Semantic Management Research Articles

E-CITY KNOWWARE: KNOWLEDGE MIDDLEWARE FOR COORDINATED MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE CITIES

The realization of e-city is a necessary component for achieving the green city. This paper outlines a vision for an e-city platform that is based on knowledge brokerage in the green city. The proposed platform will be a venue for creating dynamic virtual organizations to harness collective intelligence of knowledge hubs to analyze and manage sustainability knowledge in urban areas. Knowledge assets of participating organizations will be presented in three dimensions: process structures, human profile and software systems. These three facets of knowledge will be accessible and viewable through a self-describing mechanism. Cities can post their geospatial and real-time data on the net. Relevant environmental and energy-use data will be extracted using topic maps and data extraction services. Local decision makers can synchronize work processes (from participating hubs) to create an integrated workflow for a new ad hoc virtual organization to collaboratively analyze the multifaceted nature of sustainable decision making. An e-city platform is envisioned in this paper that will be realized through intelligent, agent-like, domain-specific middleware (KnowWare). Through triangulation between people, software and processes, these KnowWare will discover, negotiate, integrate, reason and communicate knowledge (related to energy and environment) from across organizations to the right person at the right time. KnowWare is fundamentally, a portal of social semantic services that resides on a cloud computing infrastructure. Knowware exploits thee main tools: 1) existing ontologies to represent knowledge in a semantic manner, 2) topic maps to profile sources of knowledge and match these to the complex needs of sustainability analysis, 3) domain-specific middleware for knowledge integration and reasoning.

Chronic pain in Ayurveda Medicine and Neuroscience—An Integrative medical approach

With the present work I am setting out to use an integrative medical approach to describe the perception and processing of chronic pain. Neuroanatomical and biological (neuroscience) concepts and the associated computer-controlled high-tech brain examination methods will be integrated with the concepts of Ayurvedic medicine in a complementary semantic manner. Although positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) can be used to make the perception of pain in the brain visible and thus forms of mental experience can be displayed objectively as a snapshot, many questions remain unanswered. This is especially true with regards to the many individual differences in this experience of pain. The subjective analysis method of Ayurveda, which has been tried and tested for over 2000 years and is assured by its reproducible explanatory power, can contribute to comprehension here. An important part of traditional Ayurvedic medicine consists of examining the individual influences within the subjective sensation of perception (e.g. pain) with regards to personal constitution and as the consequence of personal living circumstances. Connections within the flow of bodily functions and mental processes are always described as holistic conditionalities in Ayurveda. Combining both medical approaches using existing analogies can contribute to a deeper understanding of chronic pain. This especially holds true in cases in which no findings, physical findings or tangible diagnoses accompany processing and treatment to explain the causes to physicians, therapists and, most importantly, to the patients. Acceptance and compassion often no longer take place in the world of modern medicine due to the lack of objective data. With the increasing understanding of the significance of emotional intelligence (limbic system) and the discovery of mirror neurons, we know that, with few exceptions, healing relationships depend on empathy and treatment of pain cannot be successful without care. Not only those affected by pain, but also treatment providers suffer from this. Many therapeutic options provided by Ayurvedicmedicine have to do with contact and touch, serve to strengthen inner experience and can help break through the often fatal cycle of pain and stress. I hope to make a small contribution to revealing the importance of integrative medical approaches and stimulating the dialog required for this to happen.

Logical Consecutions in Intransitive Temporal Linear Logic of Finite Intervals

The paper concerns the problem of logical consequence in linear temporal logics in terms of logical consecutions. A logical consecution c is an expression ψ1,...,ψn/ψ, where all ψi and ψ are formulas. An informal meaning of c is 'ψ is a logical consequence of assumptions ψ1,...ψn'. We introduce valid and admissible temporal consecutions and prove that the class of admissible consecutions is a proper extension of the class of all valid consecutions. First we describe the admissible consecutions of the intransitive linear temporal Tomorrow/Yesterday logic TYL defined by intervals of natural numbers in a semantic manner -- via consecutions valid on special constructive temporal Kripke/Hintikka models. Then we show that any temporal consecution has a reduced normal form which is given in terms of temporal formulas of temporal degree at most 1. Using this and an enhanced semantic technique we construct an algorithm recognizing consecutions admissible in TYL, i.e. we show that TYL is decidable w.r.t. admissible consecutions.

Happiness as a Belief System: Individual Differences and Priming in Emotion Judgments

Three studies involving 104 undergraduates sought to examine how an individual's level of life satisfaction organizes their knowledge concerning the self's emotions. Participants judged the self's positive and negative emotions within a computerized task. Key results sought to determine whether judging two positive emotions in a consecutive sequence speeds the second judgment--a pattern of priming that would suggest a tighter, more interconnected structure in semantic memory related to one's positive emotions. As expected, individual differences in life satisfaction predicted the magnitude of this priming effect (Studies 1 & 2), which appeared to be unique to judgments of the self's emotions (Study 3). The results indicate that happy, relative to less happy, individuals organize information concerning their positive emotions in a qualitatively different and tighter semantic manner.

