Semantic Differential Method Research Articles

Evaluation of urban wetland landscapes based on a comprehensive model — a comparative study of three urban wetlands in Hangzhou, China

Urban wetlands constitute an integral part of urban ecosystems. Unsurprisingly, wetland landscapes affect the frequency with which urban residents visit wetland areas. Objectively evaluating the beauty of landscapes and exploring the factors that influence their perceived beauty can inform urban wetland landscape design. This study selects three wetlands located in the core, fringe, and suburban areas of Hangzhou, respectively: Xixi wetland, Tongjian Lake wetland, and Qingshan Lake wetland. To explore the impact of ecological design techniques on the scenic beauty of wetlands, the selected wetlands were used to conduct field investigations. In addition, the wetland landscapes were submitted to public evaluations using scenic beauty estimation (SBE). At the same time, the factors affecting the beauty of the wetland landscape were quantified using the semantic differential (SD) method, and the impact paths of ecological design and plant diversity on scenic beauty were analyzed through the structural equation model (SEM). The results indicated that plant richness, cultural expression, color harmony, and coordination of landscape elements have both a significant and positive impact on the scenic beauty of urban wetlands. By way of contrast, habitat diversity had a significant yet negative impact. Across the three urban wetlands, ecological design techniques were found to significantly improve plant diversity and scenic beauty. This study demonstrated that the application of well-thought-out ecological design methods was conducive to the integration of environmental protection, landscape aesthetics, and the sustainable utilization of urban wetlands in the rapid urbanization process, providing a reference for urban wetland landscape conservation, planning, and design.

Visual-Tactile Perception of Biobased Composites.

Biobased composites offer unique properties in the context of sustainable material production as well as end-of-life disposal, which places them as viable alternatives to fossil-fuel-based materials. However, the large-scale application of these materials in product design is hindered by their perceptual handicaps and understanding the mechanism of biobased composite perception, and its constituents could pave the way to creating commercially successful biobased composites. This study examines the role of bimodal (visual and tactile) sensory evaluation in the formation of biobased composite perception through the Semantic Differential method. It is observed that the biobased composites could be grouped into different clusters based on the dominance and interplay of various senses in perception forming. Attributes such as Natural, Beautiful, and Valuable are seen to correlate with each other positively and are influenced by both visual and tactile characteristics of the biobased composites. Attributes such as Complex, Interesting, and Unusual are also positively correlated but dominated by visual stimuli. The perceptual relationships and components of beauty, naturality, and value and their constituent attributes are identified, along with the visual and tactile characteristics that influence these assessments. Material design leveraging these biobased composite characteristics could lead to the creation of sustainable materials that would be more attractive to designers and consumers.

Research on Public Space Micro-Renewal Strategy of Historical and Cultural Blocks in Sanhe Ancient Town under Perception Quantification

The public space environment of historical and cultural blocks is inseparable from human activities, which affects tourists’ behavior and perception activities. Through the evaluation of tourists’ environmental behavior perception, the relationship between spatial characteristics and tourists’ perception is fully considered, which plays an important role in the protection and development of public space in historical and cultural blocks. This paper takes the historical and cultural block of Sanhe Ancient Town in Hefei as the research area, focusing on the public space of the block. Through the analysis of the semantic differential method and eye movement legal quantitative analysis, from the angle of psychological perception and visual perception, we carried out an analysis of the historical and cultural block’s public space, and built the double sense of a comprehensive evaluation system of parsing the historical and cultural blocks with the whole situation of public space and the rule of the performance. The results show that: (1) the visual perception preference for spatial elements is in the order of architectural structure > green landscape > architectural decoration > commercial activities > participants > pavement > street furniture > others. (2) There is a significant correlation but not a complete convergence of psychological perception and visual perception. (3) Buildings, structures, and space formats play a key role in creating a sense of space scale, with the former playing a positive role and the latter a negative role. (4) The visual attraction of a green landscape is strong and can improve the visual quality of space. The research found that there are evaluation differences between the visual perception and psychological perception of spatial elements, which are significantly correlated but not fully convergent. Through quantitative analysis and the interpretation of tourists’ perception from different perspectives, we can take relevant improvement and optimization measures for many deficiencies of public space in historical and cultural districts.

Word and color impressions measured with normal and simulated deutan color stimulus sets in color vision normal and deuteranopic observers.

