Semantic Message Research Articles

UAV detection technology research based on deep learning

Abstract In the process of UAV target recognition, the target is small, the feature is not obvious, and the recognition accuracy is low, a UAV target detection method called YOLOv8-UD is proposed based on YOLOv8. This method replaces downsampling layers with SPD convolutions to mitigate fine-grained feature loss issues. It employs a BiFPN structure to get information which is multi-scale, enhancing representation of global semantic message and Improve awareness of small goals. As a result, to target detection, it significantly enhances the correctness and effectiveness. Additionally, to address difficulty of detecting low-resolution small targets, the network structure was modified by adding a detection head, for small target, thereby enhancing capability to detect it. Combining an improved loss function based on Inner-IoU accelerated model convergence and improved detection accuracy of samples at high IoU thresholds. We can tell by experiments that The algorithm proposed in this paper have 0.805 and 0.334 in mAP(0.5) and mAP(0.5:0.95) metrics, respectively. Compared to YOLOv8, improvements of 4.6% and 7% are achieved in mAP(0.5) and mAP (0.5:0.95) metrics. The experiments validate that the proposed way significantly enhances accuracy to UAV small target detection.

Peculiarities of the artistic translation of R. Gamzatov’s poetry into the Ossetian language (using the example of the poem “Cranes”)

The article for the first time provides a comparative analysis of the Ossetian translations of the famous poem “Cranes” by R. Gamzatov with the canonical translation by N. Grebnev. The authors establishes the degree of adequacy of translated texts at the level of conveying the content, stylistic features of the poetic text. It is concluded that each of the translators tried to reflect the ideological and artistic originality of the Russian text with their own poetic means. Y. Tigiev’s translation characterizes the preservation of poetic symbolism, the form of the verse of the translated text, but there are also inconsistencies, which in places can be reduced to the leveling of artistic and expressive means. The emotional and semantic message of the original text is completely preserved in the second version of the translation. The translator I. Pliev conveys the rhythmic and intonational, lexical and semantic features of the Russian-language text. Differences are observed in the transfer of the main poetic symbol of R. Gamzatov’s poem – white cranes. In the text of I. Pliev, the replacement of the image (white cranes → falcon → bird) led to a change in the title of the poem

Syntactical Linguistic Levels Analyses of Selected Poems of Salih Farwana

The poet, Saleh Omer Ferwana is one of the loyalist poets who completely performed their roles. He was among loyal people to his religion, nation, and the bleed of martyrs. He used the power of words as a weapon to throw away the enemies of humanity. So, the study tackles the language used in Ferwana's collection of poems entitled "Palestinian vocabulary". The researchers followed the steps of scientific research to reach useful results. The study was divided into two parts. Then, every part was subdivided into two sections. The study introduced the following results: the poet's collection of poems includes diverse types of linguistic methods, especially the negation method which is repeatedly used. This reflects the poet's desire to expel the occupier from the land. Moreover, the study stresses the vitality of the style and structure which reflects the circumstances of our nation. It also reflects the high degree of harmony between the linguistic environment of the collection and the semantic message.

Imitation Learning-Based Implicit Semantic-Aware Communication Networks: Multi-Layer Representation and Collaborative Reasoning

Semantic communication has recently attracted significant interest from both industry and academia due to its potential to transform the existing data-focused communication architecture towards a more generally intelligent and goal-oriented semantic-aware networking system. Despite its promising potential, semantic communications and semantic-aware networking are still in their infancy. Most existing works focus on transporting and delivering the explicit semantic information, e.g., labels or features of objects, that can be directly identified from the source signal. The original definition of semantics as well as recent results in cognitive neuroscience suggest that it is the implicit semantic information, in particular the hidden relations connecting different concepts and feature items that play the fundamental role in recognizing, communicating, and delivering the real semantic meanings of messages. Motivated by this observation, we propose a novel reasoning-based implicit semantic-aware communication network architecture that allows destination users to directly learn a reasoning mechanism that can automatically generate complex implicit semantic information based on a limited clue information sent by the source users. Our proposed architecture can be implemented in a multi-tier cloud/edge computing networks in which multiple tiers of cloud data center (CDC) and edge servers can collaborate and support efficient semantic encoding, decoding, and implicit semantic interpretation for multiple end-users. We introduce a new multi-layer representation of semantic information taking into consideration both the hierarchical structure of implicit semantics as well as the personalized inference preference of individual users. We model the semantic reasoning process as a reinforcement learning process and then propose an imitation-based semantic reasoning mechanism learning (iRML) solution to learning a reasoning policy that imitates the inference behavior of the source user. A federated graph convolutional network (GCN)-based collaborative reasoning solution is proposed to allow multiple edge servers to jointly construct a shared semantic interpretation model based on decentralized semantic message samples. Extensive experiments have been conducted based on real-world datasets to evaluate the performance of our proposed architecture. Numerical results confirm that iRML offers up to 25.8 dB improvement on the semantic symbol error rate, compared to the semantic-irrelevant communication solutions.

