Semarang Municipality Research Articles

How to Enhance MSMEs Readiness? an Empirical Study in Semarang Municipality

The absence of maximum readiness of the existing Micro Small Medium Enterprises or SMEs in Semarang City in facing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) requires an effort to improve the quality and competitiveness of SMEs. According to this problem, this research had several objectives to achieve, namely 1) evaluating the readiness of Semarang Municipality’s SMEs from various aspects in facing Asean Economic Community (AEC), 2) preparing the strategies to improve Semarang Municipality's SMEs business quality and capacity. This research uses descriptive and SWOT analyses. The research results indicate that SMEs in Semarang Municipality has been ready in facing AEC. The obstacles standing in the way of SMEs include poorly arranged administration, the absence of product standardization, and marketing. The strategies practicable to improve SMEs’ businesses in Semarang Municipality include improving and extending marketing network and organizing training, assistance and technology upgrade for SMEs to improve their product standard, value and quality.

Impact of Small Holder Dairy Farm on the Air Quality in Gunungpati District, Semarang Municipality

The study aimed to investigate the impact of small holder dairy farm on the air quality in the farm and surrounding area. The study was conducted in three farmer groups in the District of Gunungpati, including the farmer groups in the villages of Nangkasawit, Plalangan and Sumurejo. Samplings of air quality were conducted in four points (locations), i.e., inside the barn, 100 m, 200 m and 300 m from the area of farm. Parameters observed were emission of NH3 CO2, H2S and CH4. Results showed that the levels of NH3 in the barn, 100 m, 200 m and 300 m from the farm area in Nangkasawit village were 0.211, 0.107, 0.104 and 0,035 ppm, respectively. The levels of NH3 in Plalangan village were 0.289, 0.231, 0.13 and 0.108 ppm, respectively, and in Sumurejo village were 0.109, 0.110, 0.082 and 0.046 ppm, respectively. The levels of H2S in Nangkasawit, Plalangan and Sumurejo villages at the entire points of observations were <0,002 ppm, with the acceptable standard level of H2S was 0.02 ppm. In four locations of observations, the levels of CH4 in Nangkasawit village were 809, 603, 599 and 521 ppb, in Plalangan village 999, 720, 645 and 582 ppb and in Sumurejo village 932, 824, 526 and 521 ppb. The levels of CO2 in Nangkasawit village were 26.55, 28.35, 28.44 and 30.05 ppm, in Plalangan village 24.65, 25.10, 23.44, 21.05 ppm and in Sumurejo village 28.50, 27.35, 30.68, 31.50 ppm, with the standard level of CO2 should be 30.000 ppm. In conclusion, the air quality was better (lower contamination) with the farther distance of locations from the barn.

Feeding of Total Mixed Ration on the Productivity of Friesian Holstein Cross-Grade Cattle

An experiment was conducted to evaluate feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) on the productivity of Friesian Holstein (FH) male cross-grade cattle at Semarang Municipality. TMR was a ration formulated with agricultural and agro-industrial by-product (no grass and/or green forage were used) to fulfilled the nutrient requirement of beef cattle. Total mixed ration were formulated on iso-energy of 66% of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and different level of crude protein (CP) content of 11%, 12%, 13%, and 14%. Twenty (20) heads of FH male cross-grade cattle with initial body weight of 292.40+33.06 kg were used in this experiment, and were arranged into 5 treatments T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4), and 4 replications. Data collected were analysed statistically using analyses of variance (Anova) based on the completely randomized design (CRD), then followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for different among treatments. Results of the experiment showed significantly different effect (P<0.05) on dry matter intake (DMI), CP intake, TDN intake, and average daily gain (ADG). There were no different effect (P>0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed efficiency. Others parameter showed that there were no significantly different (P>0.05) effect on the dry matter and organic matter digestibility in vitro, rumen ammonia concentration, and volatile fatty acid’s rumen concentration. It was concluded that feeding TMR was potentially prospected for fattening of beef cattle, particularly as feeding strategy when there was no grass and/or green forage anymore.

