Semantic Aspects Research Articles

Semantic and Pragmatic Linguistic Aspects in Translation

Research language deployed translation issues, mainly concerning from linguistic, semantic and pragmatic aspects. Discussion was started by stating the importance of linguistic aspects comprehended and applied by a translator, such as grammar, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. Research presented six meaning problems in translation, those related to lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, contextual meaning or situational meaning, textual meaning, sociocultural meaning, and idiomatic meaning. It can be concluded that the ability to apply linguistic aspect both from the source and targeted languages take important role to produce a good translation

Analysis of "Bunga Gugur" by W. S. Rendra

This study examines the poem "Bunga Gugur" by W. S. Rendra which is part of a collection of poetic expressions for Dik Narti using a semiotic model. This scientific work aims to describe the results of a study of one of W.S. Rendra’s love poems during his lifetime. This study uses a semiotic model based on the sign system, how it works, how it is used, and what we do with it. The study of this semiotic model is divided into three stages including analysis of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study to describe the meaning of poetry so that readers can understand it as a unique literary work, having a sign system, message and meaning. The data source used is the primary data source in the form of the poem "Bunga Gugur". The secondary data sources are in the form of books and articles on literary studies, poetry, and semiotics. The results of the study found that the poem "Bunga Gugur" has conventional typography, which interprets the life of a loved one who has left this natural world. With the aim of expressing the author's heart to himself, so that the reader feels what the author feels.

Semantic Aspects of Verb Production in Various Discourse Tasks in People With Nonfluent Aphasia.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how people with nonfluent aphasia produce semantically weighted verbs compared to people without aphasia, as well as how a discourse elicitation task affects verb production in people with nonfluent aphasia and people without aphasia. This study included 30 people with nonfluent aphasia and 32 age-matched people without aphasia from AphasiaBank. Language samples of five different discourse tasks were obtained and coded for heavy, light, and be-copular verbs. The number of verbs per utterance and the proportion of heavy, light, and be-copular verbs were compared between groups and between tasks. People with nonfluent aphasia showed a similar proportion of heavy verbs but reduced verbs per utterance and proportion of light verbs compared to people without aphasia. With regard to discourse task effects, we found a trend for a higher proportion of heavy verbs in sequential picture descriptions, and a higher proportion of be-copular verbs and lower proportion of heavy verbs for a recount compared to other tasks in people without aphasia. The discourse task effects were minimally found in people with nonfluent aphasia. Our results suggest that people with nonfluent aphasia present with relatively preserved heavy verb production but with impaired production of light verbs in discourse. In addition, it appears that discourse tasks do not significantly influence the type of verbs produced by people with nonfluent aphasia possibly due to the floor effects and wide range of individual variability. This study is a preliminary effort to evaluate methodological factors that impact verb production; future studies are needed to develop a framework for clinical decision making when selecting a discourse elicitation task for people with aphasia.

ВІДТВОРЕННЯ ЗАЙМЕННИКІВ ЯК МАРКЕРІВ НЕОЗНАЧЕНОСТІ В ДВОМОВНОМУ ПАРАЛЕЛЬНОМУ КОРПУСІ: ЗІСТАВНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article continues a series of publications devoted to the application of a corpus method to the study of translation transformations from the contrastive perspective. The author analyzes indefinite pronouns in the parallel corpus of texts (English-Ukrainian language pair), and finds out the specifics of strategies for their reproduction in Ukrainian. The parallel corpora contain a palette of strategies used by translators, as well as repertoires of translation equivalents with examples of their contextual use, thus providing a valuable resource for contrastive cross-linguistic studies. Pronouns are classified according to a systemic structural grammatical features, corresponding morphological and functional, specified person, object, feature, or their absence. The study proved that the variability of translation of the linguistic units under analysis is usually determined by the taxonomy of indefinite pronouns (semantic and structural aspects), as well as their functionality traits within a particular text fragment and context in general. Among a scope of interlingual transformations in the parallel corpus, the study revealed that two translation transformations prevailed: logical/semantic development and differentiation of meaning. Interstingly, the compensation of losses method was not used at all, which can be explained by indefinite pronouns’ isomorphic features – presence of similar equivalents in the Ukrainian language to express the category of uncertainty. Motivated exclusively by linguistic factors, indefinite pronouns demonstrate a high level of intertranslatability, do not require additional contextual clarification and can be compensated by other translation transformations.

Topic sentiment analysis based on deep neural network using document embedding technique.