In sight, in mind: Spatial proximity to protest sites and changes in peoples' political attitudes

Occupying public spaces can be an effective tactic for conveying a semantic message of protest and gaining wider support; however, it may also severely disrupt the everyday lives of non-participants and causes a backfire. Therefore, it remains unclear whether and how the occupy movements have shifted political attitudes among the general public. Bringing a social-spatial perspective to the case of the Occupy Central Movement (OCM) in Hong Kong, this study investigates how the attitudinal impact of occupation has varied according to people's spatial proximity to the protest sites. Using two waves of individual-level panel data collected right before and after the OCM and detailed geo-information on the respondents' home addresses and the occupied areas, we apply a difference-in-differences (DIDs) design to identify the causal link between space and attitudes. In addition, propensity score matching (PSM) methods are used to ensure the comparability of nearby and faraway residents. The results show that after the OCM, residents living near the occupied areas not only maintained their support for the pro-democracy camp but also became more liberal as compared to faraway residents. This phenomenon can be explained by the "on-site" effect, which suggests that the direct exposure to protestors' solidarity and the repressive actions of authorities arouse bystanders' sympathy for the protestors and support for their political cause. Such influence appears to be long-lasting and can be evidenced by the local election results after the protest.

EXK-SC: A Semantic Communication Model Based on Information Framework Expansion and Knowledge Collision.

Semantic communication is not focused on improving the accuracy of transmitted symbols, but is concerned with expressing the expected meaning that the symbol sequence exactly carries. However, the measurement of semantic messages and their corresponding codebook generation are still open issues. Expansion, which integrates simple things into a complex system and even generates intelligence, is truly consistent with the evolution of the human language system. We apply this idea to the semantic communication system, quantifying semantic transmission by symbol sequences and investigating the semantic information system in a similar way as Shannon's method for digital communication systems. This work is the first to discuss semantic expansion and knowledge collision in the semantic information framework. Some important theoretical results are presented, including the relationship between semantic expansion and the transmission information rate. We believe such a semantic information framework may provide a new paradigm for semantic communications, and semantic expansion and knowledge collision will be the cornerstone of semantic information theory.

A Residual Fusion Network for Osteosarcoma MRI Image Segmentation in Developing Countries.

Among primary bone cancers, osteosarcoma is the most common, peaking between the ages of a child's rapid bone growth and adolescence. The diagnosis of osteosarcoma requires observing the radiological appearance of the infected bones. A common approach is MRI, but the manual diagnosis of MRI images is prone to observer bias and inaccuracy and is rather time consuming. The MRI images of osteosarcoma contain semantic messages in several different resolutions, which are often ignored by current segmentation techniques, leading to low generalizability and accuracy. In the meantime, the boundaries between osteosarcoma and bones or other tissues are sometimes too ambiguous to separate, making it a challenging job for inexperienced doctors to draw a line between them. In this paper, we propose using a multiscale residual fusion network to handle the MRI images. We placed a novel subnetwork after the encoders to exchange information between the feature maps of different resolutions, to fuse the information they contain. The outputs are then directed to both the decoders and a shape flow block, used for improving the spatial accuracy of the segmentation map. We tested over 80,000 osteosarcoma MRI images from the PET-CT center of a well-known hospital in China. Our approach can significantly improve the effectiveness of the semantic segmentation of osteosarcoma images. Our method has higher F1, DSC, and IOU compared with other models while maintaining the number of parameters and FLOPS.