Impressions of nine semantic words expressing abstract meanings were measured by a color selection process using twelve hues from vivid tone in the Practical Color Coordinate System (PCCS) as well as White, Grey and Black (as a normal color stimulus set) in a paired comparison method (Experiment 1). Color impressions were rated using 35 paired words in a semantic differential (SD) method (Experiment 2). The data of ten color vision normal (CVN) and four deuteranopic observers were analyzed separately by principal component analysis (PCA). Our previous study [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A37, A181 (2020)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.382518] using these methods indicated that deuteranopes could understand the impression of all colors if the color names can be recognized, even if deuteranopes cannot perceive redness and greenness. In this study, we also used a simulated deutan color stimulus set in which colors were modified to simulate the color appearance in deuteranopes by using Brettel-Viénot-Mollon's model to investigate how these simulated deutan colors would be treated by the deutan observers. In the CVN and deutan observers, color distributions of the principal component (PC) loading values in Experiment 1 were close to the PCCS hue circle in the normal colors, and those of the simulated deutan colors could be fitted by ellipses, but there were wide gaps of 73.7° (CVNs) and 89.5° (deutan) where only "White" existed. The word distributions as the PC score values could also be fitted by ellipses and are moderately similar between stimulus sets, but the fitting ellipses were considerably compressed in the minor axis directions in the deutan observers, although categories of words were similar between observer groups. The word distributions in Experiment 2 were not statistically different between the observer groups and the stimulus sets. The color distribution of the PC score values were statistically different, but tendencies of the color distributions were similar between observers. The color distributions of the normal colors could be fitted by ellipses, similar to the hue circle, and those of the simulated deutan colors could be fitted by cubic function curves. These results suggest that both of the stimulus sets were perceived as one dimensional and as a monotonic series of colors by a deuteranope, but the deuteranope can recognize the difference of the stimulus sets and recall the color distributions of each set, similar to those in the CVN observers.

The Cognitive Aspect of Hope in the Semantic Space of Male Patients Dying of Cancer.

The aim of this study is to characterize the cognitive aspect of the semantic space of hope in patients in the terminal stage of cancer. This was confirmed in the research on hope by C. R. Snyder and B. Schrank. Hope is of great importance in all the great world religions and belief systems, both as regards a personal God or impersonal deities. Hoping is a human capacity with varying affective, cognitive and behavioral dimensions. Psychological, pedagogical (particularly in the framework of special needs pedagogy and thanatological pedagogy) and theological reflection on hope can provide support for dying people. In order to conduct the research, the semantic differential research method was selected. The research technique employed was a therapeutic conversation, and the research tool was the B.L. Block's DSN-3 test. The DSN-3 test allows one to assess hope in the semantic space in three aspects: cognitive, emotional and functional. For the purposes of this study, only the cognitive aspect was taken into account. The study was begun on 1 April 2010 and ended in the last days of December 2020. It included 110 male patients in the terminal stage of cancer. The youngest respondent was 19 years old and the oldest was 94 years old. The surveyed men most often perceived hope in the semantic space in the cognitive aspect as more true, wise, meaningful and real than false, stupid, meaningless and deceptive. Their attitude to hope was, therefore, more affirmative than negative. The research did not reveal the importance of the age of the respondents on the degree of affirmation/negation of hope in the cognitive aspect in the semantic space; however, men in the period of late maturity and professional activity expressed the lowest level of the affirmation of hope. It is worthwhile to conduct further research concerning hope in other aspects (especially emotional and functional) in the semantic space in order to use the obtained results to consider what to take into account when providing patients in the terminal stage of cancer with better personalized holistic care than before.

ЭТНО-ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ РУССКИХ И КИТАЙЦЕВ

The article considers variation of social stereotypes within four ethnic-gender groups: Chinese males, Chinese females, Russian males, Russian females. The authors carried out the study as a cross-group experiment using the semantic differential method. The participants (30 pers. in each group, 120 pers. in total) evaluated the attributes of appearance, character and intellect of each group considered. The data analysis showed complex interaction between the ethnic and gender factors: the ethnic factor is more important for the Chinese subjects (both males and females), while the gender factor is the leading one for the Russian females. The types of attributes that are stereotypically referred to different groups and are preferably used by different groups also vary. Thus, appearance attributes are mostly used for describing females; the Chinese participants evaluate ethnic-gender groups using the character and appearance attributes; the Russian females evaluate ethnic-gender groups using the intellect attributes. Chinese and Russian females, both as an evaluating subject and an object of evaluation, are more “stereotypical” (females evaluate other groups using a wider range of attributes, and stereotypes about females include more attributes than stereotypes about males). Males as an object of evaluation are less stereotyped than females and, at the same time, perceive social groups less stereotypically. Almost no stable stereotypes were revealed about the Russian males. Overall, the results indicate that in each particular case of social categorization attributing stereotype features to different groups is a complex cognitive process determined by a unique combination of various factors.

