Semantic Connections Research Articles

Features of the use of the aorist in the Persian Language

Examines the features of the use of the aorist tense in the Persian language. It analyzes its role in the morphosyntactic system, functions in speech, temporal and modal meanings, as well as its use in various types of sentences. Through examples, the semantic and formal characteristics of the aorist are highlighted. In Persian, the subjunctive mood is employed in complex sentences to express logical, conditional, probabilistic, or cause-and-effect relationships between multiple components. In complex sentences, the subjunctive mood, with the help of auxiliary words, establishes a semantic connection between the main and subordinate parts of the sentence. Below, the application of the subjunctive mood in complex sentences and its specific features are discussed. This study provides a scientific basis for an in-depth exploration of the Persian language.

ICH-PRNet: a cross-modal intracerebral haemorrhage prognostic prediction method using joint-attention interaction mechanism.

Accurately predicting intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) prognosis is a critical and indispensable step in the clinical management of patients post-ICH. Recently, integrating artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has significantly enhanced prediction accuracy and alleviated neurosurgeons from the burden of manual prognosis assessment. However, uni-modal methods have shown suboptimal performance due to the intricate pathophysiology of the ICH. On the other hand, existing cross-modal approaches that incorporate tabular data have often failed to effectively extract complementary information and cross-modal features between modalities, thereby limiting their prognostic capabilities. This study introduces a novel cross-modal network, ICH-PRNet, designed to predict ICH prognosis outcomes. Specifically, we propose a joint-attention interaction encoder that effectively integrates computed tomography images and clinical texts within a unified representational space. Additionally, we define a multi-loss function comprising three components to comprehensively optimize cross-modal fusion capabilities. To balance the training process, we employ a self-adaptive dynamic prioritization algorithm that adjusts the weights of each component, accordingly. Our model, through these innovative designs, establishes robust semantic connections between modalities and uncovers rich, complementary cross-modal information, thereby achieving superior prediction results. Extensive experimental results and comparisons with state-of-the-art methods on both in-house and publicly available datasets unequivocally demonstrate the superiority and efficacy of the proposed method. Our code is at https://github.com/YU-deep/ICH-PRNet.git.

Siamese comparative transformer-based network for unsupervised landmark detection.

Landmark detection is a common task that benefits downstream computer vision tasks. Current landmark detection algorithms often train a sophisticated image pose encoder by reconstructing the source image to identify landmarks. Although a well-trained encoder can effectively capture landmark information through image reconstruction, it overlooks the semantic relationships between landmarks. This contradicts the goal of achieving semantic representations in landmark detection tasks. To address these challenges, we introduce a novel Siamese comparative transformer-based network that strengthens the semantic connections among detected landmarks. Specifically, the connection between landmarks with the same semantics has been enhanced by employing a Siamese contrastive regularizer. In addition, we integrate a lightweight direction-guided Transformer into the image pose encoder to perceive global feature relationships, thereby improving the representation and encoding of landmarks. Experiments on the CelebA, AFLW, and Cat Heads benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed method achieves competitive performance compared to existing unsupervised methods and even supervised methods.

Semantics of the English preposition “over” in the syntagmatic aspect based on publicist texts

This research aims at studying the semantics of the English preposition “over” in English journalistic texts. Existing scientific theories, describing the principles of conveying the meaning of movement in an English sentence, indicate the important role of the interaction between the verb, preposition and other elements of the sentence. Their relationships fall within the scope of syntagmatics and paradigmatics. We determined the semantic connections of the preposition “over” in terms of conveying the meaning of movement and path. The terms “trajectory”, “landmark” and “path”, introduced by researcher R. Langacker, were used as the basis for constructing a pattern of interaction between prepositions and verbs in a sentence from the point of view of semantics. The analysis of the semantic component is carried out using image-schemes. The semantic field, created by the preposition “over”, was studied separately and in-connection with verbs of motion, including the trajectory of motion, the meaning conveying motion, the interaction of the trajectory with the reference point and the horizontal extension. We have provided examples of sentences containing the preposition under study and their semantic analysis.