Virtual Socio-Cultural Worlds on Open Internet Platforms

The possibility of direct communication between a huge number of non-public people on the open Internet platform, coupled with the ability to observe this process, which is being implemented by even more people, is the catalyst for the emergence of virtual socio-cultural worlds – conditional groups that are united by a single meaning and value field. Motive-target analysis of comments and feedback on comments on the open Internet platform “Zen” showed that one of the key semantic messages, which encourages a huge number of our compatriots to respond on the Internet and thus the manifestation of the most significant, essential points of their worldview, is the leitmotif of the importance of moral values and the requirements of their conformity at all levels of social and personal life. The mass participation of our compatriots in communication interactions on open Internet platforms is a variant of civic participation in its new, modern form, in which optimal conditions for self-determination, social adaptation and socialization arise. The key to the social significance of the meanings “living” here are the key supports for a person and society associated with traditional moral values, ideas and traditions. Control by state regulatory structures over the criteria for assessing blogs that analyze socio-political events and problems seems appropriate and socially significant. The reasons for their closure (“banning”) should be understandable, reasonable and transparent for all participants in communication interactions.

Applying Noise‐Based Reverse Correlation to Relate Consumer Perception to Product Complex Form Features

Consumer behavior knowledge is essential to designing successful products. However, measuring subjective perceptions affecting this behavior is a complex issue that depends on many factors. Identifying visual cues elicited by the product’s appearance is key in many cases. Marketing research on this topic has produced different approaches to the question. This paper proposes the use of Noise‐Based Reverse Correlation techniques in the identification of product form features carrying a particular semantic message. This technique has been successfully utilized in social sciences to obtain prototypical images of faces representing social stereotypes from different judgements. In this work, an exploratory study on subcompact cars is performed by applying Noise‐Based Reverse Correlation to identify relevant form features conveying a sports car image. The results provide meaningful information about the car attributes involved in communicating this idea, thus validating the use of the technique in this particular case. More research is needed to generalize and adapt Noise‐Based Reverse Correlation procedures to different product scenarios and semantic concepts.

Deep Discrete Hashing for Label Distribution Learning

Label Distribution Learning (LDL) can better describe the real-world data by learning a set of label distributions instead of discrete binary labels. Particularly, hashing-based LDL has achieved promising performance due to its desirable advantages of fast similarity computation and extremely low storage cost. However, existing hashing-based LDL methods are still shallow learning methods, which cannot deeply capture the implicit data semantics, and meanwhile fail to fully model the semantic data relations. In this letter, we propose an effective and efficient Deep Discrete Hashing for Label Distribution Learning (DDH-LDL) method, which develops the first deep hashing framework for LDL. Specifically, DDH-LDL captures implicit semantic information by multi-layer non-linear transformation, and simultaneously preserves the modeled semantic relations of instances into hash codes via semantic message aggregation on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN). Furthermore, we elaborately design a discrete optimization module that is seamlessly integrated into our proposed deep hashing framework to reduce the binary quantization errors. Experiments on several widely tested datasets verify the superiority of the proposed method on both learning accuracy and efficiency.

Identifying the components of effective learner-centred feedback information

ABSTRACT Due to recent conceptual shifts towards learner-centred feedback, there is a potential gap between research and practice. Indeed, few models or studies have sought to identify or evaluate which semantic messages, or feedback components, teachers should include in learner-centred feedback comments. Instead, teacher practices are likely to be primarily shaped by ‘old paradigm’ conceptualisations of feedback. In response, the current study develops a taxonomy of learner-centred feedback components based on a rapid systematic review of the literature. The face, content and construct validity of the taxonomy are then established through an empirical study with teachers and students at two Australian universities. The outcome of this study is a conceptual model featuring eight learner-centred feedback components. This model will help teachers design effective feedback processes and support learners to make sense of and use feedback information to improve their future work and learning strategies.