Physiological and Psychological Responses of Viewing a Waterfall Image: A Crossover Study

Growing interest in the relaxation effect of nature has elicited demands for scientific verification of the various natural elements. This study investigated the physiological and psychological responses of 27 females in their 20 s to viewing a waterfall and urban images (control) presented via a large, high-resolution display for 90 s. High-frequency [HF] for parasympathetic nervous activity and the ratio of low-frequency (LF)/[LF + HF] for sympathetic nervous activity by heart rate variability and heart rate were recorded. Simultaneous changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration in the prefrontal cortex were recorded by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. The modified semantic differential method and Profile of Mood States Second Edition were used to assess the psychological effects on the participants after viewing each image. The results showed that viewing the waterfall image, compared with viewing the urban image, (1) increased sympathetic nervous activity; (2) provided comfortable, relaxed, and natural impressions; (3) improved mood states. In conclusion, visual contact with a waterfall image physiologically activated sympathetic nervous activity and psychologically evoked positive moods and feelings.

Distance Learning of Geographic Information Systems Using Google Classroom: Students’ Assessment and Perception

Distance education at universities during the COVID-19 pandemic was implemented through various so-called learning management systems (LMSs). These environments are primarily used for teacher–student communication, assignment, and sharing of learning materials, testing, and assessment. This article aims to evaluate the Google Classroom environment’s perception by university students of the courses Teaching Academic Subjects and Geography, forced to study through distance learning during the second half of the semester. Students filled out a questionnaire focused on the perception and evaluation of the Google Classroom environment at the end of the semester. The students were divided into two groups, depending on whether they worked in the Google Classroom environment for the first time or not. The results were evaluated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the semantic differential method. The results show students’ positive attitudes toward this environment, even though some were working with it for the first time. The perception and identification of the strengths and weaknesses of learning environments are essential in their future use in creating curricula and analysis of possible further use in other subjects or situations.

Effect of an illegal open dump in an urban forest on landscape appreciation.

Rubbish in a forest environment is a great threat to this ecosystem, but this threat may also apply to the lost benefits for visitors to the forest. Previous studies proved that forest areas have a positive effect on obtaining psychological relaxation in the people visiting them. However, it was not known whether this restorative experience could be disturbed in any way by the presence of an open dump in the forest. To check how the presence of a landfill affects the visitors, an experiment was planned in which the respondents observed a forest area with a landfill and a forest landscape without a landfill for 15 minutes (control). The respondents then assessed the landscape using the semantic differential method and the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). An analysis of these observations showed that the presence of a landfill in the forest significantly changed the appreciation of the landscape by the respondents, the values of positive experiences decreased, and the negative experiences increased. Restorativeness was also reduced. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the presence of garbage in the forest may interrupt the restorative experience of its visitors.

The Problems of the Interactive Approach in the Actual Theory and Practice of Teaching

The article is a generalization and analysis of materials devoted to the actual problem of interactive learning. Introduction. The interest of scientists and educators in the topic of interactivity was recorded at the end of the twentieth century, but at that time the authors considered such learning as a form of interaction between students and the educational environment. In the present period, the specificity of which is due to global digitalization, both interactive learning itself and its interpretation have been transformed. Today, interactive learning is comprehended through various definitions: method, technology, approach, form, means. This testifies to the heterogeneity of approaches to understanding the theoretical foundations, as well as the practice-oriented possibilities of the described phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to determine the essential characteristics of interactive learning, to clarify the methodology that ensures productive implementation – both on the part of teachers and on the part of students. The target orientation of the material also determined its novelty. Materials and research methods. The study uses the semantic differential method for a comparative assessment of the characteristics of classes with students of a pedagogical university, conducted both in traditional and interactive forms. Specific results of the study. Analysis of the data showed that students prefer the interactive form of learning, highly appreciating its characteristics such as activity, collectivity, subjectivity, etc. In traditional classes, respondents noted such characteristics as passivity, monologue, regimentation, etc. Discussion of the research results. The data indicate the need to increase in the process of preparing students for classes in an interactive format. This is especially true for future teachers, who in their future professional activities will themselves have to rely on this format of learning and communication. Conclusions and prospects of the study. In general, the study confirms the need for further understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical approaches related to interactive learning, which also implies a conscious transformation of the positions of the subjects of the educational process. Keywords: interactive learning, conceptual analysis, the specifics of teaching in an interactive format, students of a pedagogical university, future teachers

