Selling Products Research Articles

Digital Ecosystem as a Way of Doing Business: Legal Perspective

The paper examines the digital ecosystem as a way of doing business, and highlights the elements that make up the digital ecosystem: the digital environment, subjects — participants in the ecosystem, products sold. The author analyzed Russian digital services that can be classified as digital ecosystems. It is established that it is possible to speak about business ecosystems, the functioning of which is aimed at making a profit, and ecosystems that do not have a commercial purpose. Based on the analysis, the elements of the ecosystem are determined, which include: the holding company and other companies that manage the digital ecosystem; digital platform operators; partners of digital platform operators who sell their products through digital platforms; ecosystem users who consume partner products and intermediary services of digital platform operators. The author concludes that the features of the digital ecosystem associated with its structure should determine the content of future legislative regulation of digital ecosystems, which is in its infancy.

The impact of consumer skepticism on blockchain-enabled sustainability disclosure in a supply chain

The growing recognition of sustainable supply chain practices is indisputable. Nevertheless, consumer skepticism regarding the credibility of product sustainability information, which includes environmental impact and social responsibility, poses a significant challenge. Blockchain-enabled disclosure has surfaced as a promising approach to address this skepticism. In this paper, a game-theoretical model is developed to investigate the investment strategy in blockchain-enabled disclosure within a supply chain composed of one retailer and two manufacturers, each selling products with varying levels of sustainability. Considering consumer skepticism, we assume that consumers who trust sustainability information are willing to pay a premium for sustainable products, while skeptical consumers are not. Our analysis suggests that blockchain-enabled disclosure can effectively increase consumer trust in sustainability information and promote sustainable practices. However, our findings reveal a potential pitfall: intensified market competition between manufacturers, leading to reduced profits for both, while the retailer persistently benefits from blockchain-enabled disclosure. Furthermore, we find non-monotonic effects of consumer skepticism on retailer and manufacturer profits, with certain conditions resulting in a decreased likelihood of investing in blockchain-enabled disclosure as skepticism increases. Lastly, we examine the government-mandated disclosure policy, illustrating that such policy can generate a win–win situation for society and the environment by improving social welfare and environmental performance.

E-Commerce Trend: Analysis of Student Online Shopping Activities

This study aims to analyze the specialization of online shopping for college students using descriptive analysis techniques. The sample used is 195 respondents using the total sampling technique. The student learned many things about economics and business. With e-commerce, this should be an opportunity to apply what has been learned in practice. These students can start by opening an online business. But they prefer to use e-commerce to buy specific items rather than sell products. The results showed that the categorization of student specialization (1) based on the device used to access e-commerce applications was a smartphone (android) as much as 84.10%; (2) by product category is fashion 45.64%; (3) the intensity of shopping frequency not less than three times a month is 51.79%; (4) based on the monthly budget in online shopping is less than one hundred thousand rupiahs is as much as 56.92%; (5) frequently used application is Shopee 72.31%, and (6) payment transaction system using Cash on Delivery (COD) as much as 72.31%.

Consumer Satisfaction towards the 9 Marketing Mix Elements (9P) of Fresh Strawberries at the Strawberry Picking Agro-Tourism of Lumbung Stroberi in Raharjo Village-Owned Enterprise Batu City East Java

Lumbung Stroberi is one of the agriculture-based agro-tourism which is a business unit of Bumdes Raharjo, Batu City, Malang. Since its establishment in 2019, Lumbung Strawberry has focused on selling products and services. Product sales are packaged strawberries while services are educational tourism with the concept of picking strawberries. Business developments show that consumer behavior determines the sales and marketing success of this educative tourism. Therefore, this research aims to determine the level of consumer satisfaction with the marketing mix for strawberry products in Lumbung Straberi Bumdes Raharjo. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach and was conducted in June - August 2022. This research used a descriptive quantitative approach and was conducted in December 2021-February 2022. This research used an online questionnaire with the Google Form tool. The research method used is Importance Performance Index and Customer Satisfaction Index. The research respondents were 60 people using purposive sampling method and processed using SPSS 26 and Microsoft Excel. This study uses an error tolerance or alpha of 0.5. There are 3 variables used in this research, namely Marketing Mix Performance Level (X1) and Marketing Mix Importance Level (X2) as independent variables and Consumer Satisfaction (Y1) as the dependent variable. The research results show that the overall level of consumer satisfaction (based on the CSI value) is 0.82 and is in the range of 0.81-1.00, which indicates that the visitor satisfaction index is the "Very Satisfied" criterion. This value is included in the good category. This explains that the majority of consumers are very satisfied with the performance of the marketing mix attributes (9P) carried out by Lumbung Straberi in general.

