Semantic Groups Research Articles

From sequentiality to schematization: network-based analysis of covarying collexemes in Mandarin degree adverb constructions

Abstract This study investigates the semantic structures of degree adverb constructions (DAC) in Mandarin through a network-based approach. We first utilized covarying collexeme analysis to determine significant collexeme pairs strongly associated with the DAC. We then incorporated network-based quantitative methods to analyze the emerging schemas from these collexeme pairs. Our approach involved implementing network analyses at two levels. The collexeme-based network consisted of lexical nodes representing degree adverbs and modified heads, while the construction-based network featured collexeme pairs as nodes. The collexeme-based network reveals that degree adverbs develop distinct semantic preferences for attributes within specific semantic fields, primarily capturing subjective and evaluative aspects of human experience. The construction-based network highlights dynamic interactions among these significant collexeme pairs, showcasing semantically interconnected collexeme pairs forming cohesive constructional families. Furthermore, these semantic groupings underscore the crucial role of metaphorical extension in creating larger semantic clusters for higher-level linguistic generalization. The emergence of semantic coherences from both networks reflects the evolving nature of linguistic generalizations, transitioning from low-level pivot schemas in the collexeme-based network to higher-order generalizations in the construction-based network. This study contributes to the field of usage-based grammar by emphasizing the fundamental role of sequentiality and interconnectedness between linguistic units in linguistic generalization.

Life values in Russia and China: Semantic analysis and comparison

The paper seeks to explore the core life values of people living in Russia and China using an online survey in the respondents’ native languages with samples of 887 and 559 participants from each country respectively, who were asked to think of three words associated ‘with something most important in life’. The word-association arrays were translated into English by an automatic translator; then we compared the frequencies of individual words or those of their meanings obtained using the Roget’s Thesaurus. The words ‘family’ and ‘love’ were the most frequent in both samples, but the frequencies of these and most of the other words from the semantic core of each sample differed significantly. Analyses at the level of semantic vectors showed that more than half of the meanings that Russian respondents described as important and more than a third of the meanings important to the Chinese respondents had significant differences in frequencies between the samples. The paper presents 62 semantic groups of the Roget’s Thesaurus, the frequencies of which are reliably different; these are the meanings in which the Chinese and Russian samples differ with regard to life values. There are also 26 semantic groups, the frequencies of which are statistically the same and comparatively high in both samples: these are the common meanings. The results may be used in the design of automatic and AI systems to reduce the intercultural barriers.

Anticausativization in Gyalrongic languages

Abstract This article presents a comprehensive survey of anticausativization within Gyalrongic languages, a group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in Sichuan, China, contributing significantly to our understanding of this phenomenon’s theoretical and diachronic underpinnings. The research affirms that anticausative alternation is predominantly associated with verbs that exhibit a change of state semantics. This categorization includes decausative and autocausative verbs, further subdivided in Gyalrongic languages into specific semantic groups such as Separation, Removal, Physical Transformation, etc. Certain verbs with agent-oriented meanings also undergo anticausative alternation, calling for a revision of previous claims. Gyalrongic languages demonstrate a unique trend in their use of anticausative marking, deviating from global patterns by avoiding the polyfunctional employment of these markers. The article traces the origins of anticausative marking to a spontaneous / non-volitional action prefix and identifies the emergence of a new non-volitional prefix that has overtones of anticausative marking, descending from an orientational / TAME prefix.