Residents’ Preferences to Multiple Sound Sources in Urban Park: Integrating Soundscape Measurements and Semantic Differences

Urban parks provide their residents with a space for activities and interactions, and soundscapes play an important role in influencing the residents’ sense of experience of the park environment, with the result that the preferences of residents regarding multiple sound sources can be used as the basis of improving the soundscape quality and optimizing the function of urban parks. Using Shanghai Century Park as the research area, this study focused on the residents’ preference to multiple sound sources based on registered residence differences, and comprehensively used the semantic differential method, importance-performance analysis model, and multinomial logit model to conduct quantitative research on urban park soundscapes and combined the measurement results of the soundscape with the residents’ perception and preference. The results showed that the artificial sounds in Century Park were noisy during the morning and evening peak, while the human sounds were noisy when residents gathered in the park. There was a close relationship between the favorability and subjective loudness of urban park soundscapes, and the residents’ perceptions of urban park soundscapes substantially differed in terms of loudness, tone, and sense of belonging, whereas the differences in the perception of timbre, coverage, and sound source distance were relatively small. Furthermore, it is necessary to enhance the role of natural sounds as well as control the main noise-producing sound sources so that various sounds in the park will not interfere with each other; the optimization of soundscapes should also focus on the residents’ different soundscape preferences due to their individual characteristics.

Effects of visual stimulation using wooden-wall images with different amounts of knots on psychological and physiological responses

Wood is an important material used in decorating human living environment. Knots are prominent features found on wood surface. Moreover, they are commonly considered as undesirable surface defects, which reduce not only the mechanical properties but also the aesthetic qualities of lumber. The effects of visual stimulation using knotty wood on psychological responses among humans have been relatively well investigated. However, only few studies have assessed physiological responses. Hence, the present study aimed to assess whether knotty wood surface can reduce not only psychological but also physiological benefits for humans. Two full-sized knotty wooden-wall images and a clear wooden-wall image were used as visual stimuli using computer graphics techniques. Twenty-eight adult Japanese female university students viewed each image for 90 s in random order. During exposure to the visual stimuli, the oxyhemoglobin concentrations in the left and right prefrontal cortex and heart rate variability were consecutively measured and utilized as indicators of central and autonomic nervous system activities, respectively. In addition, the psychological effects of knotty images were examined using the modified semantic differential method and the Profile of Mood State 2nd Edition. There was no significant difference in the effects of the three images on physiological responses. All visual stimuli more or less promoted psychological comfort and relaxation. However, compared with the clear wooden-wall image, the wooden-wall image with several knots was associated with reduced psychological benefits, and the psychological responses in viewing the wooden-wall image with few knots did not remarkably differ.

Using Statistical Methods to Comparatively Analyze the Visual Characteristics of Flattened Bamboo Boards in Different Bamboo Culms.

Different flattened bamboo boards will produce different visual effects, which directly determine consumers’ preferences. However, their visual characteristics were unknown. To clarify the visual effects of flattened bamboo boards in different bamboo culms, the visual, physical, and psychological quantities were firstly studied using their quantitative color and glossiness measurements, combined with quantitative semantic differential and statistical methods. Key results revealed that the values of lightness L* and blue–yellow index b* from the base to the top of the bamboo culms tended to decrease gradually, while green–red index a* values exhibited an increasing trend, and glossiness GZL (GZT) showed no significant difference. The L* value of bamboo outer layer (30.18) was smaller than that of the outer (61.90) and the inner (68.68), which had an increasing trend from the outside to the inside of the bamboo culm, while the GZL (GZT) values corresponded to 6.07 (4.66), 4.51 (3.12), and 2.77 (2.55), showing an opposite trend. The a* and b* values present a rise-fall tendency. According to visual psychological assessment, the outer was reflected as an “artificial–decorative”, “smooth–warm”, and “comfort–sophisticated” feeling; the inner had an “artificial–practical”, “smooth–warm”, and “comfort–sophisticated” sense; the bamboo outer layer had an “nature–practical”, “rough–cold”, and “sick–primitive” sense. Furthermore, predictive models for visual psychological quantities were constructed. This work provides a theoretical data basis for furniture design and standard materials application of flattened bamboo boards.