تحليل الأخطاء النحوية اللغوية عند المحادثة اليومية (دراسة حالية مقارنة)

This research aims to serve as an Arabic learning reference in Arabic conversation especially for fluent speakers to avoid errors especially in nahwu (syntax). Location selection, therefore, is essential in this research. The researcher chose Islamic boarding schools (pondokpesantren) in Central Java which Arabic proficiency was good, that were PondokPesantren Islam Al-irsyad in Semarang Municipality and Madrasah AliyahNegeri Program Khusus (MANPK) I in Surakarta. This research employed qualitative approach with numerical data to support the conclusion. The method used was descriptive analysis which elaborated all data descriptively in order to obtain thorough and in depth result, as well as to find out more phenomenon and various conversational errors. Therefore, comparative analysis was used. The data were collected through interview, unstructured dialog, and audio recording to gather the empirical data. The research result found out that out of 32 daily conversation errors in each research location, there were 15 syntaxes errors in PondokPesantren Islam Al-Irsyad that were classified into 10 subtopics of syntaxes discussion, while there were 17 syntaxes errors classified into 8 subtopics of syntaxes discussion.

AKUNTABILITAS PARTAI POLITIK DI KOTA SEMARANG: KAJIAN PELAKSANAAN AKUNTABILITAS PADA PARTAI DEMOKRAT DI KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2009-2014

Accountability is an important instrument within democratic practice. It provides guarantee of the promises and acts of politicians, member of parliament, and elected public official. Partai Demokrat (Democratic Party) as a ruling party in 2009 election of Semarang Municipality does not contributes significant practice of accountability. The research provides evidence that accountability is well known and understood by member of parliament from Partai Demokrat. However, it failed taking into practice.

Immunological Aspects of Persistent Hepatitis B in Children

We studied the immunological status of 203 children having persistent Hepatitis B (positive HBsAg) ranging in age from 6 to 14 years in Semarang Municipality. All patients showed negative results of humoral immunity (IgM anti-HBc), excluding the possibility of acute hepatitis B (HB). Cellular immunity examination using CMI skin test showed positive result in 64.9% of persistent and 65.2%, ln non-persistent HB (p&gt;0.05). T cell examination shows significant statistical difference (p&lt;0.01) between persistent and non-persistent HB, and there was a significant difference (p&lt;0.01) on CD4 cell examination; indicating a difference on immunoregulation function and response repression of anti-virus between the two groups. There was no significant differences on CD4/CD8 ratio between persistent and non-persistent HB. The specific function of cytotoxic T cell also shows no significant difference between the two groups.

LOCAL LEADERSHIP MODEL TOWARDS A RESILIENT CITY IN SEMARANG MUNICIPALITY

This study assessed local leadership necessary for developing city resilience in the phase of more escalating, complicated and critical disaster phenomenon. The study departed from an assumption of the need for an effective and creative model of local leadership in order to transform risks into resilience, so that the city possesses a local capacity to develop Semarang as the resilient city. Leadership competency can be taught and trained by a leadership education and training under the Center for Education and Training of the Provincial Government of Central Java. Learning premise and practice of the leadership education and training in this study was formulated as follows: (1) Why was the leadership of Semarang Mayor unable to improve effectiveness of state internal bureaucracy towards city resilience?; (2) How was the model of local leadership necessary todevelop Semarang city resilience?; and (3) What learning model of leadership education and training was effective to educate and to train the effective and creative bureaucratic leaders? Using a case study based qualitative approach, this study resulted in as the followings: (1) the mayoral leadership concerning hazard and city resilience issues was proven effective, but was unable to improve the effectiveness of the state internal bureaucracy due to structural conflict; (2) local leadership model related to disaster and city resilience issues that can be applied to Semarang Municipality is a congruent model with public-private partnership approach; and (3) the effective learning model that can be applied to the leadership education and training is a constructivist learning model with an intuitive approach.

