Semantic Differential Method Research Articles

DISCUSSION ON A MODEL OF TWO TURNING POINTS AS EXPRESSION OF INDIVIDUAL VARIATION

Many human-environmental models were proposed by researchers of environmental psychology and surrounding fields, in order to deepen the understanding. Proposal of those models often defines and differentiate similar conditions and/or expand the usage of the former proposed model. For example, Kuno et al proposed two-dimensional thermal sensation model that introduced surrounding environmental index axis and thermal physiological index model, which differentiated “hot” to “warm” and “comfort” to “pleasant”. Likely, model of two turning points introduced by Hirate et al differentiated the type of decision, namely one turning point and two turning points. One turning point is where decision only changes once, like good / bad. Two turning points was where decision changes twice, like bad / good / bad, which indicates the adequate range. In addition, this model was developed from model proposed by Thustone, which adapted the model to experiments done by pairwise comparison method. Hirate et al not only introduced the model with two turning points as an expansion of the model, but also developed the model to explaining the experimental results of semantic differential method.

Unglossy to Glossy Image Conversion Using Deep Photo Style Transfer

Abstract In this paper, we propose a method of image conversion that changes unglossy images into glossy ones using deep photo style transfer. This style of transfer is expected to reproduce the desired image with a metallic appearance based on the technique used for texture transfer. A practical challenge was undertaken to create a gold, metallic image by transferring the style images of a gold ingot. To avoid excessive loss of color balance, we applied the YCrCb separation technique and used only the Y component to reproduce a glossy appearance. The luminance and saturation of the style image were altered to investigate the influence on the convergence of appearance because the converted images should be dependent on the contents of the images. The results of transfer were assessed by subjective evaluation using the semantic differential method. A style image with an appropriate amount of change in contrast was found suitable for an appropriate glossy appearance. Moreover, contrast in the style image can be appropriately chosen depending on the contents of the original images.

Research on children’s air purifier based on Emotional design

The purpose of this article is to explore new functions and experience methods for children’s air purifiers based on the theory of emotional design. The research method is, first, to collect perceptual vocabulary and typical samples, and use the semantic difference method to build a perceptual evaluation table. Secondly, the analysis data is imported into SPSS software for factor analysis and principal component analysis. Establish user demand models for children’s air purifiers through user interviews. Finally, using the hierarchical analysis method to get the three elements of design: shape, function, experience, and then use the three elements of design to guide practice. The significance of the research lies in the use of emotional design methods, which provide new solutions for communication between parents, children and purifiers.

Happy Family Representation: a Cross-Cultural Analysis of Russian and Mongolian Youth

This paper presents an empirical study of representations of Russian and Mongolian youth about a happy family. The research featured 120 young Russian and Mongolian people (age: 18–30). The results were obtained using Charles Osgood’s semantic differential method, Sacks and Levy’s sentence completion test, and various questionnaires. Factorial, cluster, and qualitative analyses were used to process the results. The study revealed some ethnic and gender differences regarding the concept of "happy family". Russian and Mongolian youth appear to follow different ideal models. For Mongolian youth, a happy family was a "large family" and "parental family". For Russian women, a happy family was one with few children, while for Russian men demonstrated opposite views. Therefore, in contrast to Mongolia, the family institution in Russia is developing modern ideas about a happy family life. Mongolian youth use their parents’ family as a model to follow, while Russian young people follow the role models promoted by the media. However, the romantic ideas about marriage were quite similar in both groups.

