomogram and Axiographic tracings (p-value 0.01) was significant. Conclusion: The panoramic radiographic images can be used as an alternative method to that of conventional gothic arch tracing technique to obtain the condylar guidance values. The values obtained using axiographic tracings method was comparatively lower. Thus, the values obtained from axiographic technique should be used with caution or the values needs to be compared to gold standard techniques to further analyse the accuracy of the values that can be used as a valuable aid in setting the condylar guidance in semi-adjustable articulators.

Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Anterior Reference Points & Their Effect on the Protrusive Condylar Guidance Angle Obtained in Semi Adjustable Articulator

Comparative Evaluation of Four Different Anterior Reference Points & Their Effect on the Protrusive Condylar Guidance Angle Obtained in Semi Adjustable Articulator

Tomada de arco facial e montagem de articulador semi-ajustável para diagnóstico oclusal – relato de caso

Objective: It consists of reporting a clinical case of taking a facial arch and assembling a semi-adjustable articulator (ASA) for occlusal diagnosis. Case report: A 22-year-old female patient sought dental care because she was sensitive to element 24. It was clinically observed that the patient had a non-carious cervical lesion. The patient showed a physiological occlusion and an unfavorable positioning of elements 22 and 23. Thus, an attempt was made to investigate the presence of abrasive and erosive habits, which were not reported by the patient. Thus, a clinical evaluation and model assembly in ASA was conducted to identify possible occlusal interference, which would be triggering such injury. The following figures report the clinical case, occlusal registration, taking the facial arch itself, removing the facial arch, angulation adjustments in the ASA, mounting the upper and lower model in the position of maximum usual intercuspation. Conclusion: The use of the semi-adjustable articulator and the facial arch contributed to the diagnosis, planning and treatment of the case. Therefore, these instruments must be part of the dental surgeon’s clinical practice in order to offer greater predictability during oral rehabilitation.

A Comparison of Undergraduate Prosthodontic Teaching of Removable Partial Dentures in Saudi Arabian Dental Colleges with North American and Turkish Dental Schools.

ABSTRACTObjectives:To meet the needs of society, it is obligatory to provide standardized skill training to undergraduate students in dental colleges. Surveys related to teaching curriculum are valuable means to evaluate education across the country. The aim of this study was to find the trends in the undergraduate teaching curriculum, by determining the differences in the teaching methods and principles of fabrication of removable partial dentures in dental colleges in Saudi Arabia and to compare these with the curriculum of North American dental schools and Turkish dental schools.Materials and Methods:An online survey was conducted in 23 dental colleges of Saudi Arabia. Descriptive data analysis was performed to synopsize the information.Results:Eighteen out of 23 (78.23%) dental colleges of Saudi Arabia answered the questionnaire; 88.9% of the colleges follow the practice of using custom trays for making final impressions; and 44.4% of the colleges use only polyvinyl siloxane for making final impressions. Semiadjustable articulators were commonly used for mounting study casts (61.1%) and master casts (66.6%). An in-house production laboratory is present in 72.2% of the colleges. Cobalt–chromium alloy is used in 94.4% of the colleges for the framework. A set protocol for postinsertion adjustment visits is followed in 94.4% of the colleges.Conclusions:Dental colleges of Saudi Arabia have similar standards of removable partial denture education at the undergraduate level, with variations in a few aspects. Removable partial denture teaching programs of Saudi Arabian dental colleges are comparable to similar programs in dental schools of the United States and Turkey.

