Selling Price Research Articles

Using social media for agricultural information dissemination: the role of informant-recipient homogeneity

ABSTRACT This study uses a randomised experiment targeting wheat producers in Ethiopia to examine the impact of providing market price information through Facebook on farmers’ sales behaviour. To identify the effect of informant homogeneity, we distinguished the informants’ nationality as either Ethiopian or foreign. Our findings reveal that when wheat selling prices were provided immediately after the harvest – when prices are typically at their lowest – only the information provided by Ethiopian informants led to a reduction in sales decisions and sales volume during that period. This information did not affect selling prices during the low-price period. However, analysis of data collected six months post-harvest shows that the selling price of wheat increased by approximately 14% due to information from Ethiopian informants. This suggests that farmers used the price information to delay sales until prices were higher, rather than negotiating with traders during the low-price period. Additionally, our heterogeneity analysis reveals that older, poorer, more socially isolated, and female farmers benefited more from domestic informant information, likely due to their previously limited access to information. These findings demonstrate the potential of social media for efficiently disseminating price information and highlight the importance of informant homogeneity in the effectiveness of such interventions.

Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Utilizing Natural Gas and Biogas from Cattle Manure Co-firing in South Central Timor

The low electrification ratio in East Nusa Tenggara, particularly in South Central Timor Regency, poses a significant issue. Despite reaching an electrification rate of 92.33%, efforts to achieve 100% are ongoing. South Central Timor as one of the largest cattle farming areas in Indonesia, with its large grasslands and dry climate ideal for cattle farming, has substantial biogas potential from beef cattle manure through anaerobic digestion. Biogas from beef cattle manure has a net calorific value of 18.36 MJ/kg. Based on projections for 2027 using best fit regression, the average daily manure production capacity from 260,217 cattle in South Central Timor is 7.55 kilotons, which is equivalent to approximately 301,852 m3 of biogas. A small-scale combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is proposed to capitalize on this, with a capacity of 20.73 MW and a net thermal efficiency of 55.33%. The plant’s fuel mix will consist of 30% biogas and 70% natural gas by mass, with a fuel mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) obtained from the economic calculations are Rp1,126.76/kWh, 9.62%, and 222 billion IDR with assumptions of a 20-year plant lifetime, an electricity selling price of Rp1,352/kWh, and a discount rate of 6%. The plant is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 61 kilotons annually, while creating new job opportunities in the energy, livestock, and logistics sectors.

Analisis perhitungan harga pokok produksi dalam penentuan harga jual pada Reidy Bakery di Desa Pangu Dua Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara

Reidy Bakery is the leading producer of bread and doughnuts. The company still uses a simple method to determine the cost of production. This study set out to determine the calculation of the cost of production and how this affects the selling price at Reidy Bakery. The method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. We collected data through observation and interviews. The results clearly showed that Reidy Bakery included indirect labour costs in its calculation of production costs. The full costing method is the only way to calculate the cost of production. It includes all costs involved in the production process. The variable costing method does not include fixed factory overhead costs. Reidy Bakery should use both the full costing method and the variable costing method to determine the cost of production. The full costing method calculates all costs involved in the production process, providing an accurate overview of actual costs. The variable costing method is ideal for short-term decision-making, such as when fulfilling special orders or orders in large quantities, as it focuses on costs that change with production volume.

House Price Pridiction Using Machine Learning

This project provides us an overview on how to predict house prices using various machine learning models with the help of different python libraries. This proposed model considers as the most accurate model used for calculating the house price and provides a most accurate prediction. This provides a brief introduction which will be needed to predict the house price. This project consists of what and how the house price model works with the assistance of machine learning technique using scikit-learn and which datasets we will be using in our proposed model. Predicting the price of a house helps for determine the selling price of the house in a particular region and it help people to find the correct time to buy a home. In this task on House Price Prediction using machine learning, our task is to use data to create a machine learning model to predict house prices in the given region. We will implement a linear regression algorithm on our dataset. By using real world data entities, we are going to predict the price of the house in that area. For better results we require data pre-processing units to improve the efficiency of the model. for this project we are using supervised learning, which is a part of machine learning. We have to go through different attributes of the dataset