BIRD AS A SUBJECT IN WOOD CARVING MOTIFS: AN OBSERVATION ON BAJAU TRADITIONAL WEAPONS

The wood carving on the hilt and sheath (taguban) of parang (machete) created by the Bajau craftsmanship in Kota Belud is well-known for its uniqueness across Sabah. This study discusses the stylisation and value of appreciation from the philosophy of Bajau’s craftsmanship and the influence of the wood carving motif designs. The subject of birds is interpreted as a pattern in wood carving on either on the hilt, the tagubantaguban (sheath) or bladed weapon. Among the examples of bird’s subjects include hornbills, birds, manuk (rooster) and naga (dragons). This study aims to comprehend Bajau’s parang weapons, addressing the bird’s motif and its connection to mythical and cosmological values and why the study of the values expressed Bajau craftsmanship concerning the principles of Malay aesthetics as it expands the cultural reach of the Bajaus across the Malay Archipelago. This research is conducted through in-depth interviews with Bajau parang craftsmen as well as through participant observation at their workshop and exhibitions. Semantic Differential method is used in the research to understand what the larger community of Bajau craftsmen recognise to be the values inherent in their artform. The authors refer to Zakaria Ali’s six principles of Malay aesthetics to understand how the parang-wood carving traditions of the Bajau conform to these principles. It is within this early cosmopolitan history that the bird design motif can be understood as a motif that embodies both local

The Impact of a Creolized Text Non-verbal and Verbal Parts on its Perception (an Experimental Study)

The paper analyzes the impact of creolized text verbal and non-verbal parts on the perception of its meaning. The perception facreolized text is dualistic: the non-verbal part (image) is identified with visual recollection images while the verbal part (text) is identified with verbal models reflecting nonlingual consciousness images as well. The perception of acreolized text perception was analyzed with Osgood’s semantic differential method which enables the identification of sense perception results involving both genetically translated conscious images (images of color) and conscious images developed in one’s culture acquisition. The applied method reveals denotative as well as axiological characteristics of creolized text content. The resulting semantic spaces demonstrate the impact patterns of the image and text parts on the creolized text understanding.

Changes in Connotative Perception of Notions from the Area of Science Education at a Science Camp

Abstract The main reason of children’s low interest in the study of natural science subjects is the inability to link the knowledge acquired at school to subjects such as chemistry or physics with real life outside the classroom. Their ideas about the scientists are often mistaken and glamorized. With the effort of the Vebor camp, these ideas are corrected and shifted towards reality. The research was focused on the perception of children of selected concepts before and after the camp. There are many researches fields dealing with science camps or teaching outside of school. Our research has used the semantic differential method, which we have seen only sporadically in research on this subject. The results of the research are mostly positive and show that the scientific camp has a positive impact on the understanding and perception of children of selected aids from the area of science and education. Very interesting are the results, for example, when the term of “teacher”, where the connotative perception of the term has changed from very negative to highly positive with statistical significance of 99 %. Many of the more interesting results are presented in the article.

Sitting posture recognition by body pressure distribution and airbag regulation strategy based on seat comfort evaluation

Unbalanced body pressure distribution caused by poor sitting posture is a significant factor causing lumbar disease. Research on the dynamic adjustment strategy for comfort sitting posture is of great significance to the prevention and improvement of lumbar disease. In this study, based on the pressure sensor array, the body pressure distribution in different sitting postures are obtained, including: back bow, waist bow, body slip, body right leaning, standard sitting position, and body left leaning. The recognition of the human body posture was achieved using the support vector machine algorithm and the accuracy rate reach to 83.33%. Furthermore, the evaluation indicators for sitting comfort of the human body are proposed using the maximum pressure, average pressure, maximum pressure gradient, average pressure gradient and asymmetry coefficient, the accuracy of the above indicators were verified using semantic differential subjective evaluation method. Experimental results show that there is a strong positive correlation between objective indicators and seat comfort. In addition, the dynamic adjustment strategy using airbag base on seat comfort evaluation is studied.

Physiological effects of visual stimulation with full-scale wall images composed of vertically and horizontally arranged wooden elements