Akord à rebours. O muzyce i „duchowej inteligencji” w filmie Interstellar Christophera Nolana


 
 
 The essay aims to reveal the role of music in the movie Interstellar by Christopher Nolan and its significance in creating an artistic message that relates to the love myths characteristic of European culture and art. The orientation point is the Tristanic myth and the project of musical dramaturgy by Richard Wagner, the founder of the concept of music being the significant layer in a Gesamtkunstwerk, a synthesis of the arts, which strongly inspires i.a. cinema. The article ponders possible messages to be decoded from the music in Nolan’s movie: as a “form of a lover’s discourse” (R. Barthes), “significant form” (Suzanne K. Langer), “symbolic form” (E. Cassirer), responsible for shaping the ambience that constitutes an inherent structural part of the movie in the metaphysical cinema genre. The musical solutions applied by Hans Zimmer in the soundtrack to Nolan’s movie do more than merely imply inspiration from Wagner. They also allow for recognition of the polyphonic way of constructing formal and thematic relations between musical themes and the verbal-visual layer of the movie. This refined artistic project aims at a subtly directed confrontation with the nihilistic picture of love that is representative of melancholic-pessimistic images of the condition of human relationships in the modern culture. The analysed main musical theme, called the “à rebours chord” (i.e. anti-Tristan chord), turns out to be an overt musical manifestation of such a counterpunch and becomes a starting point to telling a story that refers to the concept of love which assumes taking action and fighting for the good of your loved ones, as well as the concept of Caritas and unconditional love. The way that the music and sound of the movie are orchestrated is therefore tightly coupled with its semantic and symbolic message, which allows for perceiving the music as a specific “libration point” of the movie structure. Its function might also be interpreted as a semantic attribute of “a spiritual intelligence”, referring to that which is binding and crucial for the axiological and metaphysical message of the movie.
 
 

Mythological Conceptualization in A.O. Balabanov’s Films and Interpretation of “The River”

This paper attempts to uncover the semantic message of “The River”, an unreleased film that was supposed to be a new program product in the filmwork of Aleksei Oktyabrinovich Balabanov. At the beginning of the article, the author reveals the director’s method of conceptualizing his films that appeal to the mythological conceptualization of the narrative structure in addition to the plot and genre of the film. The latter is clarified in the process of comparing the films with the structure of a fairy tale, which has also already been noted by some researchers of Balabanov’s movies. The novelty of the article is connected with a philosophical analysis of the indicated conceptualization of “The River” film-project (2002) and an attempt to identify aesthetic effects and symbolic meanings encoded in the film production.The author believes that the close attention of “The River” project’s director to the cultures of traditional society, and especially the culture of northerners — the Tofalars (Tofa), the Yakuts (Sakha), is due to the proximity of the traditional cultures of the North and the Arctic to the mythological method of conception in culture. In this sense, “The River” project was, in all likelihood, to become the director’s experiment in building an archaic topos with a crystalline mythological concept of the abundance of the natural over the cultural and the corresponding mentality and psychology of the actions of the “old era”. The main thing in this cinematic experiment was to take the culture “off the table” and analyze the natural spontaneity in human nature, with the subsequent “splitting” of mythological consciousness, breaking the epic circle of tradition with a symbolic outcome, through the concept of “boat” and “river”, to a universal human principle, metaphysical topos of thought. The prophetic gift of the director, embodied in a number of his films, is interpreted on the example of “The River” and reflects the message for the path of self-development of the cultures of Russian peoples.

Analisis Pesan Dakwah Moderasi Dalam Novel Kidung Rindu Di Tapal Batas Karya Aguk Irawan Mn.

The development of da'wah in the digital era is inseparable from the probelmatika of society as a target for da'wah and so many media are used as a means of da'wah. One of the means used by many preachers to deliver their da'wah material is through written media and literacy such as novels. The novel is one of the alternative dawah for delivering dawah material to the target of preaching or mad'u, many stories in the novel are promoted as messages of propaganda in the form of film media. This article has a very positive purpose in understanding the contents of da'wah what are the meanings in a story that have elements of nationalism and da'wah by using descriptive qualitative methods, then linking them to interpretations of the Qur'an. The results of this research are first the theme of da’wah moderation raised in this novel about Garuda in my chest, in the da’wah moderation scheme the presence of dissatisfaction, sadness, sadness of life in his country but they eat in other countries, semantic messages of moderation means tolerance and help each other, and belief in God Almighty.