Exploring farmers’ intention to adopt marketing contracts: empirical insights using the TOE framework

AbstractThe European agricultural sector faces considerable exposure to price risk, which poses a threat to farmers’ income and long-term resilience. Marketing contracts have emerged as a potential risk mitigation strategy by enabling farmers to fix the selling price of their output. Despite their benefits, the adoption of marketing contracts among European farmers remains limited. To investigate the factors influencing farmers’ participation in MCs, this study applies the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, marking its first application in this field of research. By analyzing data from an online survey of 84 Italian arable crop producers using a partial least squares structural equation model, this study investigates the factors influencing farmers’ participation in marketing contracts. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the TOE model in examining farmers’ intentions to adopt marketing contracts. Specifically, the perceived usefulness of marketing contracts, their compatibility with farm characteristics, the positive attitude of farm owners towards these tools, and normative pressure from buyers all exhibit positive associations with farmers’ intention to adopt marketing contracts. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of targeted strategies aimed at promoting the widespread use of marketing contracts among European farmers.

Efektivitas Penyelenggaraan Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) Desa Sungaibuntu Kecamatan Pedes Kabupaten Karawang Jawa Barat

The fish auction serves as a marketing center for the distribution of fish. The implementation of the fish auction is expected to enhance the selling prices of the fishermen's catch. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of effectiveness of the fish auction implementation. Effectiveness is measured in two ways: first, effectiveness is measured using the Mahmudi formula. Variables measured include the number of boats landing fish at the fish auction, fish production, fish prices, revenue, auction fees, fish auction operational activities, and the reporting system at Sungaibuntu’s fish auction. Second, effectiveness is measured according to the fishermen's perceptions, with variables including fish auction as a facility, auction activities, and services. This research also analyzes the comparison of fish prices and the income of fishermen selling fish at the fish auction and outside the fish auction. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods. Primary data collection involves field observations, questionnaires, and interviews, while secondary data is obtained from relevant institutions, theses, and journals. Simple random sampling is used to obtain 37 fishermen respondents. The research results show that the overall effectiveness ratio values measured by the Mahmudi’s formula for the period 2020-2022, for the effectiveness of boat activities, auction fees, fish production, and auction revenue, are categorized as "Less Effective." Meanwhile, the effectiveness of TPI operational activities and monitoring reporting systems achieves a level of "Very Effective," and the effectiveness of fish prices at Sungaibuntu TPI reaches the level of "Effective." For effectiveness measured according to the fishermen's perceptions, the variables of fish auction as a service and facility are categorized as "Less Effective." Meanwhile, fish auction as a facility is categorized as "Effective." There is a difference in the income of fishermen selling fish at the fish auction compared to fishermen selling fish outside the fish auction.

EDUKASI MANAJEMEN USAHA PRODUK PANGAN LOKAL BERBASIS DAUN KELOR PADA MAJELIS TAKLIM KELURAHAN BUKIT WOLIO INDAH

Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi, moringa leaves are generally only processed into clear vegetable soup which is believed to have medicinal properties, but have not been developed into processed products that are attractive, competitive, and have high economic value. In fact, if this business is managed seriously, it can provide benefits to the community of Bukit Wolio Indah Village, Wolio District, Baubau City. This activity was carried out through the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method, practice, and mentoring. The results of the activity showed that partners initially had very limited knowledge about the benefits, properties, and how to process moringa leaves. However, after participating in education and direct practice, partners gained knowledge about the benefits and properties of moringa leaves, as well as skills in processing various moringa products, business management, marketing, packaging, and determining selling prices. Based on the evaluation, this local food business management education based on moringa leaves has been utilized by the Majelis Taklim mothers to start a home business that has the potential to increase family income.

Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produk Bersama dan Produk Sampingan dengan Penetapan Harga Jual Produksi Tahu dan Ampasnya

The research project for estimating the cost of goods together and by-products of Ms. Sri's tofu business is discussed in this article. Main products are goods that meet predetermined criteria and are the company's main goal, while side products are goods that are created unavoidably but are not the company's main goal. The aim of this research is to calculate the cost of production of tofu and dregs, and determine the appropriate selling price for these two products. Case studies and literature reviews were the research approaches used in this project. Case studies involve talking to companies and doing research, while literature studies involve looking through books and other sources of information for relevant information. The research method used is the joint cost method with a full costing method approach.

Analisis Perhitungan Biaya Pesanan dalam Menentukan Harga Pokok Produksi Job Order Costing Kue Karawo

This study aims to analyze the calculation of order costs in determining the cost of production for Karawo Cakes using the job order costing method. This method allows the company to determine production costs more accurately by allocating direct and indirect costs to each specific order. In this research, data were collected through interviews and direct observation of the production process of Karawo Cakes at one of the SMEs in Gorontalo, namely Toko Karwo Li Maya. The results of the analysis indicate that the use of the job order costing method can provide more detailed and accurate information regarding the components of production costs, including raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead. This information is crucial in determining competitive selling prices and improving production efficiency. Thus, the job order costing method helps the company improve the accuracy of production cost calculations and supports better decision-making in pricing strategies.

Analisis Hasil Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Metode Full Costing Vs Variabel Costing pada UMKM BMS Kota Gorontalo

Calculating the cost of production is very important for manufacturing companies considering that one of the benefits of the cost of production is determining the selling price of the product. There are two methods for determining the cost of production, namely the full costing method and the variable costing method. This research aims to determine the calculation of the cost of production of BMS MSMEs using the full costing and variable costing methods. The method in this research is the Quantitative Descriptive method. The data collection technique for this research is by observation/interview. The problem in this research is to compare the calculation of product cost with full costing and variable costing methods. The purpose of this research is to determine the determination of the cost of production based on the method used by the company, namely the full costing and variable costing methods. The results of the research obtained the cost of production using the full costing method of Tapi. 667.77, while with the variable costing method it is Rp. 334.44. The conclusion from this research is that there are differences in determining the cost of products using these two methods.

Study of decaffeination and business risk feasibility: Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee beans by anaerobic fermentation using Rhizopus oligosporus

Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world. However, coffee is generally sold in its original form, even though the diversification products of coffee, such as decaffeinated coffee, have a higher selling price. One of the coffee-producing areas in Indonesia is Malang-East Java which has superior coffee commodities and does not yet have diversified products, such as Arjuno coffee (Arabica and Robusta) originating from the Mount Arjuno area. In this work, the decaffeination of Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee was conducted through anaerobic fermentation by Rhizopus oligosporus. An analysis of the business feasibility and production risk was also carried out. The results showed that caffeine content in the coffee significantly decreased with fermentation time. The caffeine content in Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee beans after 72 hrs of fermentation declined by 19.9% and 57.8% to 2.3% and 1.7%, respectively. Fermentation did not significantly change the physical of the beans but enriched the taste of coffee, where the flavor was strongly affected by the fermentation time. The analysis of the business feasibility and production risk showed that the decaffeinated Arabica and Robusta Arjuno coffee business provides a profit seven times higher than the existing coffee business.

Optimised scheduling of a cogenerative subnetwork based on a micro gas turbine and thermal storage with the addition of an innovative solar assisted heat pump and Ni-Zn battery

