Selling Rate Research Articles

EVALUASI PENCAPAIAN LABA PADA HOTEL SAHID KAWANUA MANADO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS COST VOLUME PROFIT (CVP)

The problem in this research is how to evaluate the achievement of profit by using cost volume profit analysis (CVP) at Hotel Sahid Kawanua Manado, with the starting point from the backgound of competition and growth of hotels that increasingly mushrooming in Manado city. This study aims to determine the calculation and profit planning at Hotel Sahid Kawanua Manado by using sales operational data by using cost volume profit analysis (CVP) for multi product in 2015-2017, and to determine Break Even Point (BEP), profit planning and find out what level of margin of safety (minimum selling rate of company not to suffer losses) in year 2015-2017. The data used comes from literature study, observation and interview on the object of research. This data processing uses the help of Microsoft Excel 2016 program to perform the separation of semivariable costs into fixed costs and variable costs. Besed on the calculation of cost volume profit analysis (CVP), showed that Hotel Sahid Kawanua Manado has done the evaluation of the achievement of earnings well seen from the level of profit generated and the level of margin of safety is increasinng from year to year.Keywords : Cost Accounting, Cost Volume Profit Analysis (CVP), Earnings Achievement

Five years of health promoting work with bottle shops on the Central Coast of NSW Australia. How can we best ensure outlets check ID?

Australian surveys indicate that a large proportion of packaged liquor outlets do not check identification for young people before selling alcohol to them. There are a substantial number of presentations to Emergency Departments from young people aged 15 to 17years. This subgroup is second only to those aged 18 to 24years. In the 15- to 17-year-old age group, supply from direct purchase or underage friends, who have purchased alcohol, represents substantial sources of alcohol that is more likely to be consumed without parental supervision. Teenagers 18-19years of age approached a randomly selected sample of bottle shops, on the NSW Central Coast Region, to attempt to purchase alcohol without producing identification (ID). Legally we are unable to test with teens under the age of 18. If outlets do not check ID for customers 18 or 19years of age, we propose they might not check identification for 15- to 17-year-olds. A raft of local interventions was employed over four-survey periods to attempt to reduce selling rates. The lowest alcohol sales without ID occurred in 2015 when NSW Liquor and Gaming successfully prosecuted a Central Coast outlet for an underage sale. The rate of alcohol sales without checking ID each year was as follows: 2012-43.8%, 2014-37.55%, 2015-21.5% and 2016-45%. Alcohol sales to young customers without checking ID are common, widespread and seemingly resistant to nonpunitive interventions. The NSW Liquor Act could be modified to allow compliance testing and much more practical enforcement. While Central Coast bottle shops have a better record than other Australian areas showing some improvements with our nonpunitive industry education interventions, the results need to improve substantially to stifle primary supply.

دور التجارة الإلکترونية کأحد قنوات ترويج الموضة فى مجال الملابس الجاهزة The role of e-commerce as one of the channels of promotion of fashion in the field of garments

دور التجارة الإلکترونية کأحد قنوات ترويج الموضة فى مجال الملابس الجاهزة The role of e-commerce as one of the channels of promotion of fashion in the field of garments

OPTIMASI SUMBER DAYA ALAM MELALUI TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA DALAM BIDANG BISNIS UNTUK MASYARAKAT DUSUN PATEH KECAMATAN SELAT KABUPATEN KARANGASEM

Pateh and Wates Kaja hamlets are located on the hillside slopes. 180 family heads mostly live fromagriculture. Unavailability of clean water in both villages, low public awareness on health and environmentalhygiene, low community productivity, waterfall Jaga Satru not yet organized and published as a touristattraction, the selling rate of salak Bali is low. Program achievements is, increasing public health withadequate clean water, cleanliness of the environment and counseling clean and healthy lifestyle. Increasepublic knowledge with the availability of reading books and the reading room facilities. Increasedcommunity productivity. Cost efficiency through assistance and introduction of hydram pump technology.Results of Activities is clean water system in Pateh hamlet with hydram pump method has been realized, theevaluation results show the amount of water that is compiled to the location of 43,200 liters / day. Everyperson needs water every day 80 liters / day then enough for 540 people or 108 families. Clean water systemgravity method in Wates Kaja hamlet has been done well and water distribution more evenly. Livestock health services achievement of 30 cattle. Reforestation of 100 coconut tree daksina has been done in thewaterfall environment. Publication activity Jaga Satru waterfall tour with balihoo method has been done andforeign tourist visits have increased by 100%. Environmental hygiene activities featuring 3 pieces of wastebins to collect inorganic waste. Making Master Plant tour waterfall keep 100% done.