Wood is a raw material that is used not only in the production of structural members for various buildings, but also in the interior finishes that are directly seen and touched by the occupants. Wood has also been recognized as a human-friendly material, but few studies have experimentally confirmed the physiological benefits it brings to humans. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological effects of visual stimulation with wood. Two types of full-scale square, wooden-wall images composed of vertically or horizontally arranged lumber, were prepared using computer graphics and projected onto a large display to create the visual stimuli, and a gray image was also prepared as a control. Twenty-eight female Japanese university students participated in the study. The participants initially spent 60 s viewing the gray background (rest period) and then observed each of the wooden-wall images and the gray image separately in a random order for 90 s each. During the visual stimulation, the oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration as an indicator of prefrontal brain activity and heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic nervous activity were continuously measured in each participant. Subjective evaluation of each visual stimulus was then performed using a modified semantic differential method and the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition test. It was found that visual stimulation with either of the wooden interior wall images induced a significant decrease in oxy-Hb concentration in the left and right prefrontal cortex compared with the gray image. Furthermore, the subjective evaluation showed that the wooden-wall images provided a significantly more “comfortable,” “relaxed,” and “natural” impression than the gray image and decreased the negative mood states, with the vertically arranged wooden-wall image having a more positive effect than the horizontally arranged image.

Influence of presentation means on industrial product evaluations with potential users: a first study by comparing tangible virtual reality and presenting a product in a real setting

Nowadays, virtual reality allows products to be presented to potential users, but as they cannot feel them physically, their perception of some product attributes can be distorted. Conversely, the mixture of visual and touch feelings that tangible virtual reality (TVR) offers could act as a similar approach to knowing products in real settings. This is a first study to compare the evaluation of product attributes presented in a real setting and by tangible virtual reality to verify the possible equivalence of both means. The semantic differential method was used to evaluate product attributes by creating a semantic scale with 16 bipolar pairs. Seventy-seven people (mean age of 21.7) evaluated one product by both means in an alternate viewing order. The results revealed that the product that was chosen was rated with more positive attributes in some bipolar pairs when experienced via TVR, while it was better rated in others when experienced in a real environment. The Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05) corroborated that the presentation means used to evaluate the product influenced the evaluation of 15 of 16 attributes.

SUV Front View Design Method Selected by Multiple Schemes

Based on the parametric sensibility engineering and computer-aided industrial design basis, the SUV forward-looking contour is used as a target to explore a preferred selection model for multiple design schemes under specific images. Samples of the SUV front view were collected, the design variables were defined using the Bézier curve, and representative samples were selected using multivariate analysis and cluster analysis. Through the questionnaire survey, the sensory image of SUV front view contour was screened to obtain pairs of representative images. Using semantic difference method to conduct perceptual image research and analysis of representative samples. According to the analysis results, the correlation models of perceptual images and related design variables are obtained. The effectiveness of the model is verified by the existing model design of the market. The conclusion proves that there is a correlation between the consumer’s emotional image and the position of the SUV front-view contour feature point. The coordinates of the forward-looking contour control point of the design scheme are brought into the relevant consumer image correlation model, and the optimal image is obtained under the image. The design scheme improves the success rate of the front face design of the SUV.

Effects of different landscape visual stimuli on psychophysiological responses in Chinese students

Human–plant interactions have positive effects on human health. However, the effects of plants and the environment on psychophysiological responses have not been thoroughly explored. This study examined the physiological (electroencephalography (EEG)) and psychological (the semantic differential method (SDM) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)) responses of adults viewing different landscape pictures. The physiological responses of 50 Chinese students were recorded by measuring blood pressure and EEG, and psychological responses were measured using the STAI and SDM. The following treatments were assessed: (1) urban city traffic photographs (control), T0; (2) garden landscape photographs, T1; (3) natural scenery landscape photographs, T2; (4) forest landscape photographs, T3 and (5) city landscape photographs, T4. Students’ blood pressure was lowered after visual stimulation with different landscape pictures than with the control. In the (SDM) evaluation, students felt more natural, relaxed and comfortable after viewing landscape pictures and had low anxiety scores. EEG results showed higher alpha, beta, delta, theta and gamma frequencies after visual stimulation with landscape pictures than with the control. In conclusion, different landscape pictures have psychophysiological relaxation effects on adults.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Viewing Forests on Young Women