Comparison between Occlusal Errors of Single Posterior Crowns Adjusted Using Patient Specific Motion or Conventional Methods

Recently, digital technology has been used in dentistry to enhance accuracy and to reduce operative time. Due to advances in digital technology, the integration of individual mandibular motion into the mapping of the occlusal surface is being attempted. The Patient Specific Motion (PSM) is one such method. However, it is not clear whether the occlusal design that is adjusted using PSM could clinically show reduced occlusal error compared to conventional methods based on static occlusion. In this clinical comparative study including fifteen patients with a single posterior zirconia crown treatment, the occlusal surface after a clinical adjustment was compared to no adjustment (NA; design based on static occlusion), PSM (adjusted using PSM), and adjustment using a semi-adjustable articulator (SA) for the assessment of occlusal error. The root mean square (RMS; μm), average deviation value (±AVG; μm), and proportion inside the tolerance (in Tol; %) were calculated using the entire, subdivided occlusal surface and the out of tolerance area. Using a one-way ANOVA, the RMS and +AVG from the out of tolerance area showed a statistical difference between PSM (202.3 ± 39.8 for RMS, 173.1 ± 31.3 for +AVG) and NA (257.0 ± 73.9 for RMS, 210.9 ± 48.6 for +AVG). For the entire and subdivided occlusal surfaces, there were no significant differences. In the color-coded map analysis, PSM demonstrated a reduced occlusal error compared to NA. In conclusion, adjustment occlusal design using PSM is a simple and effective method for reducing occlusal errors that are difficult to identify in a current computer-aided design (CAD) workflow with static occlusion.

Photoelastic stress analysis of different types of anterior teeth splints.

Traumatic dental injuries are highly prevalent and are considered an important health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro stress distribution around simulated traumatized teeth subjected to different types of splints by photoelastic analysis. For each group, five models of maxillary and mandibular arches were made in photoelastic resin using prefabricated teeth models, which were fixed and adjusted in a semi-adjustable articulator. All splints were bonded with composite resin on the labial surfaces of the maxillary central incisors, the lateral incisors and the canine teeth, simulating trauma to the 11. The groups were divided according to the type of splint: control-without splint; rigid-brackets and 0.021×0.025 inch stainless steel wire; semi-rigid-brackets and 0.016×0.016 inch cobalt-chromium wire; fiber-fiberglass ribbon; and flexible-nylon thread. The groups were submitted to an occlusal force in a special device attached to a universal test machine in balanced, protrusive, and lateral occlusions. Then, the incisal edge of the 11 was ground to simulate infra-occlusion, and the tests were performed again. Five points were analyzed around tooth 11 with a polariscope, and the data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests at a 5% level of significance. When centric occlusion was analyzed by comparing normal occlusion to infra-occlusion, all groups showed high stress values in infra-occlusion with statistical differences-except for the control group. When lateral occlusion was analyzed, the nylon splint showed lower statistical differences compared with the control, fiberglass, and rigid splint groups, which did not differ between each other. The semi-rigid splint did not differ from any group. Fiberglass and semi-rigid splints showed better stress distribution around the traumatized tooth under occlusal loads. The nylon splint showed characteristics of non-stress distribution.

Determination of the reliability and repeatability of a quantitative occlusal analyzer by using a piezoelectric film sensor: An in vitro study

Statement of problemA digital quantitative occlusal analyzer with claimed lower cost and easier maneuverability has been introduced to replace conventional methods. However, information regarding its performance is scarce. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the reliability and repeatability of a newly introduced digital occlusal analysis device (Accura) and to compare it with an established occlusal analyzer (T-scan Novus). Material and methodsThe sensor films of both devices were positioned between titanium maxillary and mandibular models that were equilibrated and arbitrarily mounted on a semiadjustable articulator. Compressive force was applied to the upper arm of the articulator with a universal testing machine, increased gradually to 50 N, and then released automatically. The time and force measurements from the universal testing machine and the tested devices were recorded by operating software programs. Five articulating film sensors of each device were tested 3 times each by 2 examiners and were repeated on consecutive days, totaling 60 trials per device. Reliability was defined as an agreement between the loaded force and measured force. Repeatability was defined as an agreement between repeated measurements of the Accura and T-scan Novus. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for the statistical analysis (α=.05). ResultsThe calculated intraclass correlation coefficient of the Accura and the universal testing machine was 0.952. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the T-scan Novus and the universal testing machine was 0.963. Intraclass correlation coefficients that were calculated to compare the data acquired from different days were 0.938 for the Accura and 0.911 for the T-scan Novus. ConclusionsThe experimental results indicated that the reliability of both the Accura and T-scan Novus was excellent for measuring occlusal forces. In addition, both the Accura and T-scan Novus exhibited excellent repeatability.