HOFIZ KHOREZMI’S "DEVON" AND PHYTONYMS

This article discusses one of the components of onomastics, phytomymics (phyto-Greek. Phyton-plant), and their usage in Hofiz Khorezmi’s "Devon." The study analyzes the skillful use of plant names by the poet for artistic purposes and the creation of artistic devices. Until now, the phytomymics in this work had not been the subject of study. During the analysis, the plant names used in Hofiz Khorezmi’s "Devon" are examined, categorized into semantic groups, and their variants—Arabic, Persian, and Turkic—are identified. Furthermore, the meanings these words convey in "Devon" are compared with how they were used in the works of Beruni, Mahmud Kashgari's "Devonu lug'otit turk," Alisher Navoi, and Babur. The forms of plant names used in the Uzbek literary language and how they are explained in the Uzbek explanatory dictionary are also analyzed. Examples are provided to explain phytomymics whose meanings have expanded today. The article compares how these phytomymics are explained in B.V. Miller's “Persian-Russian Dictionary,” the “Tajik-Russian Dictionary,” and the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Uzbek Language," conducting an etymological analysis. Additionally, the poetic devices created through these phytomymics are explained with examples. Each phytonym is given a specific definition. For example, "Isiriq" is a perennial wild plant from the family Zygophyllaceae. It contains alkaloids and is used in folk medicine for its healing properties, including being burned as incense. In modern Uzbek, the word "isiriq" has served as the root for words like "isiriqdon" (incense burner) and "isiriqchi" (incense seller). The word "isiriq" was borrowed from Persian into Old Uzbek. In "Devon," this borrowed word appears seven times in the sense of "isiriq" and "isiriq seed." This information enriches the article. The study holds significant value in examining the lexicon of the work. The materials researched in the article will be useful in creating the “Dictionary of the Language of Hofiz Khorezmi’s Devon," the "Dictionary of Borrowed Words in Uzbek," and the "Dictionary of Written Monuments," as well as in teaching specialized courses to students in the philology faculties of higher educational institutions.

ІНТЕРАКТИВНА КАРТА МІКРОТОПОНІМІВ СЕЛА ВЕЛИКІ ДІДУШИЧІ ЯК ЗАСІБ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОНІМІВ

In the proposed article the authors presents an interactive map of microtoponyms of the village of Velyki Didushychi, Stryi district, Lviv region, created in Google Maps application, which serves as a platform not only for displaying cartographic information, but also as a source of various linguistic information about microtoponyms. On the example of one settlement, the step-by-step process of creating a map is traced: searching in the «My Maps» section on Google Drive for a map of the village, naming, filling with information about the settlement in the «Description» section, putting the onym on the map, presenting various linguistic information about the microtoponym (features of local pronunciation, grammatical information, type of named object, type of structure, method of formation, semantics of the motivational stem, etc.). The authors emphasises the possibilities of using interactive maps for various research needs: division into semantic groups, selection of structural types, methods of creation, formation of areas of microtoponyms, which is demonstrated by examples. Attention is focused on the key definitions of the research (interactive map, microtoponym), supplementing the created interactive map with new names and extra-linguistic information (photos, videos, legends, stories), which broadens the perception of the name and contributes to the interest of a much larger number of people, as well as on the possibilities the use of such an information platform in the educational process of philological specialties during the study of dialectology, microtoponymy, linguistic and cultural studies (in particular in the of distant or mixed learning), in the compilation of local history guides, and in learning the history of one’s native village.

A Novel Perturbation Consistency Framework in Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

Semi-supervised medical image segmentation models often face challenges such as empirical mismatch and data imbalance. Traditional methods, like the two-stream perturbation model, tend to over-rely on strong perturbation, leaving weak perturbation and labeled images underutilized. To overcome these challenges, we propose an innovative hybrid copy-paste (HCP) method within the strong perturbation branch, encouraging unlabeled images to learn more comprehensive semantic information from labeled images and narrowing the empirical distribution gap. Additionally, we integrate contrastive learning into the weak perturbation branch, where contrastive learning samples are selected through semantic grouping contrastive sampling (SGCS) to address memory and variance issues. This sampling strategy ensures more effective use of weak perturbation data. This approach is particularly advantageous for pixel segmentation tasks with severely limited labels. Finally, our approach is validated on the public ACDC (Automated Cardiac Diagnosis Challenge) dataset, achieving a 90.6% DICE score, with just 7% labeled data. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in improving segmentation performance with limited labeled data.