Research Highlights: This study demonstrated that viewing forest landscapes induced physical and mental health benefits on young women. Background and Objectives: The health-promoting effects of spending time in forests have received increasing attention; however, there is a lack of evidence-based research investigating the effects of spending time in forests on women. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects of viewing forest landscapes on young women. Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted in six forests and six city areas and included 65 women (mean age, 21.0 ± 1.3 years). Participants viewed a forest and a city area for 15 min, during which their heart rate variability and heart rate were measured continuously. Blood pressure and pulse rate were measured before and after the viewing. After the viewing, participants’ psychological responses were assessed using the modified semantic differential method, Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: Compared with viewing city areas, viewing forest landscapes was associated with significantly higher parasympathetic nervous activity and lower sympathetic nervous activity and heart rate. Moreover, scores of the comfortable, relaxed, and natural parameters and vigor subscales of POMS were significantly higher with forest viewing. The scores of negative feelings, such as tension–anxiety, depression–dejection, anger–hostility, fatigue, and confusion, were significantly lower, as were scores for the total mood disturbance observed using POMS and the anxiety dimension observed using STAI. Conclusions: Viewing forest landscapes resulted in physiological and psychological relaxations in young women.

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Forest and Urban Sounds Using High-Resolution Sound Sources.

Exposure to natural sounds is known to induce feelings of relaxation; however, only few studies have provided scientific evidence on its physiological effects. This study examined prefrontal cortex and autonomic nervous activities in response to forest sound. A total of 29 female university students (mean age 22.3 ± 2.1 years) were exposed to high-resolution sounds of a forest or city for 60 s, using headphones. Oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the prefrontal cortex were determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. Heart rate, the high-frequency component of heart rate variability (which reflects parasympathetic nervous activity), and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) components (which reflects sympathetic nervous activity) were measured. Subjective evaluation was performed using the modified semantic differential method and profiles of mood states. Exposure to the forest sound resulted in the following significant differences compared with exposure to city sound: decreased oxy-Hb concentrations in the right prefrontal cortex; decreased ln(LF/HF); decreased heart rate; improved feelings described as “comfortable,’’ “relaxed,” and “natural”; and improved mood states. The findings of this study demonstrated that forest-derived auditory stimulation induced physiological and psychological relaxation effects.

A DISABLED CHILD IN THE FAMILY: DYNAMICS OF THE RELATIONSHIP AND AREAS OF STRESS

In sociology, it is recognized that the family is the Foundation of society, ensuring both its stability and its development. However, there are situations in which the family itself needs support and assistance not only from loved ones, but also from state structures and social protection bodies. This article is devoted to the study of the family in which a disabled child was born and brought up. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of relations between parents before and after the birth of a child, the analysis of social and emotional aspects of relations, the characteristics of the situation that contributes to the destruction of the family. Case study was chosen as a research strategy. Three methods were included in this monographic technique: in-depth interview and included observation and semantic differential method. The family can be traced to changes in the relationship from the joyful, carefree to mutual resentment, scandals and accusations. The birth of a child leveled the emotional background of the relationship of parents, making it more smooth, calm, but indifferent. Areas of stress are: long waiting for the baby, the news of the disease of the unborn child, the birth of a child with cerebral palsy, problems of care, communication and education.

Perceived preference of soundscape in a Bamboo Park based on the laws of psychophysics

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the physical and the psychological quantity of soundscape preference in the bamboo park. Through semantic difference method, the preference of different soundscape elements in the bamboo park was evaluated, and the physical index in the observation sites was measured at the same time. Finally, after the subjective and objective data fitted by the law of psychophysics, a model for evaluating the soundscape preference in the bamboo park was established. The results show that the trend of subjective and objective data fitting for each soundscape element conforms to the law of psychophysics. Among them, geophony and biophony tend to Fechner’s Law and anthorphony to Stevens’ Power Law.

複合趨向補語“起來”、“下來”的認知語義對比硏究

The Compound Directional Complements has always been a difficult point in the teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Depend on the different context The Compound Directional Complements can express concrete and abstract meanings. This undoubtedly increased the students’ difficulty in learning the grammar and also increase the teachers’ difficulty in teaching of it. In order to know well about the difference between “起来”and “下来”,we try to use the Semantic Differential Method and the Image Schema to analyze and compare this two grammars.