Awareness on the use of semi adjustable articulators in undergraduates - a survey

Awareness on the use of semi adjustable articulators in undergraduates - a survey

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BITE RECORDING MATERIALS ON MOUNTING ACCURACY OF WORKING CAST

Objective: To assess effect of different bite recording materials on accurate mounting of working casts. Materials and Methods: A 40 maxillary and mandibular stone casts were obtained from dentoform teeth using polyether impression material. Derived stone casts were divided according to bite registration material in to four groups (10 samples each); 1. wax group, 2. polyvinyl siloxane group, 3. polyether group and 4. Bis-crylic resin group. Ten bite records were obtained with poly vinyl siloxane recording material from hand articulated dentoform to serve as control group. The 40 produced mandibular stone casts were mounted on semi adjustable articulators using four bite registrations tested materials. Unilateral Polyvinyl siloxane bite registration were made for 40 mounted stone casts to evaluate bite registration accuracy. Then bite records were placed on a light box and a camera set at a fixed distance 8 inches was used to capture the light transmission that was projected through the bite material. The camera transferred the information to an image analysis program (ImageJ) which measure accuracy of registration materials. Results: Grey scale data showed parametric distribution while measurement error showed non-parametric distribution. The difference between tested groups and control group was compared using ANOVA test. The results revealed that, the different between test groups and control was insignificant (P-value = 0.104). Conclusions: All tested bite registration materials had comparable results, although Luxabite and polyether showed higher errors than polyvinyl siloxane and wax.

Rehabilitation of the frontal teeth with palatal veneers by using T-Scan occlusal analysis - case report

Abstract Pathological tooth wear occurs in young patients. The rehabilitation of these teeth must be performed accurately, considering the occlusal relationships and the correct distribution of the masticatory forces. The therapeutic approach must be as minimally invasive as possible. In this case presentation, six palatal veneers were realized for the aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a young patient’s upper frontal teeth. The restorations were made on refractory casts, from feldspathic ceramics, allowing a proper esthetic. The occlusal rehabilitation involves the mounting of the casts in a semi-adjustable articulator. The six veneers were adapted functionally by using the Bio-Art A7 Plus articulator. Due to the adhesive techniques and the existing interocclusal space at this level, the teeth’s preparation was limited to the enamel. The deep chamfer was placed equigingivally. During the try-in of the restorations, the esthetic evaluation was done. The adhesive technique was used to bond the veneers to the tooth surfaces. After the cementation, the esthetical results were evaluated. During the prosthodontic treatment, T-Scan III digital analysis was performed to detect occlusal problems, to establish the treatment directions, and to evaluate the results. Conclusions: The use of the adhesively bonded feldspathic palatal veneers allows a successful esthetic and functional rehabilitation. The digital occlusal analysis, realized using the T-Scan system, improves the prosthodontic treatment quality and durability.

Clinical occlusion analysis versus semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator occlusion analysis.

Background and aimsIdentifying the optimal method for occlusion analysis by comparing examination sensitivity of the static and dynamic occlusion using three systems: clinical occlusion analysis, semi-adjustable articulator and virtual articulator (3Shape, Denmark) occlusion analysis.MethodsThe occlusion analysis of sixteen patients was performed using the three systems. In order to analyze the number of concordant and discordant points and trajectories, the clinical method was compared to the semi-adjustable articulator and to the computerized method.ResultsThe greatest correspondence was obtained by comparing the clinical and the articulator methods, having a success rate of 85.25%, versus the clinical and the computerized method with a success rate of 73.25%. The propulsion registered the highest discrepancies: 35% in case of the semi-adjustable articulator comparison and 62% in case of the virtual articulator comparison.ConclusionsThe semi-adjustable articulator was superior in static and dynamic occlusion analysis compared to the virtual articulator. The analysis of the dynamic occlusion is the most problematic due to its dependency on the individual anatomy of the glenoid fossa which cannot be exactly reproduced by any articulator.