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a domain- or topic-dependent task since polarity terms convey different sentiments in various domains. Hence, machine learning models trained on a specific domain cannot be employed in other domains, and existing domain-independent lexicons cannot correctly recognize the polarity of domain-specific polarity terms. Conventional approaches of Topic Sentiment Analysis perform Topic Modeling (TM) and SA sequentially, utilizing the previously trained models on irrelevant datasets for classifying sentiments that cannot provide acceptable accuracy. However, some researchers perform TM and SA simultaneously using topic-sentiment joint models, which require a list of seeds and their sentiments from widely used domain-independent lexicons. As a result, these methods cannot find the polarity of domain-specific terms correctly. This paper proposes a novel supervised hybrid TSA approach, called Embedding Topic Sentiment Analysis using Deep Neural Networks (ETSANet), that extracts the semantic relationships between the hidden topics and the training dataset using Semantically Topic-Related Documents Finder (STRDF). STRDF discovers those training documents in the same context as the topic based on the semantic relationships between the Semantic Topic Vector, a newly introduced concept that encompasses the semantic aspects of a topic, and the training dataset. Then, a hybrid CNN-GRU model is trained by these semantically topic-related documents. Moreover, a hybrid metaheuristic method utilizing Grey Wolf Optimization and Whale Optimization Algorithm is employed to fine-tune the hyperparameters of the CNN-GRU network. The evaluation results demonstrate that ETSANet increases the accuracy of the state-of-the-art methods by 1.92%.

Perplexity and its structural cerebral correlates: A promising marker for cognitive decline?

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies identified linguistic changes as a promising marker of early Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Perplexity – i.e. a measure of content complexity and therefore predictability of speech – is considered as a predictive marker of AD and MCI in otherwise healthy elderly (Frankenberg et al., 2019). A higher score indicates a reduced predictability, i.e. for persons with high variability in their speech, the perplexity feature will have a very high value. However, the underlying brain structures are still unknown.MethodPerplexity was automatically examined in voice recordings of extensive autobiographical interviews obtained in 38 participants in their mid‐70ties (N = 26 cognitively healthy, N = 12 with MCI) from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development and Aging (ILSE). Perplexities of 1‐gram and 2‐gram language models are investigated: The 1‐gram language model considers one word at a time, the 2‐gram language model considers each word in the context of its predecessor. Whole‐brain correlations between gray matter and perplexity were controlled for total intracranial volume, sex and education.ResultsAnalyses yielded significant positive correlations between measures of perplexity and right parahippocampal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus and right superior temporal gyrus (1 gram) as well as left precuneus and left anterior cingulate (2 gram).ConclusionThe correlation of perplexity with parahippocampal gyrus is paralleled by associations between this structure and autobiographical memory (Frankenberg et al., submitted). The superior temporal gyrus points to planum temporale, while the precuneus is involved in motor coordination and is connected to the anterior cingulate, which is associated with functions such as error detection and attention. The middle temporal gyrus is also considered to be language‐relevant in particular for lexical‐semantic and conceptual semantic aspects and the middle occipital gyrus is discussed as the Occipital Word Form Sensitive Area.

How Children Co-Construct a Religious Abstract Concept with Their Caregivers: Theological Models in Dialogue with Linguistic Semantics

In acquiring a meaningful and rich religious language, children need to build up semantic knowledge about religious words. Most religious concepts do not refer directly to visible entities. Instead, their meanings are often abstract and emerge from the social observation of the world. In our pilot study, we investigate the acquisition of the religious word merciful in 7–8-year-olds during dialogic reading of a biblical story. Merciful is a prototypical religious concept and therefore a fruitful subject for research on the acquisition of religious concepts. First, following the perspective of religious education, we present theological models that identify relevant semantic aspects that constitute mercy. Two of these models relate to interpersonal behavior, which is most common in contemporary understanding. In a second step, we analyze which theological models of mercy are evoked in dialogic reading between caregivers and their children and how they are expressed linguistically. In a third step, we designed a picture story test that allowed us to investigate how children apply their knowledge to novel (secular) contexts and which theological models are evident in children’s problem solving. Our results show that two different theological models of mercy prevail during dialogic reading: the model of forgiveness and the model of compassion. Although the model of forgiveness is central in our settings, the language data show that the model of compassion is also present in the caregiver’s and children’s language. During dialogic reading, the frequency of the semantic aspects of the model of forgiveness expressed between child and caregiver is significantly related. In the picture story test, children are more likely to select semantic aspects of the model of forgiveness in religious contexts than in secular contexts. Interestingly, in secular contexts, children chose semantic neighbors more often, indicating a more diffuse understanding of merciful.