Analog and Digital Poetry in the Context of Time

The article provides a review of the monograph Poetry in the digital age. In the artistic world of Valery Dudarev by M. A. Dudareva, D. A. Aripova and V. V. Nikitina (Moscow; St. Petersburg: Centre of Humanitarian Initiatives, 2024. – 116 p.). The researchers analyzed V. Dudarev’s poetics in cultural and philological aspects with an emphasis on the apophatic (transcendental, thanatological) properties of the organization of poetic texts. The book consists of an introduction, three collectively authored chapters, Natural Philosophy of Valery Dudarev, Dialogues with the Other, and Reverse Perspective, and a conclusion. Together they present an existing and eye-opening read on Russian poetry, with some poems analyzed through various lenses in several chapters of the book. The ontological and hermeneutic approach provided a deep insight into the worldview, and particularly the poetics of V. Dudarev. To answer the questions stated in the introduction, the authors developed a system of terms interdisciplinary in nature in order to describe the poetics both from rational and intuitive perspectives. Valery Dudarev is a great Russian poet, and his works reflect and preserve the Russian cultural code. One of the major topics and sources of inspiration for the poet was Russian countryside, represented through villages, gardens, country roads, wells, chapels, etc. In the first chapter, the authors of the monograph show their readers the semantic reserves of V. Dudarev’s natural philosophy, manifested in the inseparability of the natural and the sacred. Concepts such as earth, sky, water, fire, air, wood, and Motherland are the basis of Dudarev’s poems. Through the presence in the natural world, V. Dudarev’s lyrical hero establishes semantic connections at deep level and forms new types of interdependence between the phenomenal (contemplative) and the noumenal (cognizable). The second chapter reveals that the features of Valery Dudarev’s dialogical self are determined through an existential reading of plot and figurative-linguistic connections with Pushkin, Lermontov, Mandelstam, Samoilov and many other poets. As a result, the apophatic reserve of Russian poetry was shown on significant empirical material. In the third chapter, the apophatic reserve of the analog poetry of the pre-digital era was presented using the example of vast empirical material. The authors of the monograph draw attention to the risks associated with digital poetry, in which a metaphysical view of the world is lost. On reading Poetry in the Digital Age, one not only gets to know Valery Dudarev as a poet and thinker, but also develops curiosity to learn more about his works and Russian poetry in general.

“Queen of Spades” and “Petty Demon”: Pushkinian Allusions and Their Functions in F. Sologub’s Novel

The problems of the undertaken research are associated with the uncertainty of the semantic mechanisms of intertextual interaction between Sologub’s novel “The Petty Demon” and Pushkin’s story “The Queen of Spades”. In the research literature, particular overlaps between these works have been noted, but the systemic semantic connection between these two texts has not yet been identified, which determines the relevance of the article. The hypothesis of the work is that Pushkin’s “Queen of Spades” serves as a structural prototype for Sologub’s novel “The Petty Demon.” This structural prototype collects individual reminiscent elements of Sologub’s text into a single semantic plot-organized unit. The purpose of the study is to identify the constructive elements of this prototype in Sologub’s novel using the method of semantic comparative analysis. As a result, it was proved that Sologub uses the key semantic blocks of Pushkin’s “Queen of Spades”, while in the recipient text these blocks include both themes and motives and images. Significant elements include: the theme of cards, the motive of card addiction, the motive of madness, the motive of pragmatic marriage, “double” infernal female images. It is shown that the specificity of the implementation of this narrative structure in Sologub’s text is associated with the inversion of pathos: Pushkin's ironic pathos is transformed into burlesquetragic, and tragic connotations are embedded in the paradigm of the comic. All this allows us to conclude that the grotesque-parody function is the key for the intertextual dialogue between Sologub and Pushkin.