LOCAL LEADERSHIP MODEL TOWARDS A RESILIENT CITY IN SEMARANG MUNICIPALITY

This study assessed local leadership necessary for developing city resilience in the phase of more escalating, complicated and critical disaster phenomenon. The study departed from an assumption of the need for an effective and creative model of local leadership in order to transform risks into resilience, so that the city possesses a local capacity to develop Semarang as the resilient city. Leadership competency can be taught and trained by a leadership education and training under the Center for Education and Training of the Provincial Government of Central Java. Learning premise and practice of the leadership education and training in this study was formulated as follows: (1) Why was the leadership of Semarang Mayor unable to improve effectiveness of state internal bureaucracy towards city resilience?; (2) How was the model of local leadership necessary todevelop Semarang city resilience?; and (3) What learning model of leadership education and training was effective to educate and to train the effective and creative bureaucratic leaders? Using a case study based qualitative approach, this study resulted in as the followings: (1) the mayoral leadership concerning hazard and city resilience issues was proven effective, but was unable to improve the effectiveness of the state internal bureaucracy due to structural conflict; (2) local leadership model related to disaster and city resilience issues that can be applied to Semarang Municipality is a congruent model with public-private partnership approach; and (3) the effective learning model that can be applied to the leadership education and training is a constructivist learning model with an intuitive approach.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENGARUH KINERJA PERMUKIMAN SEBAGAI ANTISIPASI PERWUJUDAN KAMPUNG WISATA BAHARI

Tambaklorok is a fishermen kampong located in Tanjungmas, North Semarang. This settlement is known for its fish landing base where people daily come to buy marine products. The population of the kampong which was purely consisted of traditional fishermen at first is recently turning into mixed population with its problems like poverty and bad infrastructures that make this place unhealthy to live. However, behind these problems, this area also has a potency to be a maritime tourist object. The purpose of this research is to find influence factors of fishermen settlement performance as the implementation of the plan to create a maritime tourism kampong that was made by Semarang Municipality in 2015. This research used positivistic research paradigm with quantitative approach, and for processing data, it used statistical test with factor analysis. Based on statistical test and analysis, there are 6 influence factors of fishermen settlement performance that potentially support the development of the maritime tourism kampong.

Penguatan Ekosistem Pesisir: Monitoring dan Pembelajaran Pembangunan Alat Pemecah Ombak (APO) di Kota Semarang

&lt;p class="Abstract"&gt;&lt;em&gt;Climate change has become one of the causes of environmental damage &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;and needs to&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; be anticipated. In Indonesia, including in the Semarang&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; City, the&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; impact caused by climate change also occurs. Damage ponds and mangrove forests due to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;erosion and sea level rise are example&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; of &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the climate change impact&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;significant impact of climate change is exacerbated by the lack of public knowledge related to the threat of climate change. It &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;significantly &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;affect&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;to the&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;decreasing &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;income of farmers. These fact underlie &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mercy Corps Indonesia in cooperation with the government of Semarang and the Bintari Foundation &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;develop activities aimed to strengthening the protection of coastal areas through the development of seawalls through the program&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; named &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;"Enhancing Coastal Community Resilience by Strengthening Mangrove Ecosystem Services and Developing Sustainable Livelihood in Semarang City". Construction of seawalls in the form of tire&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; seawalls and Hybrid Engineering (HE) &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;is &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;completed in 2016. Construction of seawalls certainly ha&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;s&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; an impact on community in coastal areas&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. This article aims to &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;review the monitoring and the lesson learned of seawalls construction&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;of the development on the seawalls for the communities in coastal areas, especially in the Genuk and Tugu&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; Sub-district&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;. The methods used in this study is a mix method research by descriptive approach so that the study is more emphasis on the analysis of the measurable facts the description&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;, which &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;supported by information unearthed in the community through interviews and extracting information from archives on reports that had been prepared previously containing seawalls development progress. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The research results show that &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;seawalls development provides many positive effects for the community&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; so that &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;they &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;consciously perform maintenance independently for the positive impact they can receive for the long term.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

ANALISIS PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN KERJASAMA ANTAR DAERAH WILAYAH KEDUNGSEPUR BIDANG PARIWISATA