Students' perceptions of well-being

BACKGROUND: In today's society, there is a need to explore strategies for attaining and improving overall well-being. This exploration requires an examination of perceptions of well-being in different social groups. First and second-year students in higher education institutions represent the future social capital of the nation. Understanding the factors that contribute to their sense of well-being is essential, as it can determine their future social interactions and behaviors. AIM: to identify the content of students’ perceptions of well-being. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 258 first- and second-year university students. The main research method was a modified free association technique, where students were asked to provide three associations in the form of verbs, adjectives, and nouns, resulting in a total of nine associations per participant. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis and calculation of ranks. RESULTS: A total of 2322 associations were identified among students. These associations were then organized to form 51 associative groups, which were further combined into 16 semantic groups for meaningful interpretation. The concept of "well-being" was analyzed within a structured semantic space, focusing on emotional and motivational-need characteristics. The semantic space of the concept of “well-being” is structured according to emotional and motivational-need characteristics. The emotional component of well-being encompasses a range of positive emotions with varying degrees of intensity. On the other hand, the motivational-need component primarily addressed needs related to physical comfort, safety, basic life support, and material support. CONCLUSION: In the content of university students’ perceptions about well-being, the emotional sphere holds the most significant position. Students associate well-being with feelings of calm joy, happiness and emotional stability. Additionally, perceptions of well-being are centered around fulfilling basic and material needs.

Features of the part-speech composition of terms of international air law in English and Russian languages

The work reveals a problem of the part-of-speech composition in terms of the English and Russian languages in international air law. The study presents an analysis of the parts of speech included in the term structure in international air law according to the criterion of certain terminological field. The purpose of the study is to determine the most characteristic part-of-speech composition for the terms of several groups, identified on the basis of a common field in terminological systems Russian and English. This principle of analysis helps to compare terminological groups in different language systems. The objectives of the study were to identify the frequency of a certain part-ofspeech structure for the terms of the Russian and English languages. The work presents an empirical study, which prove that the proposed version of the analysis makes it possible to compare each lexical and semantic group in the English language with the Russian language in terms of the frequency of a certain part-of-speech structure; to identify the main dynamics in certain part-ofspeech structures in the English and Russian terminological systems of international air law. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made: comparative analysis of the partof-speech structure based on the criterion of a single semantic core within the branch of international air law is the most objective criterion that allows the comparison of terms from two different language systems within the framework of cross-linguistic research; part-of-speech structures of terms are directly related to the structural features of the Russian and English languages.

PHRASEOLOGISMS WITH THE "BREAD" COMPONENT AS MARKERS OF UKRAINIAN LINGUOMENTALITY (FEATURES OF USAGE IN MASS MEDIA TEXTS)

The article deals with phraseological units with the "bread" component, which are actively used in the texts of mass media messages. The semantic groups of such idioms are analyzed, as well as their inherent property of actualizing the idea of the food culture of Ukrainians, their worldview, mentality, etc. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe the features of media phraseological units (PHUs), namely those containing the "bread" component, which required the completion of tasks: to single out the phraseological array in media texts for the period of 2021-2024, where special attention was focused on phrasemes with gustatives; to identify PHUs that have a "bread" component in their structure and to find out the semantic content of such units in the media space. The object of the study was headlines and texts with phraseology in Ukrainian electronic editions of national and regional media, the subject was the peculiarities of the implementation of such units in the mass media. To achieve the goal, the work used a descriptive method, elements of component analysis (using which the semantic structure of the meaning of phraseological units was established); a quantitative method that made it possible to compare and generalize the obtained results. The work examines the verbal expression of the "bread" component as a linguistic marker through the development of dictionaries of phraseological units. A semantic analysis of phraseological units is presented, the most used in speech are identified, which reveal character traits, behavior, moral qualities, traditions and customs of Ukrainians, illustrate various life and everyday situations through food culture, and present a linguistic picture of the world. The significant cultural and national potential of such phraseological units is also emphasized. The peculiarities of the implementation and functioning of phraseological units with the "bread" component in the headlines and texts of Ukrainian electronic media are clarified, where they maximally reveal their influential power, which consists in the ability to attract the attention of the reader, evoke emotions, be remembered, as well as in the property of comprehensive display the current meaning of the message. As a result of the research, it was found that the most frequent phrases in newspaper materials are the phraseological units with the "bread" component to indicate the positive qualities of Ukrainians, in particular hard work, hospitality, good-naturedness and generosity, and PHUs were also frequent, reflecting the struggle for justice and the hard efforts of Ukrainians to survive in the conditions war.

ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ ГЛАГОЛОВ: ОСНОВЫ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ, РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the lexical and semantic group of verbs. Various classifications of lexical and semantic groups of verbs of the Russian language, as well as their features, are considered. The article presents various research approaches to the study of this field of linguistics by famous linguists: L.M. Vasilyeva, Yu.D. Apresyan, A.A., Kuznetsova, N.Yu. Shvedova N.Yu., etc.

DYNAMICS OF NICKNAMES OF RUSSIAN SERVICEMEN

Currently, the life of military societas is of an increased interest in society in various issues, in particular – the peculiarities of communication of the language personality of the said society’s representative. The article is devoted to the analysis of the variability of nicknames of modern Russian servicemen. The research material included the linguistic and lexis obtained by questioning and by direct interviewing of cadets of Russian military higher educational institutions in two stages with a time interval of 8 years, which allows drawing objective and reliable conclusions on the nature of the dynamics of the existence of nickname nominations in military societas. Semantic groups of nicknames, characteristics of the structure, features of functioning, psychological attitude of the carriers and the environment are given. Based on the comparative analysis, conclusions were drawn about the similar and distinctive features of existence and the variability of unofficial military anthroponyms. The results of the study make it possible to identify such features of a language personality as the specificity of human perception in military communication, priority characteristics of the personality as a whole, and features of associative thinking. The research materials can be used to conduct seminars and special courses in both civilian and military higher educational institutions. The experience presented is also important for further research in the field of onomastics, sociolinguistics and linguoculturology.

Additive and Causal Connectives in GFL Argumentative Writing

The main objective of foreign language learning and teaching is the development of communicative language competence. One of its key components is discourse competence which consists of three main elements: cohesion, coherence and text composition (Bagarić Medve and Pavičić Takač 2013). The development of writing skills is acknowledged as one of the main challenges in foreign language learning and teaching, which includes the appropriate usage of cohesive devices in order to tackle the semantic relationships within a text. In German, explicit cohesive devices refer to coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions and adverbial connectors. While a bulk of previous research has focused on English as a foreign language, the studies conducted among the learners of German are still scarce Earlier studies (e.g. Breindl 2016; Vaakanainen and Maijala 2022) pointed to a limited range of variations within the same semantic group and an inappropriate use of connectives when comparing their usage between native speakers and learners of German as a foreign language (GFL). The aim of the present study is to analyse the frequency, variation and errors of causal and additive connectives (coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions and adverbial connectors) in GFL argumentative writing. The corpus consists of 43 argumentative essays written by Croatian GFL students at B2 level. The findings concerning frequency show that additional connectives are most frequently used within the whole corpus, whereas causal connectives take third place. The additive coordinating conjunction und is the most frequent additive item, the subordinating conjunction weil is the most frequently used causal item. The results connected to variation point to a wider range in the use of additional connectives in comparison to causal, but also reveal more error recognition within the additive semantic group. The most common types of errors concerning connectors detected in the corpus are as follows: syntax, meaning, spelling/punctuation, redundancy and register. In order to utilize these research findings aiming at improving the writing skills of GFL students in the learning/instructional process, practical implications are presented at the end.