The Influence of Brand Equity and Green Marketing on Consumer's Decision to Purchase Honda Beat Series in Surabaya

Objective - Brand equity and green marketing are becoming increasingly relevant to brand competition. Brand equity and green marketing of a product are able to influence a costumer's purchasing decision (Kotler and Armstrong, 2007). This study aims to test the relationship between brand equity, green marketing, and the decision to purchase certain goods. Methodology/Technique - The study uses a sample of 120 respondents, all of whom are purchasers of a Honda Beat Series vehicle, and who live in Surabaya. The data is analyzed using multiple linear regression. Findings – The study examines the purchase of the Honda Beat Series motorcycle in Surabaya City, in the East Java Province, Indonesia. East Java is regarded as a province with the highest selling rate; in 2014, the province recorded a market share of 17.1%. This study found that brand equity and green marketing both have a significant positive effect on a consumer's decision to purchase. Novelty - This study assesses the efficacy of Honda's green marketing strategy, through the use of the PGM-Fi system, which is considered to set them apart from its competitors. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Brand Equity; Green Marketing; Marketing; Decision to Purchase; Regression Analysis. JEL Classification: M30, M31.

The persistence of multiple strains of avian influenza in live bird markets.

Multiple subtypes of avian influenza (AI) and novel reassortants are frequently isolated from live bird markets (LBMs). However, our understanding of the drivers of persistence of multiple AI subtypes is limited. We propose a stochastic model of AI transmission within an LBM that incorporates market size, turnover rate and the balance of direct versus environmental transmissibility. We investigate the relationship between these factors and the critical community size (CCS) for the persistence of single and multiple AI strains within an LBM. We fit different models of seeding from farms to two-strain surveillance data collected from Shantou, China. For a single strain and plausible estimates for continuous turnover rates and transmissibility, the CCS was approximately 11 800 birds, only a 4.2% increase in this estimate was needed to ensure persistence of the co-infecting strains (two strains in a single host). Precise values of CCS estimates were sensitive to changes in market turnover rate and duration of the latent period. Assuming a gradual daily sell rate of birds the estimated CCS was higher than when an instantaneous selling rate was assumed. We were able to reproduce prevalence dynamics similar to observations from a single market in China with infection seeded every 5–15 days, and a maximum non-seeding duration of 80 days. Our findings suggest that persistence of co-infections is more likely to be owing to sequential infection of single strains rather than ongoing transmission of both strains concurrently. In any given system for a fixed set of ecological and epidemiological conditions, there is an LBM size below which the risk of sustained co-circulation is low and which may suggest a clear policy opportunity to reduce the frequency of influenza co-infection in poultry.

Analysis of the de-dollarization problem in developing countries on the example of Azerbaijan in the conditions of geopolitical asymmetry