Compound Words In Suwawa Language

This study examines compound words in the Suwawa language, which involve the combination of two words to create new meanings and are commonly used in Suwawa conversations. The research focuses on two key aspects: (1) the forms of compound words in Suwawa and (2) the meaning of compound words in Suwawa. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the study aims to elucidate the forms and meanings of compound words in Suwawa. Data were collected from Suwawa language speakers residing in Tingkohubu Timur village, Suwawa Subdistrict, utilizing data collection tables and employing interview, documentation, listening, and recording techniques. The data analysis involved presenting, reducing, and verifying the data to draw comprehensive conclusions. The findings reveal two significant outcomes. Firstly, the Suwawa language exhibits three forms of compound words: substantive subordinative, attributive subordinative, and coordinative compound words. Secondly, compound words in Suwawa convey three distinct meanings: noun, verb, and adjective compound words. This research sheds light on the structure and semantic aspects of compound words in the Suwawa language, contributing to a deeper understanding of Suwawa linguistics.

CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: CONSPIRACY THEORIES VERSUS THEORIES CONSPIRACY

One of the most significant phenomena that marked the second decade of the XXI century is certainly the phenomenon of the pandemic disease COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus (SARS-KoV-2). It has caused enormous public attention and initiated numerous explanations of the nature, origin, development, action and consequences that this virus will cause. Therefore, the paper discusses a wide range of theories that seek to explain this phenomenon, among which are significant and the so-called “conspiracy theories”. The very notion of “conspiracy theory” appears in the very focus of the paper with the aim of drawing attention to the necessity of precisely defining this very frequent notion in the public sphere. Without understanding its semantic aspect, it is difficult to understand this world plague - the viral pandemic COVID-19. From this fact arises the intention to offer an argument for the establishment of a new construct – “conspiracy theory” because it is more coherent in its meaning but more useful in avoiding confusion, ambiguity, manipulation around the understanding of this global danger. This would also reduce the chances of the pandemic spreading the conspiracy narrative.

A Comparative Study of Tea Culture in Chinese English Translation: Pedagogical Translation in Second Language Acquisition

Tea culture is very vital in the Chinese geographical and economic setting. Apart from being a high-selling brand, Chinese tea culture is inseparably associated with Chinese culture which is almost as old as tea cultivation history in China. As Chinese tea is sold all over the world, especially in western countries, the tea terminology becomes more significant in the age of globalization and international tea export. However, as the Chinese language is very much distinct from English including grammatical, syntactic, and semantic aspects, the translation of Chinese tea terminology into English has always been a challenge that hampers the tea export and consequentially, the Chinese tea culture. It has been found that with the use of some identified translation norms, translation strategies, and translation ethics, the Chinese tea culture may be globalized through the tea export from China. The paper has dealt with the inherent and external pedagogical issues found in the translation of Chinese-English translation of Chinese tea terminology and how these impact the tea culture and tea trade in China.

The Influence of L1(Chinese) on Writing in L2(English): A Case Study

This paper aims to explore the influences of L1 in the aspect of writing in L2, and it serves as a qualitative case study to disclose how Chinese as L1 influences writing in English (L2) in the context of IELTS writing exercises as part of mock exams. The influences of concern include: First, the study objects habitual or frequent misuse and mistakes of the L2 resulting from L1s existing language system; these errors can be grammatical, lexical, syntactic, structural, word choice, tense, etc.; and second, how the study objects previous experience of writing similar texts in L1 is extending its influence in L2 writing. The data were collected from students who used to prepare for IELTS academic tests to achieve the ends mentioned above. Writing tasks prepared for IELTS mock exam were collected for error collection and in-depth word-by-word analysis. The data for the study were collected after the IELTS exam was taken; these essays were part of the preparation for the IELTS exam. Therefore, the analysis can be used as a good indicator of how students perform and write formally in an academic context, not to mention the pressure experienced during the exam. The data analysis shows that there is a wide range of mistakes or misuses in writing in L2, all of which show a link to the interference or transfer of L1 to writing in L2 in aspects of grammar, semantics, and syntax. The interference results in ungrammatical or broken English. The analysis also reveals that the differences between L1 and L2 language systems may have resulted in some common errors and the so-called Chinglish. On the one hand, the linguistic habits and thinking habits of L1 possibly interfere with writing in L2. On the other hand, students unfamiliarity with the English language, including grammatical rules, semantic structures, and correct usage of words and phrases, also contributed to reduced efficiency or miscommunication of writing in L2. Based on the above-mentioned findings, suggestions are made for students on methods to improve L2 acquisition and application.