The Innovative Energy Systems (IES) laboratory at the University of Genoa features a plant configuration comprising a micro gas turbine, latent heat thermal energy storage, an innovative heat pump system connected to solar façade panels, and a NiZn battery. This study presents the optimization of four distinct sub-plant configurations, focusing on their economic and environmental performance across different seasons (January, April, July, and October) under two market scenarios (no selling price or selling price equal to buying price). A genetic algorithm-based tool is developed for the optimized energy scheduling of these configurations, taking into account the operational characteristics of programmable, non-programmable energy sources and energy storage devices. The analysis highlighted that when the selling price is equal to zero, the system is optimised to improve sell-consumption. The addition of the battery or the heat pump to the system always lead to reduction of operational costs compared to the baseline case with only the micro gas turbine and thermal energy storage. Notably, the heat pump alone provides greater cost benefits than the battery, although the combined use of both systems yields the highest cost reductions ranging, depending on the month, up to −16.9% in the “no selling” scenario and up to −12.3% when selling and buying prices are equal. Regarding the CO2 emissions, both components lead to an emission reduction in the “no selling scenario” while only the HP guarantees an emission reduction during the “selling equal to buying” scenario, in both cases up to −20.5% less. This analysis highlights the economic and environmental advantages of integrating NiZn battery storage and a solar-assisted heat pump into the energy system, demonstrating cost savings and emission reductions across various market conditions and seasonal demands.

Continuous bioethanol production from glucose-rich hydrolysate derived from wheat straw using a unique fed-batch cultivation method in a bioreactor

The present study provides solutions to the bioethanol industry’s main issues of the absence of production of maximum fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, the unsuitability of a single microorganism to convert the fermentable sugars (xylose and glucose) together to bioethanol, and the unavailability of fermentation technique to run the process unlimitedly with consistent yield and productivity. A novel fractional acid hydrolysis technology was demonstrated in this study, which produced more than 90% (w/w) of available glucose in wheat straw as glucose-rich hydrolysate (GRH). This hydrolysate was then made acid-free using a membrane-based acid separation unit to reuse the separated acid to make the hydrolysis process environmentally safe and chemically inexpensive. Thereafter, this acid-free GRH was fermented to bioethanol using a unique constant volume fed-batch fermentation technique under an optimum glucose-feeding strategy. Remarkably, this fermentation technique yielded optimal average bioethanol productivity (g/Lh), yield (g/g), and titer (g/L) of 7.147±0.533, 0.508±0.002, and 58.835±0.766; 5.722±0.529, 0.501±0.006, and 33.748±0.322, respectively, with more than 99% glucose utilization during ten fed-batch cycles of synthetic and GRH glucose. Notably, the high production of GRH from lignocellulosic biomass, acid separation and reuse, and continuous and consistent bioethanol production sets this study apart as a pioneering endeavor. Furthermore, the bioethanol profit of USD 0.019/kg biomass from the second batch onwards at a bioethanol selling price of USD 0.745/L suggests the feasibility of the current study for industrial-scale bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass.

Combining fermentation broth with spent water recycling for microalgae cultivation: nutrient reutilization, biodiesel production and techno-economic simulation

This study presents an innovative and promising technology, Water Cycling Combined Fermentation Broth (WC2FB), which offers a sustainable solution to significantly reduce the costs associated with microalgae-based biodiesel production. The innovative approach involves utilising food waste as a nutrient source, supplemented by recycled water after microalgae harvesting, with the goal of improving the viability of industrial biofuel production. The results of nutrient removal efficiency demonstrated that the addition of 15% fermentation broth to the microalgal suspension efficiently utilised volatile fatty acids, resulting in a significant increase in lipid content. Additionally, biocomponent analysis confirmed that the WC2FB mode did not compromise the desirable properties of biodiesel. Through techno-economic simulations, we predicted a 90% probability of achieving net present value (NPV) at a selling price of $5/kg. Finally, we recommended that directing future efforts be directly towards the development of culture devices, low-cost bioflocculation methods, and biorefinery extraction to further advance biodiesel production.