Tourism Sector is a sector that assessed the potential to be developed in an effort to increase revenue for the region through tourist attraction. Kedungsepur region has a percentage of the number of tourists both from domestic and international amounted to 19.31% in 2013 and 20.34% in 2014, but its range is not evenly distributed. So that the tourism sector included in the priority scale Inter-regional Cooperation Kedungsepur area approved by the respective Regional Head in 2011. Research method uses descriptively qualitative research design with observation, interview, and literary review as the data collecting technique. The information source are Culture Division Head of Culture and Tourism Department of Semarang, Chief of Local Government and International relation of Semarang Municipality, and Destinations Section Staf Culture and Tourism Department of Central Java Province. The research result that implementation of Inter-regional Cooperation in tourism Kedungsepur region not fully accomplished, proven by the implementation of Inter-regional Cooperationin tourism Kedungsepur have found problems at every stage. When on interpretations phase, there are some issues because each area is not tourism as a major sector for each region, as well as at the application phase there are problems regarding the implementation is not accordance with the planning. Recommendation can be done to improve implemention for Inter-regional Cooperation of Kedungsepur region in tourism is need to increase the commitment of each parties that involved in cooperation, unify the understanding of each region on cooperation in tourism, also need some in-depth review of strategy to promote single destination.

Dorang (Dolan Semarang) Game Solution to Introduce Semarang Municipality and Semarang Regency as Tourist Attraction

Abstract- Tourism is the departure of a person in a short period of time into a tourism site with the intention to relax and refresh the mind. Tourism will feel convenient if visiting the tourism site that have fun attractions. One of the city that has many attractions is Semarang city and Semarang regency. Semarang city and Semarang regency has a natural attractions, social and culture, travel games, agro tourism, and culinary tours. According to a study, 64% of 30 respondents who are domestic travelers from 15-30 years old, did not know the information of locations from the tourism site in Semarang city and Semarang regency. With the little knowledge from domestic travelers, DORANG (Dolan Semarang) is made so that this game can be used as a guide to travel and as a media promotion of these attractions. This game contains travel map of Semarang city and Semarang regency along with the information of tourism sites. After respondents are finished playing this game, they will be known better about the information of tourism sites in Semarang city and Semarang regency and also more recognizing these attractions.

Pemberdayaan Pendekatan Pendidikan Jalur Sekolah dan Luar Sekolah

This qualitative study was an attempt to identify the problems impeding the implementation of educational approach and to look for suggestions to enlighten and empower approaches to two subsystems of education. Data were collected by in-depth interview and observation in Semarang Municipality. The results show that the system, curriculum, means, learning-teaching strategy, and environment are the crucial factors in the educational management. The suggestions offered are that institutional cooperation is needed, an integrated approach involving the school and out of school education institutions must be enhanced, network of information have to be intertwined, and the Ki Hadjar Dewantara's approach model ought to be socialized and disseminated to all of the two fields of education

Hubungan antara Latar Belakang Pendidikan Formal, Pengetahuan Lingkungan dan Peran Serta Wanita dalam Usaha Pelestarian Lingkungan

This study is an attempt to test the correlation between formal education background, level of knowledge about the environment, and women's participation in living space conservation programs. This study was carried out in Semarang Municipality. The population included members of Family Welfare Development (PKK) in the Municipality. A cluster random sampling technique was used to select the sample. The size of the sample was 71 members. Data were obtained through questionnaires and observation, and analyzed statistically by multiple regression. The results indicated that there was a relationship between formal education background, level of knowledge about the environment and women's participation in living space conservation programs

The Correlation between Duration of Employment, Body Posture and Smoking Habit on Low Back Pain Incidence An Analytic Observational Study Among Taxi Driver in Semarang Municipality

Introduction: Low back pain ((LBP) ranks as number two of neurological disease’s highest prevalence after cephalgia and migraine in Indonesia. Objective: This study aim to determine the relationship between duration of employment, body posture and smoking habit on the incidence of low back pain on taxi driver. Method: This research is an observational analytic cross sectional design. Seventyfour taxi drivers in Semarang municipality was screened with Beck’s Depression Inventory Scale to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were then given Risk Factor of LBP questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a bivariate correlation test contingency coefficient to see the relationship between duration of employment, body posture, smoking habit and low back pain.Result: the taxi driver with duration of employment &gt;10 years were moderate smokers and having astenis body posture. The analysis of correlation coefficients contingency test showed a significance relationship between duration of employment (p = 0,000), body posture (p = 0,000), and moderate smokers (p=0.010) with the incidence of LBP. Conclusion: the taxi driver with duration of employment &gt;10 years with astenis body posture, and moderate smokers were posstively correlated with LBP.