Research on Sound Imagery of Electric Shavers Based on Kansei Engineering and Multiple Artificial Neural Networks

The electric shaver market in China reach 26.3 billion RMB by 2021. Nowadays, in addition to functional satisfaction, consumers are increasingly focused on the emotional imagery conveyed by products with multiple-senses, and electric shavers are not only shaped to attract consumers, but their product sound also conveys a unique emotional imagery. Based on Kansei engineering and artificial neural networks, this research explored the emotional imagery conveyed by the sound of electric shavers. First, we collected a wide sample of electric shavers in the market (230 types) and obtained the consumers’ perceptual vocabulary (85,710 items) through a web crawler. The multidimensional scaling method and cluster analysis were used to condense the sample into 34 representative samples and 3 groups of representative Kansei words; then, the semantic differential method was used to assess the users’ emotional evaluation values. The sound design elements (including item and category) of the samples were collected and classified using Heardrec Devices and ArtemiS 13.6 software, and, finally, multiple linear and non-linear correlation prediction models (four types) between the sound design elements of the electric shaver and the users’ emotional evaluation values were established by the quantification theory type I, general regression neural network, back propagation neural network, and genetic algorithm-based BPNN. The models were validated by paired-sample t-test, and all of them had good reliability, among which the genetic algorithm-based BPNN had the best accuracy. In this research, four linear and non-linear Kansei prediction models were constructed. The aim was to apply higher accuracy prediction models to the prediction of electric shaver sound imagery, while giving specific and accurate sound design metrics and references.

A New Configuration Method for Glass Substrate Transfer Robot Modules Based on Kansei Engineering

How to effectively match the relationship between users’ perceptual demands and the characteristics of industrial robot modules becomes a pressing issue when perceptual demands become a significant determinant of whether users purchase and employ industrial robots. In this regard, we propose a Kansei Engineering-based method for industrial robot module configuration, using the module design of a glass substrate transfer robot as an example. First, the method analyzes the perceptual demand characteristics of the target user, utilizing the semantic difference method, and then establishes a mapping relationship between the user’s perceptual demand and the robot design elements, utilizing the hierarchical inference method. On the basis of this mapping relationship, the robot module for transfer glass substrates is then designed. Finally, orthogonal design and conjoint analysis were used to effectively and objectively analyze user preferences for various module configuration alternatives. The results indicate that the industrial robot’s shape, color, and material are the three appearance characteristics that influence the user’s perceptual demands. The slender, rigid design features of the industrial robot, such as the streamlined drive shaft, lengthwise expanded body structure, integrated body structure, and hidden plugs, as well as the simple color scheme and smooth metal surface, are key elements in the industrial robot’s perceptual design. The turn shaft module and lift shaft module have respective weights of 35.040% and 31.120%, determining whether the glass substrate transfer robot can create a simple style. In the context of the widespread use of industrial robot modules, the methods and findings of this study offer new ideas for the design of industrial robot modules and broaden the research and applications of Kansei Engineering in module design.

Perceptual Quantitative Decision Making and Evaluation of Product Stylable Topology Design

Modeling is the primary point to conveying product characteristics. Accurately capturing the image needs of users for modeling is an important way to effectively improve product design efficiency. Quantitative theory type I is a method to solve the internal law between the user’s target image and the product modeling characteristics by building a mathematical model. Aiming at the problems of abundant product modeling design elements, diversified combination methods, and high design cost due to the subjective ambiguity of user images, a topological design method of product modeling based on quantification theory I is proposed. This method uses the semantic difference method and statistical method to obtain the quantitative data of perceptual semantic features of product modeling to represent the explicit and implicit needs of users. Based on the topological transformation, the topological analysis and modeling of the two types of requirements are carried out. The mapping model of product modeling features and style images is constructed using quantitative theory type I, and the topologic value of each modeling design element is calculated. The above method can effectively solve the mapping problem between product modeling features and style images. On this basis, this research provides a decision-making basis for product modeling design. Using a wine jug as a product exemplar for this research, the scheme design and evaluation are carried out to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the product modeling topological design method.

