О структурном анализе литературного произведения (на примере романа Л.Н. Толстого «Война и мир»)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the issues of teaching the Russian literature in high school. The author of the article, based on the concept of structure and on the basis of structural analysis, where the part is considered as part of the whole and carries the properties of the whole, suggests using this law to solve the following question: a small fragment of the text can give an idea of the meaning of the work as a whole, its ideas, the features of the writer’s skill, the creative process and the writer themselves. A special semantic message in the article is put on the term “theme”, which is characterized in the article as a specific, clearly organized emotional and imaginative material that has the ability to develop further, reincarnate in accordance with the general idea of the work and with its own laws. Moreover, the author emphasizes the paradoxical nature of the topic, since accuracy in it is born of inaccuracy: invariance is fused with variability, constancy with variability, statics with dynamics, so that it is impossible to separate one from the other. The article combines two types of research. One refers to the fundamental problems of the philological science: emotionality as the basis of the nature of literature and other arts, the specifics of the structure of a literary work, the concept of a topic in the literary science; the other puts specific questions of a methodological nature before teachers of literature. The approach to the analysis of a literary work stated above is demonstrated by the example of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and peace”. In this case, it is taken into account that L.N. Tolstoy is the only one of the classical writers who went through three bloody military campaigns as an artillery officer in the active army and used his experience in creating “War and peace”.