Lomba Kreativitas Olahan Makanan Berbahan Dasar Porang bagi Ibu-Ibu PKK di Desa Karangpatihan, Kabupaten Ponorogo

Abstract The creativity of the community in processing various types of porang-based foods is needed. Porang is a local Indonesian commodity that has enormous potential to be exported and sold in the international market. Porang tubers are the raw material for making shirataki rice which has a very high selling price. To achieve this goal, training in making processed food from porang is required. This community service programme focuses on training assistance in porang-based food processing. To see how much the community understands after receiving training, on the third day a porang-based food cooking competition was held to motivate residents to make new innovations related to porang food recipes that they develop. The target location for this community service programme is in Karangpatihan Village, Pulung District, Ponorogo Regency by targeting PKK mothers in four hamlets including Jurugan, Selodono, Krajan, and Dungus. This community service activity was closed with a focus group discussion (FGD) to listen to the aspirations of PKK women and see the future of porang in the region. As is the case in several other areas, the constraints of the community in processing porang are related to the processing of porang which is still quite complicated. In addition, the itchiness caused by holding porang in the hand.

Comparative techno-economic and carbon footprint analysis of 2,3-butanediol production through aerobic and anaerobic bioconversion of carbon dioxide with green hydrogen

Renewable CO2 and hydrogen have the potential to be the feedstocks of a decarbonized chemical industry, and biochemical conversions offer new alternatives for the industry. There are two options among chemolithotrophic bacteria capable of CO2 fixation: under aerobic conditions, through the use of the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle, known to produce large-chain compounds, and under anaerobic conditions, through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, known to produce short-chain organic molecules. Here, we report a comparison of both bioconversions, made at a simulated industrial scale, considering techno-economic and environmental variables, and using renewable CO2 and H2 as feedstocks. 2,3-butanediol, a mid-range chain compound that can be produced via both routes, was selected for comparison. The comparison was set up in Chile due to expected low-cost renewable hydrogen and renewable CO2 availability. The assessment showed that the minimum selling price of 2,3-butanediol in the anaerobic case was higher (3.91 (USD kg−1)) than in the aerobic case (3.36 (USD kg−1)), with hydrogen being the largest expense in both processes (50 % and 70 % of total expenses respectively). Further, owing to metabolic restrictions, the anaerobic process required almost five times more CO2 than the aerobic process to produce the same amount of 2,3-butanediol. A Monte Carlo analysis showed that in most scenarios the aerobic process was more economically favorable. In environmental terms, the aerobic process had a smaller carbon footprint in all the evaluated scenarios. Therefore, the results suggest that the aerobic process is a more suitable alternative to anaerobic bacteria-based processes for producing 2,3-butanediol from renewable CO2 and hydrogen.

Exploring Key Drivers of Sales Revenues Forecasting: Empirical Evidence from the Aluminium Industry

In the fast-paced and fiercely competitive banking industry and increasing demand for high forecasting accuracy for effective lending decision making, mastering the art of sales revenue forecasting is crucial for banking professionals who are concerned with efficient credit assessment and investment evaluation. This study delves deep into the main independent variables that impact sales revenue forecasting, moving beyond the widely used historical sales lagging approach. Through a comprehensive qualitative analysis utilizing semi-structured in-depth interviews technique with industry experts whereby study model is developed and subsequently validated using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) analysis. Spanning a period from 2013 to 2022, this empirical research leverages secondary data from sample of 12 selected companies who manufacture primary aluminiumfrom different economics, accordingly with related macro and micro economic figures on quarterly basis. The findings revealed that interviews claimed six independent variables have significant impact on sales revenues forecasting including (Historical Trading metal price at the metal exchange, company strategy) while only four variables were (quantities sold, historical market selling prices, and historical producer price index and historical foreign exchange rates) have significant impact on sales revenue forecasting, empowering banking credit and investment teams with the critical knowledge necessary to make informed lending and investment decisions

How Does the Adoption of e‐Commerce Impact the Selling Prices of Agricultural Products? Empirical Evidence From Apple Farmers in China