Product color emotional design adaptive to product shape feature variation

AbstractWhen a user selects a product, he/she considers the emotional experience induced by the product color. However, when affected by product shape feature, the color image perception space of a user becomes more complex and dynamic. To address this problem, a product color emotional design method adaptive to product shape feature variation is proposed in this article. Based on psychological means, factor analysis and semantic differential methods are used to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of a color image perception space of a user influenced by product shape feature. Using support vector regression, a product color image evaluation model adaptive to product shape feature variation is constructed, and is then optimized via a genetic algorithm. A corresponding design system is constructed based on the method proposed in this article. A case study involving the design of a thermos for children is presented to demonstrate the operational procedure involved in the proposed method and to verify its performance. The results of the verification experiments confirm that the design scheme from system recommendation essentially meets the anticipated image target and assists the designer effectively. The method and system proposed in this study can generate a product color design scheme, which is unconstrained by shape feature and can satisfy user emotional preferences and needs, and have a certain applicability and practicability.

Form Factors of Modeling Language Under Different Color Schemes with Grey Relational Analysis Based on Entropy Method

This paper proposed an innovative method based on the semantic differential of Kansei Engineering and the correlation analysis of machine learning in the case of small-size samples, which could achieve the evaluation of users’ subjective feelings to form factors of modeling language and color schemes in the process of product design. It used grey relational analysis and the entropy method to analyze and study the design of modeling and color of guide signs in a public space, and converted the subjective assessment process of designer and user in art design into numeric operation that quantifies and treats data. This research faced two problems: one was to analyze the form correlation between the modeling and color of designed guide signs and the architecture and environment of a public space where the signs are placed, and the other was to convert the subjective assessment of designed guide signs into objective quantified data. The paper took vertical guide boards in a guide sign system as a research object, analyzed and resolved it according to the primitive type of form factors of modeling language, and converted them into numbered sequences of the form factor type. Then, guide boards using different color schemes were utilized to conduct group tests on users; the uniformity of guide boards and architectural style was evaluated through a semantic differential method of Kansei engineering; the test data was analyzed and treated using the grey relational degree, Pearson correlation coefficient and the entropy method; the user’s qualitative assessment on the correlation degree of the modeling form and architectural style of guide boards using different color schemes was converted into quantitative numerical parameters; and finally, we obtained the assessment results of the correlation degree and significance of integrated color and modeling language form factors. Specific to the users’ assessment discrepancies on the style design of guide signs using different colors, this paper proposed a color scheme evaluation approach with uniform color space based on the grey correlation degree, used Pearson correlation coefficient to make a numerical analysis on users’ subjective assessment, presented a modified entropy method based on standardization, and made a comprehensive assessment on the uniformity of style design in different colors and architectural style. Thus, the numerical analysis results of the uniformity between the guide signs in different color schemes and modeling forms and the architectural style of public spaces were obtained. This research method can provide a new research means and numerical computation method to the study of color and form correlation in product design and style design. Meanwhile, it also provides a theoretical foundation and application method for artistic design by virtue of high-performance computing platforms.

Factor Analysis of Packaging Visual Design for Happiness on Organic Food—Middle-Aged and Elderly as an Example

This study explored the visual images that affect middle-aged and elderly consumer groups in organic food packaging design, and summarized the happiness of visual design elements for organic food as a reference for design. This study used expert interviews, the KJ method to collect image vocabulary and select representative samples, and the Semantic Differential method (SD method) to evaluate the happiness image of organic food. Then, the questionnaire survey method was used to investigate the subjects’ attention regarding happiness in the visual design elements of organic food. This study adopted one-way ANOVA to understand the differences of consumers’ visual images for different organic food packages. The results show that the living patterns of the consumer groups in organic food packaging design can be classified into four groups. The “Self-actualization Group” thinks that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, environment-friendly, healing, comfortable, and novel. The “Caring for Health Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, reassuring, and environmentally friendly. The “Lohas Food Safety Group” believes that happiness organic food is packaged in a healthy, simple, and environment-friendly way. The “Extroverted Loyalty Group” believes that happiness organic food packaging is healthy, comfortable, professional, simple, environment-friendly, and novel.