The object of research is the asymmetry of interests in geopolitics between developed and developing countries. In the context of the global crisis, the issue of de-dollarization is relevant from the political and economic point of view. What will be the behavior of small oil countries in this situation is a big problem. Also for them the question remains: how to get off the oil needle in the most painless way? The method used in the study is analysis of the current situation not only from the macroeconomic, but also from the political point of view. Also, the ways of solving the above-mentioned problem by other states are examined in detail, and comparative analysis is conducted in the case of applying these methods to Azerbaijan. Recently there was a favorable situation on the world market for raw materials. Thanks to the global economic crisis, the «resource blessing» has turned into «resource damnation». This theory points to the interrelation between large revenues from the natural resources’ export and the weak economic development of the country, and reflects the suppression of market development and the decline of other economic sectors’ competitiveness, the increase of the national currency, inflation and unemployment. It is difficult to overestimate the role of oil in the economy of Azerbaijan. In Azerbaijan smaller proportion of employed in the industry gives more of GDP, reflecting the predominantly mineral-raw material orientation. The population is the main supplier of resources to the stock market world over. But for Azerbaijan, there no chance on successful development of this economic sector yet. In current conditions, Azerbaijan should treat the idea of de-dollarization more restrainedly. Today, especially during the currency crisis, it is economically unprofitable, not to mention the fact that Azerbaijani raw materials exporters need dollars and Euros to pay off their foreign debts and make purchases on imports to support the extraction of raw materials. The transition to manat, if it takes place, will sharply worsen the competitive position of Azerbaijan in the energy markets. Costs will increase significantly for importers, since they need to buy manat for dollars or Euros, to lose on the difference between the rates of buying and selling. In addition, they would have to spend money on insurance against risks of depreciating manat, and this would also be worth a lot, because manat is a currency, which rate is subject to very high fluctuations. The acquisition of fuel is often done at the expense of a loan. There is a very high percentage of manat loans. Here is one more extra cost for those who would have to buy Azerbaijani fuel for manat. When we force customers to pay extra, we lose them.

“God-Maker” in Lithuanian Village of the End of the 19th – the First Half of the 20th Century: an Artist and / or a Craftsman

The article focuses on the issue of creative freedom exercised by the self-educated folk carvers – the so-called dievdirbiai (literally, “god-makers”), discussing whether the “godmaker” was free to create or if his creative freedom was limited, and if so – by whom, to what extent and why.In the 19th – the first half of the 20th century, the “god-making” constituted a branch of the wood processing craft, and its practitioners were primarily artisans seeking to make their living from this trade or earn some additional income. No artisan worked without first receiving demand or requests. These people were exceptional individuals characterized by high creative capacities, outstanding mastership in various crafts, resourcefulness, sometimes also by peculiar ways of behavior, appearance or mode of life that deviated from the traditional established patterns, therefore frequently labelled as weirdos.In order to be in demand and enhance their selling rate, the “god-makers” sought recognition as renowned masters. The recognition chiefly rested on the opinion of the parish priest. Priests frequently denounced works characterized by primitive plastics, even declining to sanctify them. However, according to the popular opinion, sanctifying of the statuettes meant their positive recognition. Besides, the unsanctified “gods” were widely believed to have no power. Therefore, masters endeavored to comply with the customers’ wishes, also adhering to the demands that essentially involved following the standards of the Christian iconography and implied making easily recognizable saints. Another popular request was making the statuettes as realistic as possible.The masters usually complied with the above-mentioned demands, therefore adhering to the main schemes of iconographic composition. However, they exercised certain degree of freedom in terms of interpreting attributes, details and colors of clothing (particularly in case of female saints), and introducing certain motives related to the folk worldview or peculiarities of peasant daily life and clothing.Occasional connections of iconographic types occurring in folk sculpture can also be regarded as manifestations of creativity and rather liberal interpretation of plots. The “godmakers” were particularly prone to integrate several plots related to Virgin Mary, perhaps attempting to enhance the expressive qualities of the statuettes and highlight the importance of the God’s Mother in the human life. Especially Mary’s head used to be ingeniously adorned in an attempt to emphasize her image as the Heavenly Queen.Thus, some “god-makers” retained originality in their work: rather than mechanically copying prototype compositions, poses and details, they would reshape them in their own way, integrating into a harmonious whole, preserving their distinctive style of carving, enduing statuettes with certain emotional expression, varying the same plots in terms of poses, details, and clothing. However, others approached the produce of the church workshops, adding nearly no individual features and just closely reiterating the prototypes.In the traditional village community of the 19th – the first half of the 20th century, creativity and craft went hand in hand. The “god-maker” was both an artisan and an artist. The opposition between craft and creative work acquired distinct shape only in modern times. Previously, neither customers’ requests nor established notions regarding following of the prototypes seemed to the “god-maker” as limiting his creative freedom. He created interpreting things against the framework of specific rules at the time when object of art was not yet separate from the object of worship. Thus, requirement to adhere to the iconography seemed natural, since the prime concern for people of the time was the message conveyed by the statuette, i. e. the meaning of its plot rather than its artistic expression.From the modern point of view, we should discuss the question of relationship between creativity and craft in the “god-making” only in regard to the individual masters – by comparing their compositions, expressive means and details. In some cases, there would be ample creative features, while in others creativity would appear scant, or just an attempt at precise copying of the prototype would be spotted. However, an approach based on the recent scholarly discourse is also possible, suggesting transcending the typical modernist notion and promoting wider perception of creativity, that would diminish the gap between notions of original and its copy, art and craft, innovation and tradition in the daily life. Then the works of the “god-making” masters striving at precise copying of the prototypes may also be regarded as manifestations of creativity.