СМЫСЛООБРАЗОВАНИЕ В ТЕКСТАХ КУЛЬТУРЫ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ИНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛЬНОСТИ

In the article, intertextuality is considered as a technique of meaning formation in cultural texts that carry a semantic load. The process of meaning formation in cultural texts is considered in various humanities from different approaches, the techniques of meaning formation are substantiated. The concept of intertextual meaning formation in cultural texts is proposed, based on a dialogue between texts mediated by human consciousness on the basis of existing connections, historically conditioned or stipulated by the author himself. In the process of interaction of cultural texts, new semantic constructs, semantic spheres are formed. The principles of intertextual meaning formation are highlighted, among which: the principle of dialogicity, the principle of misinterpretation, the principle of functionality. The concept of intertextual meaning formation is based on the interpretation (understanding) of the text of culture. The author formulates the concept of «marginal meaning of the text of culture», by which he understands the products of meaning formation obtained as a result of the interaction of cultural texts based on intertextual connections that arise at the boundaries of these texts. Intertextual sense formation is considered as a process of formation of value meanings as a result of the emergence of semantic structures derived from activity, unfolding in a certain context, as a result of intertextual communication, as a result of connecting new objects to the existing system of semantic connections.

Alt = 1. vechi; 2. bătrân – Übersetzung deutscher fachsprachlicher Komposita mit dem Adjektiv alt als Determinativ ins Rumänische

While compounding is not a preferred method of word formation in Romanian, it is highly productive in German. Composites are used in German to replace complex structures, such as relative clauses and extended attributes, for the sake of language economy. The Romanian compounds found in technical language are mainly loan words or formed using a foreign language model. The translation of compound words from German to Romanian typically necessitates a structural reorganization, resulting in lengthy and intricate phrases. The principal challenge in this type of translation is the identification of semantic connections, as a literal translation is insufficient. This study aims to examine the translation of technical language compounds containing the determiner "alt" into Romanian.

Cultural Component in the Semantics of a pragmatically marked Word: Methods of Identification and Lexicography in an Active Type Dictionary

This article presents the electronic lexicographic project «Pragmatically marked vocabulary: lexicographic description of the national-cultural component in the semantics of a word» and covers a number of key issues related to the definition of the concept of «national-cultural / cultural-specific» in words semantic and searching for possible ways of lexicography. As part of the heterogeneous lexical meaning, denotative and pragmatic macrocomponents are distinguished, between which there are complex and not always obvious semantic connections. The pragmatic macrocomponent includes many microcomponents (evaluative, ideological, gender, social, national-cultural, etc.). The national-cultural component represents special information in the semantics, which indicates the perception of the world inherent in a particular linguistic society through the prism of the national language. We are talking about universal and unique features of the semantics of pragmatically marked vocabulary. This is what makes lexicography particularly difficult. The lexicographic description is preceded by a special comparative study, including a comparative analysis of correlated lexical meanings in different European languages. In addition, component and corpus methods are used. The electronic lexicographic resource consists of two parts: 1) materials from classical explanatory dictionaries, 2) lexicography of pragmatically marked meaning, taking into account its variable potential. Turning to explanatory dictionaries from different periods allows us 1) to identify dynamic processes in this fragment of the lexical system and 2) explore possible ways of describing pragmatic information in a word. We propose to represent the national-cultural component in a special area of the dictionary entry in the Database of pragmatically marked vocabulary of the Russian language, comparing it with the semantic specificity of equivalent units of other languages. The result of this study is a lexicographic description of words from different thematic groups that contain national-cultural (national-specific) information in their meanings.