Номинативное поле концепта МОШЕННИК в русской языковой картине мира

The purpose of the study is to identify, based on the material of substantive vocabulary, the core of the nominative field of the concept of FRAUDSTER in the framework of modeling the cognitive structure of the situation of fraudulent interaction. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in it the phenomenon of fraud is studied for the first time in the aspect of its linguocognitive interpretation – as a conceptual field with a propositional structure. The article defines and analyzes for the first time the lexical and semantic paradigms of nominations of persons involved in a fraudulent act. As a result, a variety of substances objectifying the phenomenon of fraud has been revealed. The high productivity of the fraudster's designations by type of activity in the modern media space was noted. A wide range of multilevel linguistic units has been found, marking the "falsity", "imaginary" social status of a fraudster. The active updating of the composition of lexical and semantic groups under the influence of extralinguistic factors, in particular the processes of digitalization of modern society, has been revealed. For the first time, collocations reflecting the associative rapprochement of a fraudster with other offenders in the Russian language consciousness are analyzed. The high pragmatic potential of the substantives forming the nominative field of the concept of FRAUDSTER is substantiated.

Estrategias para la Generación de Productos de Nuevo Conocimiento y de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento, En Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo y Gestión Ambiental

Goal: This study aimed to conduct a thorough review of the scientific literature, meticulously identifying the diverse approaches, attributes, and logical schemes used to understand the intricate dynamics of organizational culture. Theoretical framework: The principles of meta-analysis were used for the bibliographic survey to contemplate all theories and theoretical fields contained in studies on organizational culture so that a faithful representation of its conceptual scope could be obtained. Method: The conceptual bibliographic method was used in its four stages: formulation of the problem, data collection in international scientific databases, analysis and organization of the data, and consequent generation of answers to the investigation's guiding questions. Results and discussion: The results indicated the existence of 27 distinct approaches, which can be organized into seven semantic groups. One hundred-two attributes were also found, which generated ten semantic groups. The logic found is that organizational culture manifests itself through sharing its members' mental content and configuring physical and extraphysical spaces. Implications of the research: These findings shed new light on organizational culture by characterizing it as an extraphysical phenomenon that manifests itself physically, confirming new theoretical fields about organizations, such as spiritual and interpsychic dimensions. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of organizational culture by showing that rites, myths, beliefs, values, and others are merely distinct forms of manifestation of a phenomenon that is intrinsically and extrinsically non-material.

Navigating cancer care through digital dialogue: Analyzing key phrases shared by patients in real-time exchange messages using an electronic patient-reported outcome measure (ePROM).

e13661 Background: Cancer is a complex ailment, giving rise to a myriad of symptoms, side effects, and questions that may arise unexpectedly. There is a growing interest in adopting more efficient approaches for the continuous monitoring of patients, particularly through virtual platforms. This study focuses on analyzing the word frequency in the context of cancer assistance using an ePROM. Methods: We conducted an analysis of an ePROM embedded in a mobile app designed for monitoring patients undergoing cancer treatment. Developed collaboratively by medical oncologists and software engineers, this app empowers patients to document their symptoms, quality of life, emotions, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations. Upon app registration, patients willingly share their data with their medical team, along with essential demographic information. A standout feature is the online chat facilitating real-time communication with the medical team, consolidating all information securely in one place. This patient-centric app is provided free of charge. Our study involved a retrospective and descriptive analysis focusing solely on data related to exchanged messages in the online chat between cancer patients and the medical team. These conversations spanned from February 2022 to January 2024 and included patients referred by physicians recommending our platform. The analysis centered on the frequency of non-technical words used in real-time conversations, clustered into semantic groups. Results: Our findings revealed a total exchange of 470,597 words across 684 conversations over a two-year period. In the healthcare context, the most frequent words were categorized as follows: 1) Seeking in-person assistance (568; 0.12%): hospital (424 mentions), emergency (82), urgent/urgency (51), and primary care (UBS, Portuguese acronym) (11); 2) Doubts regarding anything (979; 0.20%): doubt (694 mentions) and question (285); 3) Non-technical one-word symptoms (5213; 1.10%): pain (1821 mentions), nausea (961), tiredness (514), diarrhea (428), vomit (364), fever (304), cough (221), numbness (197), dizziness (162), insomnia (130), constipation (101), and wheezing (10). Conclusions: Our analysis showed two key insights: first, doubts persist throughout treatment, intertwined with the management of side effects; and second, the burden on patients is substantial, whether stemming from uncertainty about the next steps or the necessity for in-person assistance. Cancer's mental and physical toll underscores the importance of having a readily available team to provide guidance, even on simple instructions. In this light, virtual platforms may represent the future of care delivery. Continuous patient monitoring emerges as pivotal for enhancing healthcare assistance, treatment, and outcomes across various cancer types.