Product mix adjustments and import competition in Vietnam's manufacturing industries

AbstractIn this article, we make use of Vietnam's annual enterprise surveys to investigate the product selection and product mix responses to import competition in manufacturing firms. We estimate the effect of imports from Vietnam's free trade agreement partners on firms' product scope and sales concentration, controlling for firms and industry characteristics and the conditions in export markets. The empirical results consistently indicate that Vietnam's manufacturing firms narrow the product scope and concentrate on better selling products in response to rising import competition. Given the dominant presence of quality sorting in the manufacturing industries, our analysis suggests an aggregate quality improvement as firms reallocate sales towards high‐quality products in responses to competition.

Social Media Management of the MIK SEMAR Facebook Group as an Information Media for the People of Semarang City

Needs for information is currently increasing with the high level of use of social networking sites in society. Facebook is a social networking site with various features, one of which is the MIK SEMAR Facebook group which allows people in the city of Semarang to easily access various information such as infrastructure, transportation, buying and selling of products, local events and issues related to Semarang. This research method is descriptive qualitative, data collection techniques used are interviews, observation and documentation. The theory used in this study is The Circular Model of SOME. In the results of this study it can be concluded that the steps to share information on the MIK SEMAR Facebook group facilitate the formation of public understanding. In terms of optimization, MIK SEMAR's Facebook team has done everything to listen and understand what the public is talking about. The management aspect carried out by the MIK SEMAR Facebook group is quite good. Aspects of engaging Facebook Group MIK SEMAR understands the importance of reaching the audience and providing a fast response to reach the target audience.

Perbandingan Peramalan Permintaan Produk Hollow Alumunium Menggunakan Metode Single Moving Average Dan Exponential Smoothing Pada PT. MU

Demand forecasting is an attempt to predict demand for a product or prepare stock for a certain time. PT MU is an aluminum distribution company that sells products in the form of white powder coating white aleksindo, sells hikarindo aluminum window materials, curved aluminum frame materials, aluminum door frame materials wood veins and also as a center for making aluminum door frames. The demand for Hollow Aluminum at PT MU from month to month during 2022 has increased and also decreased. Therefore the company conducts demand forecasting. The method used in forecasting Hollow Aluminum demand is to compare the single moving average and exponential smoothing methods to find out the most effective method. Based on the results of data processing and discussion, it is obtained that the most effective method in forecasting Hollow Aluminum products is the 3-month single moving average method because it obtains the lowest mean squared error (MSE) value of 392.67. Keywords: Exponential Smoothing, Forecasting and sales, Single Moving Average

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OILSEEDS MARKET BASED ON INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Increased demand in the oilseeds market allows agricultural producers to diversify production and sell products on the international market. The purpose of the study is to assess the development trends in the production of oilseeds in an agro-oriented region. The objects of observation are organisations of various organisational and legal forms of ownership. The analysis of the sustainable development of the oilseeds market made it possible to determine that the Altai Territory is one of the largest agrarian-oriented regions with significant land resources that allow the efficient cultivation of oilseeds. In current conditions, considerable work is underway in the region to change the structure of sown areas in the direction of their increase for highmargin oilseeds. Also, to obtain high yields in the region, space navigation systems are being introduced, highyielding varieties and hybrids are used, and a plant protection system and use of mineral fertilisers are. At the same time, highly efficient technologies are used on 4.1 million hectares of sown areas. The navigation system (space technology) allows the use of equipment with GLONASS navigation while satisfying the possibility of using advanced technologies to produce agricultural products and their transportation. In addition, the crossborder location of the region makes it possible to optimise the channels for selling products to the markets of Asian countries. To further stimulate the production of high-quality long fibre flax for agricultural producers, state support funds were provided to compensate for up to 40% of the cost of machinery and equipment used for the production and primary processing of fibre flax. At the same time, several issues should be resolved, such as the use of rational land use technologies based on technical re-equipment, land reclamation (stageby-stage restoration of irrigation), development of a system of domestic elite seed production, the introduction of modern innovative technologies for the cultivation of oilseeds; reduction of production costs of cultivation of oilseeds.