Of tubes and telegrams: The names of social media platforms and messenger services

Although names play a crucial role in the communication of products, services and companies and their acceptance by the public, virtually no research findings are available to date about the naming strategies used by social media platforms and messenger services. This article explores the naming strategies of the most successful social media platforms and messenger services in terms of the numbers of their users worldwide. For this purpose, 17 brand names were analysed with the help of a taxonomy of brand names that is used in marketing practice. Furthermore, etymological and semantic aspects of the brand names are examined. One finding is that most of the brands use fanciful names, which can best be protected. Additionally, this study highlights the fact that many of the social media platforms and messenger services contain hints to prior media forms in their names. But why do they use these semantically retro references? This study adopts different approaches (remediation, skeuomorphism, invented tradition) to illuminate this retro-naming strategy.

Polski bezokolicznik celu przy czasownikach ruchu

POLISH INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE WITH MOTION VERBS The authors of the article discuss Polish verbal constructions with an infinitive indicating the purpose of the motion, such as pobiegł otworzyć drzwi (he ran to open the door). In the first part of the study, the authors describe the research field, separating lexicalised expressions such as [ktoś] idzie spać ([someone] goes to sleep), (nie) idzie wytrzymać (it is hard to bear this), spieszę donieść, że… (I’m in a rush to report that…). The second part is devoted to the formal characteristics of structures with the infinitive of purpose. The semantic aspects of the studied structures are considered in the third part of the article. The authors present several arguments contradicting the common view that the analysed expressions and the corresponding structures with a subordinate purpose clause are synonymous. Part four of the study provides information on the status of the examined structures in contemporary Polish. Their formal and semantic properties suggest that they are products of a semantic-syntactic operation. In the last, fifth section of the article, the authors place Polish verbal constructions with the infinitive of purpose against a broader typological background, considering their relationship with similar expressions in other languages, which are at various stages of grammaticalization.

The Metaphoric Perception in Language and Literature Sherko Bekas «Darbandi Papula» As an Example

The research is titled (The metaphoric perception in Language and Literature «Sherko Bekas›s «Darbandi papula» is an example), which is a literary linguistic research. In the research, several rank forms were presented, and Sherko Bekas marked the rank of forms by using a set of forms and giving a meaningful sign of his feelings. It is an attempt to identify and present the process of presenting hidden images of a lexical form, more commonly known as metaphor in linguistics, which mark linguistic metaphors and replace morphological form. According to the semantic theory of composition, these metaphors are expressed as a major sign, so language can be considered a common tool of language science and literature genre, especially the research has focused on the language used in poetry, this way The creation and analysis of metaphors are involved in both .semantic and pragmatic aspects if it is not easy to understand the metaphor

How do emotions elicited in virtual reality affect our memory? A systematic review

Emotion has been shown to have a significant influence on memory. However, most of the investigations that led to this conclusion used non-virtual reality procedures. Virtual reality, as an emotional medium, is suitable for the study of the interplay between emotion and cognition as it has the potential to induce complex emotions. Employing VR could further enhance the intensity of the emotions elicited, which in turn might improve and expand the quality and the possibility of paradigms involving both emotions and cognition. This manuscript systematically reviewed studies investigating the relationship between memory and emotions using immersive technologies. PRISMA and PICO guidelines were applied to carry out the systematic search. The 22 studies reviewed show a complex panorama: research areas range from basic research, with studies regarding episodic, spatial, traumatic, autobiographical, and emotional memories, to applied research in the field of cinema, education, and rehabilitation. Navigation and interaction, embodiment, presence and immersion, semantic aspects, sounds or music, narration were the elements that characterized the VR experience across the studies and might work as a trigger for emotions. These findings can contribute to enhancing knowledge of either how VR works as an affective medium and how emotions elicited affect memory.

Muti-channel graph attention networks for POI recommendation

This paper focuses on the task of Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation whose goal is to generate a list of POIs for a target user based on his or her history check-in records. Different from the traditional recommendation tasks (e.g., movie recommendation), there are many factors, like temporal factor and geographical factor, which make a great influence on user preference. Though existing POI recommendation methods tend to model the user preference from temporal factor, geographical factor or social factor, they fail to model these factors into a jointly model, leading to learn the suboptimal user preference. To tackle this issue, we propose a Muti-channel Graph Attention Network (MGAN) for POI recommendation which learns the user preference from multiple aspects in a unify model. Specifically, MGAN first constructs several graphs with corresponding contextual features to capture the user preference from temporal, geographical, semantic and social aspects. Then MGAN leverages the graph attention networks to learn the representations of POIs from these graphs. Finally, MGAN estimates the user preference from the history check-in records and other similar users via the learned POI representations. We conduct extensive experiments on real-world datasets. And the results indicate that our proposed MGAN outperforms mainstream POI recommendation methods.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Microstructure of Covid-19 Health-Protocol Advertisements in Tourist Facilities