A study on financial aspect of traditional food shopping via social media

In recent years the efforts of raising awareness of balanced and healthy nutrition in all over the world and in our country have made a successful impact on public. With this awareness and the need to live a longer and healthier life people tend to consume trusting, natural, additive free, healthy, and traditional food.However living conditions make it impossible for people to make traditional foods themselves therefore people are inclined to buy them. Nowadays, traditional food shopping via social media is gradually increasing. In order to meet the demand of traditional food, satisfy the need of consumers and turn this situation into an opportunity numerous micro entrepreneurs use social media (Facebook and Instagram).This research aims to study the importance of social media shopping of traditional foods and the importance of financial aspect of the said shopping. In order to realize this aim, contents were completed and the relationship between literature and contents was promoted with primary work. With conceptual framework, hypothesis of the research has begun to develop. The questionnaire in accordance with this aim provided a research that is primarily about the financial contribution of buying traditional foods via social media to consumers and to the company. The results obtained were evaluated with statistical analysis and tested with hypotheses. According to the analyses, it is found that traditional food shopping via social media provides high financial gain to consumers and companies. It is also ascertained that if the selling rates of the traditional food producers who do marketing via social media increase, their marketing costs decrease and therefore financial profits increase significantly.

A new optimization model for market basket analysis with allocation considerations: A genetic algorithm solution approach

Abstract Nowadays market basket analysis is one of the interested research areas of the data mining that has received more attention by researchers. But, most of the related research focused on the traditional and heuristic algorithms with limited factors that are not the only influential factors of the basket market analysis. In this paper to efficient modeling and analysis of the market basket data, the optimization model is proposed with considering allocation parameter as one of the important and effectual factors of the selling rate. The genetic algorithm approach is applied to solve the formulated non-linear binary programming problem and a numerical example is used to illustrate the presented model. The provided results reveal that the obtained solutions seem to be more realistic and applicable.

PENERAPAN GRAFIK KENDALI JUMLAH KUMULATIF UNTUK MENDETEKSI PERGERAKAN KURS MATA UANG (Studi Kasus: Kurs Jual dan Kurs Beli Dollar Amerika)

The Average Control Chart ( can be used to see if there has been an average change in a process. But this graph has a weakness that is not sensitive to small average shifts. The Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM) is considered to be more effective in detecting small average process shifts, because it combines information taken from multiple samples by describing the cumulative number of sample deviations from the target value. Both of these graphs are used to detect currency exchange rate shifts with the conclusion that the exchange rate of US Dollar (USD) to Rupiah (IDR) are out of control. The Average Run Length (ARL) value of the CUSUM Chart tends to be smaller than ARL of the chart. The ARL of CUSUM Control Chart for the selling rate and buying rate is 14,4269 and 19,3798. The ARL of chart with the 3 sigma limit is 370,37. CUSUM control chart also gives the result that the average of selling rate has increased from 13,022 to 13,200 and the average of buying rate has decreased from 13,022 to 12,6027. This means that the Dollar selling price in the bank will increase/expensive while the Dollar purchase price will decrease/cheaper. Keywords: Exchange Rate, Average Control Chart, Cumulative Sum Control Chart (CUSUM), Average Run Length (ARL), US Dollar (USD), Rupiah (IDR)

Comparison of two numerical approaches to the domestic hot water circuit in a combi boiler appliance