Comparative evaluation of sagittal condylar guidance obtained from a clinical method and with cone beam computed tomography in dentate individuals

Statement of problemProgramming semiadjustable and fully adjustable articulators involves time-consuming clinical steps which can be avoided if an accurate radiographic method can accurately determine the condylar guidance angles. PurposeThe purpose of this clinical study was to compare the sagittal condylar guidance in dentate individuals as determined by a clinical method, protrusive interocclusal record, and a radiographic method, cone beam computed tomography. If the methods show a correlation, then cone beam computed tomography can be used as a time-saving method of programming an articulator for patients requiring a cone beam computed tomography scan. Material and methodsA total of 40 participants (20 men and 20 women) within the 20 to 40 years age group were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cone beam computed tomography scans were obtained, and by using an appropriate software program, the sagittal condylar guidance was measured for both sides. A protrusive interocclusal record was obtained by using polyvinyl siloxane material. The maxillary cast of each participant was mounted on a semiadjustable articulator with a facebow transfer, and the mandibular cast was mounted with a maximum intercuspal record. The protrusive record was then transferred to the articulator for programming. ResultsThe right and left sagittal condylar guidance values obtained from both the protrusive interocclusal record and cone beam computed tomography method were comparable, with no significant differences (P>.05). The difference in condylar inclination values for both sexes obtained from both methods for both sides were not statistically different (P>.05). With increasing age, condylar inclination values obtained from both methods tended to decrease. The values for sagittal condylar guidance obtained from both methods (protrusive interocclusal record and cone beam computed tomography) were comparable and correlated. ConclusionsCone beam computed tomography measurement involves stable bony landmarks and can be standardized, whereas clinical methods are time consuming and can provide inaccurate results because of the instability of the materials used to register the maxillomandibular relationship. Thus, cone beam computed tomography can be used to obtain the sagittal horizontal guidance for programming semiadjustable and fully adjustable articulators for patients requiring a cone beam computed tomography scan.

Printing and mounting digital casts in the centric relation position for use on an analog articulator: A dental technique

A technique for recording, printing, and mounting digital casts in centric relation is described. Combining elements of analog and digital workflows, centric relation records can be transferred by digital scanning and used to align casts for articulation. This method is useful to the clinician adapting to digital workflow or preferring a physical semiadjustable articulator in conjunction with digital scans.

A Study to Relate Sagittal Condylar Path and Horizontal Incisal Path with Bilateral Balanced Occlusion in Edentulous Subjects

Abstract Introduction Bilateral balanced occlusion is achieved when there is equilibrium on both sides of the prosthesis, due to the simultaneous contact of the artificial teeth in centric and eccentric occlusion. One of the areas in which research is lacking is the relation between sagittal condylar path (CP) and horizontal incisal path (IP) with optimal balanced occlusion. Materials and Methods Semiadjustable Articulator Artex Arcon AP with Rotofix facebow, 40 µ Bosch articulating paper of red and blue color, protractor, centric and protrusive interocclusal plaster records were used for the study on 50 completely edentulous subjects. Teeth arrangement was done with optimal balanced occlusion, and the numbers of contacts were recorded in centric relation and eccentric positions. Statistical analysis was done by using student’s t test and Karl Pearson coefficient correlation. Results The average sagittal CP was 30.38° in the age group of 40 to 55 years and 32.58° in the age group of 56 to 70 years, and the average horizontal IP was 15.79° in the age group of 40 to 55 years and 16.04° in the age group of 56 to 70 years.Statistically significant results were found between sagittal CP, horizontal IP with bilateral balanced occlusion in the age group of 40–55 years. Conclusion Statistically significant relations were found in balanced occlusion between waxed up denture on articulator, processed denture on articulator and processed denture on articulator after selective grinding. Balanced occlusion is more predictable in a younger group of individuals.