Semantic communications between distributed cyber-physical systems towards collaborative automation for smart manufacturing

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is a crucial technology for collaborative manufacturing automation in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-empowered industrial networks. The new decentralized manufacturing automation paradigm features ubiquitous communication and interoperable interactions between machines. However, peer-to-peer (P2P) interoperable communications at the semantic level between industrial machines is a challenge. To address this challenge, we introduce a concept of Semantic-aware Cyber-Physical Systems (SCPSs) based on which manufacturing devices can establish semantic M2M communications. In this work, we propose a generic system architecture of SCPS and its enabling technologies. Our proposed system architecture adds a semantic layer and a communication layer to the conventional cyber-physical system (CPS) in order to maximize compatibility with the diverse CPS implementation architecture. With Semantic Web technologies as the backbone of the semantic layer, SCPSs can exchange semantic messages with maximum interoperability following the same understanding of the manufacturing context. A pilot implementation of the presented work is illustrated with a proof-of-concept case study between two semantic-aware cyber-physical machine tools. The semantic communication provided by the SCPS architecture makes ubiquitous M2M communication in a network of manufacturing devices environment possible, laying the foundation for collaborative manufacturing automation for achieving smart manufacturing. Another case study focusing on decentralized production control between machines in a workshop also proved the merits of semantic-aware M2M communication technologies.

О структурном анализе литературного произведения (на примере романа Л.Н. Толстого «Война и мир»)

The article is devoted to the issues of teaching the Russian literature in high school. The author of the article, based on the concept of structure and on the basis of structural analysis, where the part is considered as part of the whole and carries the properties of the whole, suggests using this law to solve the following question: a small fragment of the text can give an idea of the meaning of the work as a whole, its ideas, the features of the writer’s skill, the creative process and the writer themselves. A special semantic message in the article is put on the term “theme”, which is characterized in the article as a specific, clearly organized emotional and imaginative material that has the ability to develop further, reincarnate in accordance with the general idea of the work and with its own laws. Moreover, the author emphasizes the paradoxical nature of the topic, since accuracy in it is born of inaccuracy: invariance is fused with variability, constancy with variability, statics with dynamics, so that it is impossible to separate one from the other. The article combines two types of research. One refers to the fundamental problems of the philological science: emotionality as the basis of the nature of literature and other arts, the specifics of the structure of a literary work, the concept of a topic in the literary science; the other puts specific questions of a methodological nature before teachers of literature. The approach to the analysis of a literary work stated above is demonstrated by the example of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and peace”. In this case, it is taken into account that L.N. Tolstoy is the only one of the classical writers who went through three bloody military campaigns as an artillery officer in the active army and used his experience in creating “War and peace”.

Америка в поэзии Серебряного века: начало культурной концептуализации

The artistic image of America began to take shape in the 19th century Russian prose and journalism and became one of the universals of Russian culture. Its poetic interpretation, however, started in the early 20th century. The article explores the origin of the poetic conceptualization of America as a continent, state, and cultural space in the poetry of the Silver Age. The analysis of poems by N. Gumilyov, S. Yesenin, V. Mayakovsky, and others identified the semantic features of the poetic representation of America as well as the repertoire of the main semantic messages about the country. The important conceptual components of the image are the “discovery of America”, “Columbus”, “America as an earthly paradise”, “a distant place, an object of dreams”, “a target for development”, and others. The aesthetics of such schools of poetry as futurism and symbolism influenced the style of writing an imagery, however, the key meanings and messages, however, remained very similar. The perception of America changed after the Russian Revolution. Poets who had been to the faraway land tried to provide a realistic description of its advances in industry, urbanization, and multinationalism. They had their ideological principles and were critical of capitalism as a whole. Hence, they viewed absolute rationalism, business and capital — the ultimate American values — as a reason for the loss of spirituality in American culture. The poems now contrasted the two countries — the spiritual Russia and the materialistic America. The contrast later evolved into a more abstract poetic dialogue about the global opposition between the West and the East. The first attempts of poetic conceptualization of a different culture subsequently underpinned the artistic conceptualization of America in the 20th century fiction, poetry, and journalism. Their impulses can still be traced in the common perception Russians have of America as a country, which is confirmed by linguistic dictionaries and studies in humanities.