Action-aware Linguistic Skeleton Optimization Network for Non-autoregressive Video Captioning

Non-autoregressive video captioning methods generate visual words in parallel but often overlook semantic correlations among them, especially regarding verbs, leading to lower caption quality. To address this, we integrate action information of highlighted objects to enhance semantic connections among visual words. Our proposed Action-aware Language Skeleton Optimization Network (ALSO-Net) tackles the challenge of extracting action information across frames, improving understanding of complex context-dependent video actions and reducing sentence inconsistencies. ALSO-Net incorporates a linguistic skeleton tag generator to refine semantic correlations and a video action predictor to enhance verb prediction accuracy in video captions. We also address issues of unsatisfactory caption length and quality by jointly optimizing different levels of motion prediction loss. Experimental evaluation on prominent video captioning datasets demonstrates that ALSO-Net outperforms baseline methods by a significant margin and achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art autoregressive methods with smaller model complexity and faster inference time.

H3T: Hierarchical Transferable Transformer with TokenMix for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

Recent research has been focused on exploring the capabilities of Vision Transformers (ViTs) in Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA). This approach typically involves providing more significant attention to fine-grained common information through patch-level transferable discrimination. However, prematurely assigning narrow-range transferability information at the encoding stage can sparse image information, thereby increasing the difficulty of downstream tasks. Therefore, we propose a Hierarchical Transferable Transformer with TokenMix (H3T), which maintains the allocation of fine-grained transferability at the encoding stage while enhancing the learning strength of image information through feature mixup. To address the challenge of missing sample labels in the target domain within the domain adaptation task, we have specifically designed the TokenMix Module (TMM) for ViTs. This module learns the style information from both domains while alleviating the impact of image sparsity on downstream tasks. Furthermore, to enhance the semantic connections among narrow-range image transfer messages, we propose the Hierarchical Discriminative Module (HDM), which also serves a critical role in encoding discriminative information. Our approach underwent comprehensive experimentation across five datasets of varying sizes, demonstrating its effectiveness. Our code is available at https://github.com/reyihua/H3T.

Knowledge Graph Embedding for Hierarchical Entities Based on Auto-Embedding Size

Knowledge graph embedding represents entities and relations as low-dimensional continuous vectors. Recently, researchers have attempted to leverage the potential semantic connections between entities with hierarchical relationships in the knowledge graph. However, existing knowledge embedding methods that model entity hierarchical structures face the following challenges: (1) Setting the same embedding dimension for entities at different hierarchical levels can lead to overfitting issues and the waste of storage and computational resources; (2) Manually searching the embedding dimension in discrete space makes it easy to miss the optimal parameters and increases training costs. Therefore, we propose a knowledge embedding method, HEAES, that automatically learns the embedding dimensions for entities based on their hierarchical structure. Specifically, we first propose a new modeling method to capture the hierarchical relationships of entities, and we then train the model on a triple classification task. Then, we adaptively learn the pruning threshold to trim the embedding vectors, automatically learning different embedding dimensions for entities at different hierarchical levels. Experiments on the YAGO26K and DB111K datasets verify that introducing entity hierarchical information helps boost the model performance.

Perceived Impact of COVID-19 in an Underserved Community: A Natural Language Processing Approach.

To utilise natural language processing (NLP) to analyse interviews about the impact of COVID-19 in underserved communities and to compare it to traditional thematic analysis in a small subset of interviews. NLP and thematic analysis were used together to comprehensively examine the interview data. Fifty transcribed interviews with purposively sampled adults living in underserved communities in the United States, conducted from June 2021 to May 2022, were analysed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social activities, mental and emotional stress and physical and spiritual well-being. NLP includes several stages: data extraction, preprocessing, processing using word embeddings and topic modelling and visualisation. This was compared to thematic analysis in a random sample of 10 interviews. Six themes emerged from thematic analysis: The New Normal, Juxtaposition of Emotions, Ripple Effects on Health, Brutal yet Elusive Reality, Evolving Connections and Journey of Spirituality and Self-Realisation. With NLP, four clusters of similar context words for each approach were analysed visually and numerically. The frequency-based word embedding approach was most interpretable and well aligned with the thematic analysis. The NLP results complemented the thematic analysis and offered new insights regarding the passage of time, the interconnectedness of impacts and the semantic connections among words. This research highlights the interdependence of pandemic impacts, simultaneously positive and negative effects and deeply individual COVID-19 experiences in underserved communities. The iterative integration of NLP and thematic analysis was efficient and effective, facilitating the analysis of many transcripts and expanding nursing research methodology. While thematic analysis provided richer, more detailed themes, NLP captured new elements and combinations of words, making it a promising tool in qualitative analysis. Not applicable. No patient or public contribution.