ABSTRACTThe sale of products through e‐commerce is emerging in rural China, and it cuts out intermediaries and allows farmers direct access to the market. To understand how adopting e‐commerce impacts the selling prices of agricultural products and who benefits more from adopting e‐commerce, we interviewed 480 apple farmers from the three representative provinces in China. The Propensity Score Matching approach combined with sensitivity analysis is employed to address the potential self‐selection bias in estimating the impacts of adopting e‐commerce. We find that adopting of e‐commerce drives significant increases in the selling prices of apple products, including the average price, the maximum price and the minimum price. The heterogeneity analysis suggests that the adoption of e‐commerce has significant heterogeneous effects on selling prices across various ages and education of household heads, land area, distance to the local town centre and social capital. The analysis of potential pathways reveals that increases in selling prices are attributed to farmers achieving more marketing flexibility through more adaptable sale times and extended sale periods due to adopting e‐commerce. The research findings provide rigorous evidence on optimal future policy design regarding the development of rural e‐commerce for poverty alleviation in China and other developing countries.

Variability of agricultural income for empowerment: Case of cucumber and potato leaves producers in Goréké (San Pedro – Côte d’Ivoire)

Female entrepreneurship in rural areas in French-speaking Africa is more related to rural, processing and marketing activities. The objective of this study is to present the variability of agricultural income of female producers for their empowerment. To this end, fifty female producers from the village of Goréké were interviewed. The areas, poultry droppings + sawdust, NPK 12 22 22, masses and incomes were observed. A Principal Component Analysis showed that on a hectare of cucumber, reasonable amounts of NPK 12 22 22 (80 kg) and organic residue (6,000 kg) provided the best mass (16,000 kg). At the level of potato leaves, 1,600 kg of organic residue and 20 kg of NPK provided the best mass (1,600 kg). Furthermore, the potato leaf producer had an average income during the shortage period of 2226,642 ± 1602,093 CFA francs compared to that of cucumber which is 584,714 ± 296,718 CFA francs. On the other hand, during the abundance period, the average incomes are respectively 713,793 ± 536,983 for potato leaves and 467,771 ± 237,374 CFA francs for cucumber. This difference is explained by the higher selling price per kilogram of potato leaves. In conclusion, the potato leaf producer would be more financially independent. In perspective, training will be provided to market gardeners to optimize the masses produced by rationalizing the masses of fertilizer used for an improvement in income.

Analysis of Selling Price Determination in Maju Sejahtera Cooperative Beef Cattle Farming Business: Implementation of Accretion Accounting

Aims: This study aims to analyze the accounting for biological assets and the determination of selling prices in the Maju Sejahtera Livestock Production Cooperative (KPT) based on PSAK 69. Study Design: This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to describe how the accounting treatment of biological assets and the determination of the selling price in the Maju Sejahtera Livestock Production Cooperative (KPT) is based on PSAK 69. Place and Duration of Study: Determination of the research location was carried out purposively, namely at the Maju Sejahtera Livestock Production Cooperative, Tanjung Sari District, South Lampung Regency. This research was carried out from February to July 2024. Methodology: The data collection method in this study used semi-structured interviews and literature studies. Respondents were determined using purposive sampling. These criteria are that respondents must be involved in preparing financial reports and determining the selling price of cattle. Based on these criteria, the respondents of this research are the treasurer and marketing department who are members of KPT Maju Sejahtera, totaling 3 people. Meanwhile, secondary data was obtained through the documentation method, namely from the financial report data of KPT Maju Sejahtera. Results: KPT Maju Sejahtera at the end of each period did not require re-measurement of biological assets using fair value. KPT Maju Sejahtera has not grouped biological assets into productive and non-productive groups and has not reconciled changes in biological assets either narratively or quantitatively in presentation in the financial statements. In addition, KPT Maju Sejahtera discloses increases or decreases in the value of biological assets in the inventory account in the Balance Sheet, which should be disclosed in the Income Statement. Conclusion: The accounting treatment of KPT Maju Sejahtera's biological assets is in the form of recognition of biological assets, measurement of biological assets, presentation of biological assets, and mapping of biological assets are not in accordance with PSAK 69. In addition, the selling price set by KPT Maju Sejahtera is based on market prices, not based on costs incurred.