This study mainly touches on natural gas fueled combi boiler appliances having space and water heating functions. The hot water demanded in any type of building for daily activities such as personal hygiene, cleaning, and bathing is referred to as domestic hot water (DHW). Since high efficiency targets have been already reached with respect to the space heating, most of the research and development activities are now focusing on the DHW heating function. Therefore, the subject of this study is concerned with only DHW heating function and the basic objective is making a comprehensive comparison between two mathematical models via different approaches for the same DHW circuit. In the first approach, basic heat transfer equations for DHW heating function are established by means of one-dimensional and time dependent differential equations. Later on, those transient energy equations were discretized by finite-difference method implicitly and solved simultaneously in Matlab®. The second model has been constructed with the help of commercial software, Flowmaster® which is one-dimensional thermo-fluid simulation tool. Then, the numerical results have been compared with the experimental data and the validity of the models has been discussed separately on the basis of the agreement between them. The advantages of both models have been evaluated as the distinctive contributions to the literature from DHW circuit modeling viewpoint. Among the intensive research and development activities of the combi boiler manufacturers to achieve high DHW comfort scores for high selling rates in the market, decreasing the time and money spent on the laboratory tests of the appliances is a challenging issue. Number of the laboratory tests is proposed to be decreased due to the preliminary results obtained from properly working numerical models for the performance analyses of completely new appliance concepts or design modifications on the regular appliances.

Comments by Chalongphob Sussangkarn, on The Economics of RMB Internationalization

With a limited equity market in a socialist PRC, the financial instrument is dominated by the government debt market either issued by the central government or by provincial and local governments of state-owned banks and enterprises. There is no incentive for SOEs to issue equities and bonds because of the availability of loans from state-owned banks with low interest rates and low risks. Are there string institutional investors, such as the insurance industry and pension funds, to absorb government debts? The trust of the international community on government debt of the PRC is dependent on its macroeconomic policies in maintaining low inflation sustainable public debt and stability of the RMB. Under the fixed exchange rate system, the sole objective of the monetary policy is to maintain stability of the exchange rate. Sustainability of the public debt is affected by fiscal and debt rules of various levels of the government.

Normative influences on the nonmedical use of prescription stimulants among college students.

Recent epidemiological data indicate an increasing trend in the nonmedical use of prescription drugs among college students. The nonmedical use of prescription drugs involves using a prescription medication without a prescription, or using the medication in a manner inconsistent with a health care provider's instructions. Among college students, prescription stimulants have the highest ratio of nonmedical to medical use and the highest rate of illicit selling and trading on college campuses. The increased prevalence is accompanied by increased risk, as 18-25-year-olds have the highest rate of emergency department visits for nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NMUPS). To date, no study has examined the impact of social norms on NMUPS. The social norm theory has accounted for other health related behaviors (e.g., alcohol and marijuana use) and has been utilized in brief interventions targeting risky health behaviors. The current study examined the prevalence of self-reported NMUPS among college students and the impact of perceived social norms on NMUPS. The current study included 959 participants who completed an online survey that assessed for NMUPS, self-approval for NMUPS, and perceived descriptive and injunctive norms for NMUPS. Similar to previous research on alcohol and marijuana use, students overestimated the prevalence of NMUPS and this overestimation was related to past-year NMUPS. Perceived close friend and parental approval of NMUPS was positively related to self-approval and past-year NMUPS. Overall, the study broadens the existing literature on NMUPS and provides a platform for developing brief interventions that target this risky behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record

Optimal nonlinear dynamics modeling method for big data based on fractional calculus and simulated annealing

No nonlinear dynamics modeling method for big data has been proposed, and no nonlinear dynamics modeling method based on fractional calculus and simulated annealing has been proposed until now. This paper provided the optimal nonlinear dynamics modeling method for big data based on fractional calculus and simulated annealing, which can find the optimal nonlinear dynamics model for big data based on fractional-order calculus. This paper also provided another alternative method that the nonlinear dynamics modeling method for big data is based on integer-order calculus. This paper took price, supply–demand ratio and selling rate big data as an application to illustrate the proposed methods. And this paper compared the optimal nonlinear dynamics modeling method for big data based on fractional calculus and simulated annealing with the alternative method based on integer-order calculus, and concluded that the nonlinear dynamics model found by the method based on fractional calculus and simulated annealing is closer to the real system than the nonlinear dynamics model found by the method based on integer-order calculus.