Connector hubs in semantic network contribute to creative thinking.

Semantic memory offers a rich repository of raw materials (e.g., various concepts and connections between concepts) for creative thinking, represented as a semantic network. Similar to other networks, the semantic network exhibits a modular structure characterized by modules with dense internal connections and sparse connections between them. This organizational principle facilitates the routine storage and retrieval of information but may impede creativity. The present study investigated the effect of hub concepts with varying connection patterns on creative thinking from the perspective of a modular structured semantic network. By analyzing a large-scale semantic network, connector hubs (C-hubs) and provincial hubs (P-hubs) were identified based on their intra- and intermodule connections. These hubs were used as cue words in the alternative uses task, a widely used measure of creative thinking. Across four experiments, behavioral and neural evidence indicated that C-hubs facilitate the generation of more novel and remote ideas compared to P-hubs. However, this effect is predominantly observed in the early stage of the creative thinking process, involving changes in brain activation and functional connectivity in core regions of the default mode network and the frontoparietal network, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, angular gyrus, and precuneus. Neural findings suggest that the superior performance of C-hubs relies on stronger interactions between automatic spreading activation, controlled semantic retrieval, and attentional regulation of salient information. These results provide insight into how concepts with varying semantic connection patterns facilitate and constrain different stages of the creative thinking process through the modular structure of semantic network. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Semantic Connection in Kazakh and Nogai Languages

Semantic Connection in Kazakh and Nogai Languages

ҚАРЖЫ-САУДА ЛЕКСИКАНЫҢ СЕМАНТИКАЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: ҚОР, ҚҰН ЖӘНЕ ТАУАР СӨЗДЕРІ

The richness of the vocabulary of the Kazakh language can be traced in the abundance and diversity of the vocabulary. Especially the large number of words related to finance and economics in the Kazakh language indicates that the Kazakh people have long been well versed in economics and finance. Among the Turkic peoples and languages, the Kazakh language is distinguished by the rich variety of skins and wool, a variety of names for clothing, food, ores, minerals, expensive fabrics, materials, jewelry and the preservation of words of indigenous Turkic origin. The article analyzes the terms and individual names of the financial and economic sphere used in the active vocabulary of the Kazakh language. The very first meaning and etymology of some financial, economic and trade terms in the Kazakh language is given on the basis of data from modern Turkic languages, starting from ancient and medieval Turkic written monuments. Materials from unrelated languages were also used for semantic connections between words and for additional evidence. In this research paper, among the Kazakh financial and economic vocabulary, native words are presented, mainly common to the Turkic languages. In particular, the history of semantic change of active words such as “kor”, “kun” and “tauar” is considered, conclusions about their origin are made.

ONTOLOGICAL ASPECT OF HUMAN-RELIGIOUS RELATIONS.