Jacques Lipchitz's Bird-Headed "Prometheus" and the Related Works

Jacques Lipchitz assigned to his works the role of ?image magic? that could modify reality. As a young artist he initially embraced the Cubist manner but he didn't devoid of deeper semantic manner and sought literary themes. It was probably because of his Jewish education which assigned greater relevance to concepts than to form. To explain Lipchitz's artistic procedure the author uses the term bi-sociation, described by Arthur Koestler as an unconscious mental linkage whereby previously unrelated and seemingly incompatible ideas are brought together and combined. The example of using by Lipchitz this kind of creative process are bird-headed Prometheus Strangling the Vulture and related works. Bi-sociation involves making meaningful connections where none existed before. In the case of bird-headed Prometheus the linkage involved integration of themes drawn from Greek mythology and Jewish literary lore with visual motifs originating in other civilizations and meaningful references to political actuality. The author investigates Lipchitz's artistic process in a broader perspective and shows how extraordinary appeal of described works arises from artist's belief that emotional energy he invested in them endowed the creative activity with a virtue beyond the aesthetic.

Communication among agents: a way to revise beliefs in KD45 Kripke structures★

We address the issue of belief revision in a multi-agent setting. We represent agents' beliefs in a semantic manner, through a Kripke structure, and model a communication process by which agents communicate their beliefs to one another. We define a revision rule that can be applied even when agents have contradictory beliefs. We study its properties and show that agents need not agree after communicating their beliefs. We finally address the dynamics of revision and show that the order of communication may affect the resulting belief structure.

Task-specific repetition priming in left inferior prefrontal cortex.

Previous neuroimaging studies have shown that activation in left inferior prefrontal cortices (LIPC) is reduced during repeated (primed) relative to initial (unprimed) stimulus processing. These reductions in anterior (approximately BA 45/47) and posterior (approximately BA 44/6) LIPC activation have been interpreted as reflecting implicit memory for initial semantic or phonological processing. However, prior studies do not unambiguously indicate that LIPC priming effects are specific to the recapitulation of higher-level (semantic and/or phonological), rather than lower-level (perceptual), processes. Moreover, no prior study has shown that the patterns of priming in anterior and posterior LIPC regions are dissociable. To address these issues, the present fMRI study examined the nature of priming in LIPC by examining the task-specificity of these effects. Participants initially processed words in either a semantic or a nonsemantic manner. Subsequently, participants were scanned while they made semantic decisions about words that had been previously processed in a semantic manner (within-task repetition), words that had been previously processed in a nonsemantic manner (across-task repetition), and words that had not been previously processed (novel words). Behaviorally, task-specific priming was observed: reaction times to make the semantic decision declined following prior semantic processing but not following prior nonsemantic processing of a word. Priming in anterior LIPC paralleled these results with signal reductions being observed following within-task, but not following across-task, repetition. Importantly, neural priming in posterior LIPC demonstrated a different pattern: priming was observed following both within-task and across-task repetition, with the magnitude of priming tending to be greater in the within-task condition. Direct comparison between anterior and posterior LIPC regions revealed a significant interaction. These findings indicate that anterior and posterior LIPC demonstrate distinct patterns of priming, with priming in the anterior region being task-specific, suggesting that this facilitation derives from repeated semantic processing of a stimulus.

Subject requirement and predication

In this paper, we argue that the subject requirement or Extended Projection Principle (EPP) is naturally derived from predication, not in the standard syntax-based manner of Rothstein (1983), Chomsky (1986) or Heycock (1991), but in a full-blooded semantic manner within the selective mentalist Grammar Semantics of Bouchard (1995). We propose that the EPP is the effect of a basic proposition-forming operation of natural language, which is induced by a predication operator (Bowers 1993). On our analysis, insertion of an expletive in the subject position or raising to the subject position are therefore ultimately analysed as semantically motivated processes, triggered by the operation of proposition formation.

On the Activation of Social Stereotypes: The Moderating Role of Processing Objectives

Two studies investigated the effects of processing goals (semantic vs presemantic) on stereotype activation. We posited that spontaneous stereotype activation would only occur when participants process targets (i.e., people) in a semantic manner. In line with this prediction, participants who first processed a target face in a semantic fashion were subsequently faster to verify words that were stereotypic of the target person's gender group compared to participants who had processed the face in presemantic ways. Face recognition, however, did not differ across processing goals. In a second experiment, we replicated these findings using a much shorter stimulus presentation time, verifying that conscious or intentional processes did not underlie the differential stereotype activation. We consider our findings in the context of contemporary issues in stereotyping and automaticity.

La expresión de la función Manera en griego

This paper seeks to identify the marks for the semantic function Manner in Ancient Greek and to determine the conditions under which each of them is chosen. The following conclusions are reached: a grammatical function Manner exists in Greek which indicates that the lexeme with which some given morphemes combine denotes the way in which the predicate takes place. These marks are generally distributed according to the lexemes with which each of them can combine. The relationships of dependency can be denoted either by marking the function of the term or by its agreement with the governing element. This idea accounts for the remaining examples, in which different morphemes expressing Manner are found with the same lexeme.