Qualitative and quantitative combined nonlinear dynamics model and its application in analysis of price, supply–demand ratio and selling rate

The qualitative and quantitative combined nonlinear dynamics model proposed in this paper fill the gap in nonlinear dynamics model in terms of qualitative and quantitative combined methods, allowing the qualitative model and quantitative model to perfectly combine and overcome their weaknesses by learning from each other. These two types of models use their strengths to make up for the other’s deficiencies. The qualitative and quantitative combined models can surmount the weakness that the qualitative model cannot be applied and verified in a quantitative manner, and the high costs and long time of multiple construction as well as verification of the quantitative model. The combined model is more practical and efficient, which is of great significance for nonlinear dynamics. The qualitative and quantitative combined modeling and model analytical method raised in this paper is not only applied to nonlinear dynamics, but can be adopted and drawn on in the modeling and model analysis of other fields. Additionally, the analytical method of qualitative and quantitative combined nonlinear dynamics model proposed in this paper can satisfactorily resolve the problems with the price system’s existing nonlinear dynamics model analytical method. The three-dimensional dynamics model of price, supply–demand ratio and selling rate established in this paper make estimates about the best commodity prices using the model results, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the government’s macro-control of price. Meanwhile, this model also offer theoretical guidance to how to enhance people’s purchasing power and consumption levels through price regulation and hence to improve people’s living standards.

Socio-demographics, sexual behaviours, and use of HIV prevention services among men who have sex with men and women in Western China.

This paper looks into the differences of sexual risk behaviours and prevention services among men who have sex with men and women and men who have sex with men only. The data from a cross-sectional survey of 159 men who have sex with men and women and 1186 men who have sex with men only in western China is analysed. It is found that men who have sex with men and women, with multiple anal sex partners, have higher rates of selling and buying sex than men who have sex with men only, but obtain less HIV-related knowledge from partners or HIV consulting and testing services. More efforts should be made to promote safer sexual behaviours and reduce the barriers for access to health services.

English

The economic analysis was conducted for cultivation of parthenocarpic cucumber cv. Dinamik under naturally ventilated polyhouse for two consecutive years, 2013 and 2014. The actual value of economic inputs along with subsidy component (65 and 75%) imparted by Government of Gujarat in coordination with Government of India was considered for fitting into simulation model. The differences in net realization of Rs. 371642.00 (BCR 1.36) and Rs. 164723.00 (BCR 0.55) for the years 2013 and 2014, respectively represented maximum dependency on prevailing market selling rate in respective years besides some minor difference in yield component. BCR of 2.03, 0.95 and 2.17, 1.03 could be anticipated by availing 65 and 75% subsidy in each individual year for a crop of short duration, thus opening new avenues for small farmers of the Gujarat, India.   Key words: Cucumber, parthenocarpic, protected cultivation, economics, subsidy.&nbsp

Methadone maintenance treatment programme reduces criminal activity and improves social well-being of drug users in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveMethadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been implemented in China since 2004 and has expanded into a nationwide programme. This study aims to evaluate changes in social functioning, family relations and...

A Snap Shot of Spring Maize Cultivation in Kapurthala and Jalandhar Districts under Central Plain Zone of Punjab

Maize (Zea mays L.) can play an important role in the crop diversification in Punjab. It is used in poultry and animal feed and for the manufacturing of starch, glucose and corn flakes. It is also used as a human food during winter season. Traditionally maize was grown as kharif crop and now sowing during rabi season has also been started in some districts with the development of new varieties and hybrids. Maize can be grown successfully during spring season. The present study was undertaken to assess the area under different maize hybrids grown in spring season, its productivity and gross returns of the farmers in the Jalandhar and Kapurthala districts of Punjab. The results revealed that majority of farmers prefer to sow seeds of two hybrids namely 31Y45 and DKC 9108 with an average yield around 96q/ha. These hybrids on an average resulted in a gross return around Rs 81,600/ha. Among the blocks studied, the maximum area was in the Kapurthala block. The highest grain yield obtained was in Kartarpur block but the selling rate and gross returns were maximum in Lohian block. Among the different categories of the farmers according to their land holdings, the maximum area was planted by farmers of category having land more than 20 ha. and they also got the maximum gross returns.