To alleviate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on tourism, tourist facilities in Bali are informing visitors of the relevant health protocols, using posters to describe the appropriate behaviours. Using critical discourse analysis, this study examines the microstructure of the texts in these posters to identify their semantic, syntactic, lexical, and rhetorical elements. The study findings show that the semantic aspects consist of background, intention, and detail. The syntactic elements involve coherence and the use of the pronouns ‘you’ and ‘we’, and of the imperative, and the declarative. The lexical aspects include abbreviations and vocabulary, related to the health protocol. The textual messages are delivered in official language, supported by pictures and photographs.

INTERJECTION HE SOAYA LE...! IN NIASNESE: A NATURAL SEMANTIC METAFUNCTION APPROACH

This study explores the interjection of He Soaya le…! in Nias language using a descriptive qualitative method. Words that denote reactions or spontaneous expressions are interjections. The Nias language has an interjection that is similar to the exclamation of oh my God, namely He Soaya le...! Where this interjection is one of the quite iconic interjections in the daily conversation of the Nias people. This research aims to know the meaning of the Interjection He Soaya le...! . In this paper, researchers identify Nias interjections in the Nias language using the Natural Semantic Metafunction approach. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, namely research that uses written and oral data sources. The data is taken from a dialogue in the comedy-drama series entitled Abunawa. Distribution and contextual methods are the methods used in this study to obtain data. From the results obtained in this study, there is one meaning of the interjection He Soaya le...! Namely shock, fear and panic, and emotional expressions that can be formed through physiological changes in humans. In Nias language, it is also expressed in two semantic aspects of its metafunction, namely emotive and cognitive aspects. From the results of this research, it is hoped that it can become a source of knowledge and understanding for other people of different ethnicities from the people of Nias and can avoid misunderstandings about a language.

Phraseological Units of the English Language in Newspaper Articles on the Topic of Culture: Structural and Semantic Aspects

The research examines the features of the structural-semantic approach toward peculiarities of the phraseology of media discourse when studying English. This is an actual problem related to changes in the genre and stylistic palette of modern periodicals. Therefore, it becomes of particular significance to consider the content, classification, and determination of effective means of training specialists, using English-language texts with different stylistic features in their work, regarding the transmission of emotions and content markers in newspaper articles through idioms. The purpose of the research is to determine the dependence of the success rate of students-journalists on introducing innovative methods and thematic blocks to the educational process, as well as establishing an assessment by the participants of the educational process of active study of English phraseology. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach. The descriptive methods, structural and semantic approaches to the classification of idioms were used to study the theoretical material. The experimental method, methods of questionnaires, surveys, observations, were also used in the academic paper. The fundamental hypothesis is that innovative courses containing new approaches and scientific innovations contribute to improving the success and practical skills of students - journalists. The research result is the establishment of interdependence between innovations in the scope and the course content and the improvement of student performance, and interest in learning. In prospect, attention should be paid to a practice-centered approach to the philological component in journalism education in English-speaking countries.

Discovering the role of rhetorical devices in the text of a political speech through back-translations to improve the translation process

Politics has always been important for civilized societies. It is an amazing tool for rulers aiming to manipulate the masses by the sole magic of words. Thus, the power of language is the most helpful and efficient way of implementing political goals and revealing specific ideologies. The aspect of internationality in – either written or oral – political texts requires translations into different languages in that a better understanding of political texts worldwide is possible through better translations. This study aimed to examine the most common rhetorical devices used in political speeches and find out how the translators of the texts of political speeches deal with these devices in their translation process. To this end, lexical, semantic, syntactic and grammatical aspects of the texts of political speeches including rhetorical elements were identified, and an evaluation was done with respect to the quality and the accuracy of the translations to find out whether it was possible through using back-translation method in the light of theories of translation studies and some back-translation guidelines. The sample political text was a speech delivered by one of the ex-Presidents of the U.S.A. Barack Obama, who was also known as a great orator with his eloquent speeches, at Ebeneezer Baptist Church. The research participants were the senior students of the Department of Translation and Interpretation at Trakya University in Turkey. The feedback given to the students when the research was completed were thought to contribute to the prospective translation practices of the students upon rhetorical devices.