Мурал-арт як складова культурного простору міста

The aim of the article is to define the role of mural art as a part of street art in the context of the cultural urban space. Identification of mural art in cities, its transformation depending on the place of creation and changes in the perception of the viewer requires needs research that is more detailed. А lot of people do not distinguish between concepts in street art; do not understand the artistic value of murals. Therefore, it is useful to show all functions, which murals can have. The quantity and quality of murals in the urban space affects its reputation, culture, development trends. That is, murals can both spoil urban visions and aestheticize them. Murals often engine enrichment of human consciousness, because artists raise important social issues, motivate the viewer to think. They try to turn the city into a large gallery, to influence people who involuntarily become spectators and connoisseurs of street art. It is also appropriate to explore the trends of Ukrainian muralism in the urban space. After all, street art has become very popular in Ukraine, as evidenced we can see various thematic festivals and competitions. The research methodology involves an interdisciplinary approach, analysis of scientific works of cultural and art history, review of thematic media and creative work of street artists to determine the characteristics and purposes of their activities. The works of modern Ukrainian researchers who study the issues of the cultural space of the city, mural art and street art in general are involved. The scientific novelty lies in the study of the influence of mural art on personal perception on drawing attention to socio-political problems in the urban context. On the example of the analysis of works of world street artists the tendency to social and educational function of murals, instead of simply aesthetic, is traced. The practical significance of the study is to emphasize that murals have artistic value, a unique semantic message, and are not just a means of aestheticization. The article can be useful for specialists in culturology, history, art history, architecture and for artists.

Стратегии перевода калмыцких деловых текстов XVIII в. (на материале писем хана Аюки и их русских переводов 1714 г.)

Among the scientific publications that research the features of the language of Kalmyk business letters and their translations, there are currently no works that analyze in detail the principles and strategies for translating Kalmyk business texts. The purpose of this article is to identify the main strategies for translating official letters of Khan Ayuka from Kalmyk language into Russian. Materials and methods. This work was based on material from the letters of the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka of 1714 and Russian translations of these letters, also dated 1714. All materials are preserved in the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia. Transliteration, transcription into modern Kalmyk graphics and literal translation of the original texts into Russian were made by D. B. Gedeeva. Both synchronous and diachronic translations are used to identify translation strategies. The main research methods are descriptive, contextual analysis method, and comparative method. Results and conclusions. A comparison of the original and translated texts of Ayuka Khan letters shows that in Russian translations kept the general structure and content components of the original letter, genre and style features of the original text, although the texts of the translations are not verbatim. Authors of translations adhere to the strategy of transferring essential information while preserving the semantic message dominants, Russian translations are characterized by substitutions and repetitions of lexical units, a lexical addendum reflecting the extra-linguistic features of the communicative situation. Russian translations of letters from Khan Ayuka are made in compliance with the rules for processing business documents that were formed by the beginning of the 18th century.

Стратегии перевода калмыцких деловых текстов XVIII в. (на материале писем хана Аюки и их русских переводов 1714 г.)

Among the scientific publications that research the features of the language of Kalmyk business letters and their translations, there are currently no works that analyze in detail the principles and strategies for translating Kalmyk business texts. The purpose of this article is to identify the main strategies for translating official letters of Khan Ayuka from Kalmyk language into Russian. Materials and methods. This work was based on material from the letters of the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka of 1714 and Russian translations of these letters, also dated 1714. All materials are preserved in the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia. Transliteration, transcription into modern Kalmyk graphics and literal translation of the original texts into Russian were made by D. B. Gedeeva. Both synchronous and diachronic translations are used to identify translation strategies. The main research methods are descriptive, contextual analysis method, and comparative method. Results and conclusions. A comparison of the original and translated texts of Ayuka Khan letters shows that in Russian translations kept the general structure and content components of the original letter, genre and style features of the original text, although the texts of the translations are not verbatim. Authors of translations adhere to the strategy of transferring essential information while preserving the semantic message dominants, Russian translations are characterized by substitutions and repetitions of lexical units, a lexical addendum reflecting the extra-linguistic features of the communicative situation. Russian translations of letters from Khan Ayuka are made in compliance with the rules for processing business documents that were formed by the beginning of the 18th century.