Interactive genetic color matching design of cultural and creative products considering color image and visual aesthetics

To optimize the colors used in cultural and creative products, this paper proposes a color matching design method that considers the color image and visual aesthetics. First, 99 color samples are identified based on Chinese traditional colors, and user preferences for 30 image semantic terms are measured by the semantic differential method. This leads to six color image factors being extracted by factor analysis. Second, quantitative analysis of the color visual aesthetics is applied, and formulas for calculating the harmony, balance, and symmetry are derived. On this basis, an interactive genetic algorithm is developed to promote and optimize the color scheme of cultural and creative products, and a fitness function based on subjective image evaluation and objective visual aesthetics is constructed. The subjective image evaluation adopts interval numbers, and a grayscale approach is used to measure the uncertainty of the subjective evaluation. Through grayscale analysis of the interval fitness values, information reflecting the evolutionary distribution of the population is extracted, before adaptive crossover and mutation probabilities are applied to the evolutionary individuals. Finally, the proposed method is verified through the example of color matching design for a speaker box. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively assist industrial designers.

Effectiveness of MP3 Coding Depends on the Music Genre: Evaluation Using Semantic Differential Scales

MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) is one of the most popular compression formats used for sound and especially for music. However, during the coding process, the MP3 algorithm negatively affects the spectral and dynamic characteristics of the audio file being compressed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect the MP3 coding format for different music genres and different bitrates via listening tests in which the original uncompressed files and the compressed files are compared. For this purpose, five different music genres were selected (rock, jazz, electronic, classical and solo instrument), and the files were compressed in three different bitrates (96 kbps, 160 kbps and 320 kbps). The semantic differential method was used, and ten bipolar scales were selected for the listening tests (e.g., better–worse, more distortion–less distortion, etc.). The following are the most important findings of this study: classical music was negatively affected the most among the genres due to the MP3 compression (lowest ratings in 8 out of 10 bipolar scales), the solo instrument was least affected among the genres (highest rating in 7 out of 10 bipolar scales), and for higher bit rates, the differences in ratings were small for all music genres. The findings of this study could be used to optimize and adapt the standard, depending on the music genre and the musical piece that needs to be encoded.

Color Design Decisions for Ceramic Products Based on Quantification of Perceptual Characteristics.

The appearance characteristics of ceramic color are an important factor in determining the user’s aesthetic perception of the product. Given the problem that ceramic color varies and the user’s visual sensory evaluation of color is highly subjective and uncertain, a method of quantifying ceramic color characteristics based on the Back Propagation (BP) neural network algorithm is proposed. The semantic difference method and statistical method were used to obtain quantified data from ceramic color perceptual semantic features and were combined with a neural network to study the association between ceramic color features and user perceptual-cognitive evaluation. A BP neural network was used to build a ceramic color perceptual semantic mapping model, using color semantic quantified values as the input layer, color L, A, and B component values as the output layer, and model training to predict the sample. The output color L, A, and B components are used as the input layer and the color scheme was designed. The above method can effectively solve the mapping problem between the appearance characteristics of ceramic color and perceptual semantics and provide a decision basis for ceramic product color design. The case application of color design of daily-use ceramic products was conducted to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the quantitative research method of ceramic color imagery.

Preservation and Renewal: A Study on Visual Evaluation of Urban Historical and Cultural Street Landscape in Quanzhou

This paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the cultural landscape in historical blocks by combing the relevant research results from visual evaluation of the landscape in historical blocks. Nine streets and alleys in the five historical blocks of Quanzhou, Fujian, were selected as the research objects, and the current situations of cultural landscapes in their spaces were collected and drawn into a table. The Semantic Differential (SD) method and Factor Analysis (FA) method were used to investigate and visually evaluate nine streets and alleys in five historical and cultural blocks in Quanzhou City. The questionnaire was formed in accordance with the requirements of the SD method, and evaluation was performed according to the questionnaire data. The FA method was used to further analyze the data, deduce the landscape evaluation curve and comprehensive evaluation table of historical and cultural blocks and construct the landscape visual evaluation system for blocks. At the same time, combined with the weight of each factor, the comprehensive evaluation score of each block was calculated. Finally, according to the score, the nine historical and cultural streets are sorted, the reasons are analyzed, and the references are discussed to provide scientific reference for the development and evaluation of other historical blocks.