The Correlation between Duration of Employment, Body Posture and Smoking Habit on Low Back Pain Incidence An Analytic Observational Study Among Taxi Driver in Semarang Municipality

Introduction: Low back pain ((LBP) ranks as number two of neurological disease’s highest prevalence after cephalgia and migraine in Indonesia. Objective: This study aim to determine the relationship between duration of employment, body posture and smoking habit on the incidence of low back pain on taxi driver. Method: This research is an observational analytic cross sectional design. Seventyfour taxi drivers in Semarang municipality was screened with Beck’s Depression Inventory Scale to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were then given Risk Factor of LBP questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a bivariate correlation test contingency coefficient to see the relationship between duration of employment, body posture, smoking habit and low back pain.Result: the taxi driver with duration of employment &gt;10 years were moderate smokers and having astenis body posture. The analysis of correlation coefficients contingency test showed a significance relationship between duration of employment (p = 0,000), body posture (p = 0,000), and moderate smokers (p=0.010) with the incidence of LBP. Conclusion: the taxi driver with duration of employment &gt;10 years with astenis body posture, and moderate smokers were posstively correlated with LBP.

3. PERAN MODAL SOSIAL DAN MODAL POLITIK DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN BANJIR DAN ROB (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Tanjung Mas Kecamatan Semarang Utara Kota Semarang)

Policy on flood and tide management has become a severe public issue. In particular, the issue is dealing with the policy implementation as a manifestation of public service to protecting community as an impact of the flood disaster, which has been a long-standing serious issue. This research, Social and Political Capitals For Implementing Policies on Flood and Tide Management, raises a case study in Tanjung Mas Village, Semarang Utara District, Semarang Municipality. The analysis focuses on research question of whether the potentials social and political capitals contributed a significant role in the implementation of the policy of the Semarang Municipal Government in the flood management. The analysis used an approach of naturalistic (descriptive-qualitative) method with an incidental random sampling data collection and Focus Group Discussion. Respondents were selected purposively with the major component of community leaders and citizens of RW 3-9 who became the victims of the flood. The study results raised some issues and problems concerning the implementation of the policy, which theoretically did not comply with the concept of the policy implementation, in which the policy performers did not optimally accommodate local social and political capitals. The most highlighted finding was that all respondents reported that the policy performers and politicians from the Local Boards of Representatives did not truly implemented the policy, tending to sway from their initial promises during the majoral election campaign of 2009. In their political contracts, one of the legislative candidates from particular party promised that the people of Tanjungmas would be set free from flood, elevated from poverty, and survived from unemployment. In practice, none of these promises were answered. For example, the potential of the social capital (collective work, fundraising, and environmental improvement) and political capital (citizen’s political aspiration and rights) accummulated in vary local and pure associations only had a very minor involvement in solving problems related to flood and tide in Tanjungmas area, development of River Semarang, and infrastructure development – in which Sagorake (Saluran Gorong Gorong Rakyat Kebonharjo) Group was involved. It is important to note that the social capital of the local community may grow by P2KP program introduced by central government through The Ministry of Public Work Affairs. The policy of Semarang Municipal Government did not allow the local people social, political, and economic access to the policy implementation. All the programs of the flood and tide management always took place with a project approach without involving local community. Borrowing the concept introduced by Van Meter and Horn (1975:23), the poor coordination, communication and the successful policy implementation program are crucial in the favor of bureaucrats instead of planning and policy-making processes. What Van Meter and Horn writes was proven by the implementation of the flood and tide management in Semarang. The development of Sistem Polder Tawang Kota Lama as flood and tide controller, tourist and conservation site was useless because of lacking management. In addition to this deficiency, the location had a poor drainage system and became the waste dumping site. According to the findings, this research recommended a change in model of policy on flood and tide management from structural to non-structural paradigm, which accommodates the potential of the social and political capitals as the end target of the policy stakeholder.