Words with the Prefix De- in the Ukrainian Online Media: Structure, Semantics, Tonality

The article is devoted to the analysis of the words with the prefix de- used in the language of mass media before the war (basing on the materials of Den newspaper published in September 2021) and during the war (on the example of Den newspaper materials published in October-November 2022 and some other online media). The research provides structural and semantic, etymological, statistical analysis and studies the tone expressed by the examined lexemes found in the texts. The prefix de- originates from Latin and means negation in the new-formed words. In the 51 materials of Den newspaper devoted to the economic and political events of the pre-war period (September 2021), 6 words with prefix de- were found. During the war, 19 units, including 4 units which were often repeated at the beginning of the persiod, were found in the analyzed resources. These lexemes are divided into three semantic groups, namely 1) downward movement, decline; 2) reduction, cancellation; 3) elimination, liquidation. It is marked that since the Russian invasion to Ukrainian, journalists have started to actively use the words directly related with the war: demilitarization, demobilization, demoralization, denazification, denationalization, deoccupation, desatanization, destabilization. The lexemes demilitarization, denazification, denationalization, desatanization express irony in the materials of Ukrainian journalists because these words are used by the aggressor to justify goals of the military invasion to Ukraine. In the majority of words, the prefix de- is used to make a word negative, but if a word is initially of negative meaning, the new-formed word with the prefix de- gets positive semantics. Most lexemes with the prefix de- attribute the text with a positive tone. Nevertheless, there are sentences with a negative, a neutral and an ironic tone. According to the etymology, almost all words with prefix de- are of foreign origin. According to the way of formation, the words with the prefix de- are divided into 1) those formed from nouns by adding the prefix; 2) those formed from verbs by adding the suffix. It is confirmed that lexemes like detoxification, de-shadowing, decommunization, destabilization, deregulation, demonopolization are not found in the Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language in eleven volumes, but are recorded in the Dictionary in twenty volumes. It means that these words have been first used in the 21st century. The lexemes de-Stalinization, desatanization, de-russification, depigmentation, deoccupation, debureaucratization are not found among the words registered in these explanatory dictionaries.

Equivalent sentiment measures for cross-language analysis of corporate communications

This paper presents a technique for sentiment measurement in many languages. The method allows researchers to efficiently analyze corporate documents, management reports, and financial statements using python. When the texts are written in many languages, the method extracts equivalent cross-linguistic sentiment features that can be used for statistical analysis or machine learning. We use Open Multilingual WordNet, a large lexicon organizing words into semantic groups, as the knowledge base about word equivalence in more than 200 languages. We experiment with a parallel English-French corpus and find that our senitment measures across the two languages are comparable. The method produces a consistent classification of positive and negative texts in two languages, and sentiment measure values correlate. The paper provides a detailed account of the method and python code, So that it can be applied to other languages, text mining, quantitative communication studies, and management research.•Method to create equivalent sentiment measures in multiple languages•Based on established lexicons and WordNet•Validated for English and French