This article considers the essence of the formation of a religious personality as a set of connections and cognitive, emotional and effective relationships with phenomena, objects of religious life. It is noted that the world of the believer is formed within the framework of religious activity. An analysis has been made of how value can act as a guiding principle in the activity of the subject of religious activity itself. The concept of "semantic connection" through a dilemma is analyzed: sin-repentance-salvation. A study of the relevant literature on the topic made it possible to conclude that the relationship of the individual with God arises in the real life of a person, reflecting the relationship of the goals and circumstances of the actions to the motives and goals of the activity.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC ORIGINALITY OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD ‟POWER” IN VLADIMIR MAKSIMOV’S NOVEL ‟TO LOOK INTO THE ABYSS”

The article characterises the semantic field ‟Power” in the novel by the famous Russian prose writer of the 2nd half of the 20th century, Vladimir Maksimov (1930–1995). The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the structural and semantic features of the field, determination of the originality of the textual functioning of its core components, which are the semantic dominants of the work, actively involved in the organisation of the narrative, in the artistic depiction of historical events and the creation of images of literary characters. The theoretical concepts of the semantic field and semantic space of the text, which unites its conceptual, denotative and emotive meanings, are defined. Linguistic modelling of the field structure is based on the principles of discourse analysis of the text and is determined by the specific linguistic personality of the writer, genre-stylistic and plot-compositional features of the work. Characteristic of component composition of the field, its core, centre and periphery, microfields is given. Semantic connections and intersections of field components are determined with contextual synonymy and antonymy revealed. The core of the field includes the key lexemes “power”, “strength”, “leader”, “will”. The semantic field unites five microfields: the central part of the field structure includes the microfields ‟White-Guard Power of Alexander Kolchak” and ‟Soviet Power of Vladimir Lenin”; the peripheral zone includes the microfields ‟Power of Social Elements”, ‟Military Force of Foreign Intervention” and ‟Power of Selfless and unselfish Love”. The semantic dominants of the text, being the key components of the field, contribute to the dynamics of the narrative, create an artistic chronotope, reflect the author’s position, and convey the bright features of the writer’s linguistic personality.

VERBAL LEXEMES IN THE DERIVATIONAL CLUSTER WITH THE INITIAL WORD SALT IN THE NATIONAL RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The article deals with semantic characteristics of verbal lexemes that are a part of the derivational cluster – a structural component of lexical and phraseological complex with the initial word salt. The paper analyses the role of the initial word in forming the complex, reveals the causes of semantic and amount differences of particular word clusters that are formed by different lexical and semantic variants of the polysemantic word salt. The article reveals the factors that influence the development of lexical item creative potential: extra linguistic, language system and intra-word ones. The article demonstrates the causes of the disproportion of analysed particular word clusters – factors that have positive and negative impact on word-formation activity of lexical and semantic variants of the word salt. Lexical items of different derivational stages ascending to two lexical and semantic variants of the initial word and items with erased inner form, that are on the periphery of the general word cluster, are analysed. The author develops a hypothesis about semantic connection of these items and lexical and semantic variants of the word salt. The possible reasons of metaphoric meanings appearing are shown. The article gives analysis of semantic shifts revealed in some derived words. The author comes to the conclusion about topicality of the denoted object for the native speakers and peculiarities of development and meaning extension of the word salt in verbal lexemes.

The retrograde effects of negative emotion on memory for conceptually related events: a registered report

ABSTRACT Emotional events are often remembered better than neutral ones; however, emotion can also spill over and affect our memory for neutral experiences that precede an emotional event. Theories suggest that emotion can retroactively enhance memory for preceding neutral events that are considered high-priority while impairing memory for events deemed low-priority. However, the impact of conceptual relationships (i.e., semantic connections) between preceding neutral information and emotional events on memory for the preceding information has received little attention. This study investigated the influence of conceptual relatedness on the retroactive effects of emotion on memory. Participants sequentially encoded pairs of images that were high or low in conceptual relatedness, each comprising a neutral object followed by either a negative or neutral image. Participants returned the next day for a recognition memory assessment. The results indicated an interactive effect of emotion and conceptual relatedness on memory: In a “discovery” sample, memory was poorer for images preceding conceptually unrelated negative (vs. neutral) images, while the opposite pattern was seen for conceptually related images. In a “replication” sample, these effects were partially replicated, with the former impairment effect statistically observed but not the latter augmentation effect. Hence, conceptual relatedness affects how negative emotion influences memory.