Infection Prevention Behavior of Salon Service Giver in Region Semarang Municipality

Infectious disease ranks first in the cause of morbidity in the developing countries including Indonesia especially in the eastern part of Indonesia. One of theleading infectious disease is hepatitis B that ranks ninth in the most leading cause of death. There are various cause of the spread of the disease includinglack of understanding in the infection measures including by the service giver of salon. Infection prevention behavior was caused by its service salon. Thepurpose of this study was to know the behavior in preventing infection of salon service giver in Semarang municipality. The study was a cross sectionalstudy, the independent variables were age, education, knowledge, attitude, infrastructure, supervisor support, and attitudes of service giver friend. Whilethe dependent variable was the behavior in the infection prevention measures. The sample was 50 salon service giver conducted with a purposive samplingmethod. The data analysis used chi-square and logistic regression. The result showed that there was a relationship between age, education, service giverfriend and infection prevention behavior, but there was no relationship between knowledge, attitude, infrastructure, supervisor support and infectionprevention behavior. The most influencing factor in infection preventing behavior was partner support of salon service giver (p=0,0002;OR =45.5). It isrecommended that salon owner provide tools used in accordance with the requirements/number of customers and make sure that to always take steps toprevent infections such as using schort, gloves.

Molecular Surveillance of Dengue in Semarang, Indonesia Revealed the Circulation of an Old Genotype of Dengue Virus Serotype-1

Dengue disease is currently a major health problem in Indonesia and affects all provinces in the country, including Semarang Municipality, Central Java province. While dengue is endemic in this region, only limited data on the disease epidemiology is available. To understand the dynamics of dengue in Semarang, we conducted clinical, virological, and demographical surveillance of dengue in Semarang and its surrounding regions in 2012. Dengue cases were detected in both urban and rural areas located in various geographical features, including the coastal and highland areas. During an eight months' study, a total of 120 febrile patients were recruited, of which 66 were serologically confirmed for dengue infection using IgG/IgM ELISA and/or NS1 tests. The cases occurred both in dry and wet seasons. Majority of patients were under 10 years old. Most patients were diagnosed as dengue hemorrhagic fever, followed by dengue shock syndrome and dengue fever. Serotyping was performed in 31 patients, and we observed the co-circulation of all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. When the serotypes were correlated with the severity of the disease, no direct correlation was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of DENV based on Envelope gene sequence revealed the circulation of DENV-2 Cosmopolitan genotype and DENV-3 Genotype I. A striking finding was observed for DENV-1, in which we found the co-circulation of Genotype I with an old Genotype II. The Genotype II was represented by a virus strain that has a very slow mutation rate and is very closely related to the DENV strain from Thailand, isolated in 1964 and never reported in other countries in the last three decades. Moreover, this virus was discovered in a cool highland area with an elevation of 1,001 meters above the sea level. The discovery of this old DENV strain may suggest the silent circulation of old virus strains in Indonesia.

KARAKTERISTIK DAN POTENSI PERKEMBANGAN KAWASAN KOMERSIAL SEGITIGA PANDAMA (PANDANARAN–GAJAHMADA–PEMUDA) DI KOTA SEMARANG

&lt;p&gt;Pandanaran, Gajahmada, and Pemuda (Pandama region) in recent years continued to experience growth in property investment, especially for commercial functions and show more rapid growth in the region. The growth phenomenon of the Pandama triangle areas as an investment destination and as a leading commercial center business is growing in line with the shift in the investment market (market force) that reacts to the many problems and limitations of Simpang Lima area as the destination investment CBD driven by previous Semarang Municipality. The research was carried out with quantitative approach to determine the characteristics and potential development of Pandama commercial areas in the future. Commercial activity in the Pandama triangle dominated by service function by 58% with the pattern of development and distribution of commercial activity in th triangle Pandama tends to change from a pattern that follows the road network (ribbon) to be concentrated pattern (center). Pandama triangular commercial area in the future will grow an develop as a magnet development in Semarang city and impact the higher quantity growth of the commercial activity and also lead to increasing the land conversion level of settlement into a commercial.&lt;/p&gt;