Reflexivity patterns in West-Slavic languages

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse differences in reflexive coding in Slovak, Czech and Polish and to evaluate the factors responsible for using phonologically more or less complex reflexive markers. To address this issue, we looked at preferred reflexive coding strategies in Slovak, Czech, and Polish, relying on data extracted from InterCorp multilingual corpus. The results are then verified by data from monolingual corpora of investigated languages for one semantic group of verbs labelled as ‘Prevarication’ in FrameNet. The results show that semantic frame underlying the meaning of lexical items cannot be the only possible explanation for distribution of reflexive markers but there are also other semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors playing a pivotal role in reflexive coding strategies, often unique for a given language.

SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF HOMONYMOUS NOUNS OF THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE

The article explores the semantic features of homonyms and the methods used to differentiate them in speech. A comprehensive sampling from the explanatory dictionaries Duden (2023), Langenscheidt (2019), and Wahrig (2018) revealed 2,128 homonymous nouns, which were grouped into 1,018 homonymous series. A component analysis of these homonymous nouns indicated that the majority refer to people or groups of people, as well as artificial objects. Other significant lexical-semantic groups, in descending order, encompass human social status, place names, fauna, mechanisms and devices, food and drink, measurements, actions, flora, art, language, human attributes, buildings, abstract concepts, natural things, and spatial objects. Statistical analysis shows that concrete concepts are more likely to be listed as the first or second homonym in the dictionary, while abstract concepts typically appear in third to fifth positions. This pattern reflects a broader principle in human activity organization, including language, where development progresses from simple to complex, from familiar to unfamiliar, and from observable to abstract. It has been determined that, in the majority of cases (86%), homonyms belong to different lexical and semantic groups, providing a natural form of differentiation within the language system. Homonyms that belong to the same lexical-semantic group are distinguished by factors such as grammatical gender, different plural forms, and social, regional, stylistic, or chronological markers. These distinctions enable a clear understanding of their meanings, reducing the ambiguity traditionally associated with homonymy. This observation suggests that the common belief that homonymy is a significant obstacle to communication may be overstated, as the above-mentioned factors allow for effective differentiation, ensuring that the risk of misinterpretation is not as frequent as one might expect.

The name of educational institutions in the pedagogical discourse of F. A. Vigdorova (based on the works of 1950-1960)

The object is the prose of 1950-1960 by F. A. Vigdorova. The subject is the words representing the concept of "EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS". The aim is to identify the role of the names of educational institutions in the pedagogical discourse of F. A. Vigdorova (based on the material of the prose of 1950-1960). Methods: linguistic observation, description, interpretation, statistical calculation, elements of component analysis. It is established that the lexical and semantic field of the concept "EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS" consists of lexical and semantic groups (LSG): LSG "Secondary educational institutions", LSG "Secondary specialized educational institutions", LSG "Higher educational institutions". The first LSG is the most frequent, which indicates its special importance in the mental and linguistic complex of the linguistic personality of F. A. Vigdorova, broadcasting the pedagogical views of the writer, in particular, about the key role of school in the formation of a child's personality. However, no less important are the second and third LSGs, expressing the pragmatic, moral, ideological, and social attitudes of F. A. Vigdorova. The relevance of the article is due to the interest of scientists in considering the concept of "EDUCATION"; referring to the role of the names of educational institutions in the pedagogical discourse of the writer in forming ideas about the peculiarities of a certain fragment of the linguistic picture of the world by F. A. Vigdorova; researching the language of works F. A. Vigdorova from the point of view of the anthropocentric approach, its lack of study, makes the novelty of the work. The results of allow us to expand our understanding of the specifics of F. A. Vigdorova's worldview, the features of her conceptual sphere, and identify the leading features of the writer's idiosyncrasy in prose of the 1950s and 1960s.