Analisis Perhitungan Pokok Produksi dengan Menggunakan Metode Full Costing : Studi Kasus pada Apem Singkong Keju Pak Gede

The title of this research is "Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Study: Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede. The research aims to 1) Determine the calculation of production costs using the Full Costing method in the MSME Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede, and 2) Assess the income of the MSME Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede. The objectives of this research are 1) To understand the calculation of production costs using the Full Costing method in the MSME Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede, and 2) To analyze the income generated by the MSME Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede. This research employs a qualitative method through interviews, observations, and documentation. All data are qualitatively analyzed in descriptive qualitative analysis. The informants in this study are the owner of Apem Cassava Cheese by Mr. Gede. The results of the research show that 1) The calculated production cost according to the company is Rp 1,060, with a production cost of Rp 42,382,000, which includes raw material costs, labor, packaging, and electricity. The selling price of the MSME's product has been traditionally set at Rp 1,500, resulting in a profit margin of 41.51% according to the MSME's estimation. 2) The highest sales in 2022 occurred in December with a total of 40,000 pieces and a net profit of Rp 17,618,000. The lowest sales were recorded in June with a total of 30,750 pieces and a net profit of Rp 11,654,639. The total sales in 2022 amounted to Rp 182,926,890, with an average monthly profit of Rp 15,488,983. The cost-plus pricing approach is used to determine the product's selling price, with a desired profit margin of 41.51%.

Is persistent “loadshedding” pulling the plug on agriculture in the Western Cape, South Africa?

ABSTRACT Besides a few industry reports on the impact of loadshedding on agriculture, there is a dearth of literature on the electricity dependence and the impact of loadshedding on the South African agricultural sector. We aim to make two main contributions. First, we analyse the electricity dependence of the agricultural sector and assess how loadshedding impacts the sector's various economic activities. Second, we employ Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) to determine the cause-and-effect relationships of loadshedding on the agricultural sector. We purposively selected 27 senior managers from the Western Cape agricultural value chain to participate in the study. The IQA reveals eight categories influenced by loadshedding: operational capacity and scheduling, input supply and availability, output quality and volume, financial implications, biological and fixed assets, socio-economics, and product selling price. The biggest cause for disruption is operational capacity and scheduling, and the biggest effect is product selling price. Solving the loadshedding problem and preventing knock-on effects require collaboration between firms, industry, and government. The government needs to create an enabling environment: sound regulatory framework, incentives to invest in renewable energy, and access to low-cost capital. The industry then takes responsibility for disseminating government strategies to firms and providing feedback based on firm-level experience.

Is it wise to compete or to collaborate? Remanufacturing business models under collective extended producer responsibility legislation

Collective extended producer responsibility (CPR) legislation aims to accomplish manufacturers’ extended producer responsibility (EPR) through a common channel of product recovery activities. This work intends to study the impact of the CPR legislation system on competitive and collaborative business models of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and independent remanufacturers (IRs). Therein, we developed a two-period competitive and collaborative model considering an oligopoly market scenario for analysing optimal remanufacturing and pricing strategies of OEMs and IRs. Government subsidies promote the remanufacturing activities, and their effects are examined on optimal remanufacturing and pricing decisions for competitive and collaborative models under CPR legislation. The result highlights that competition with IRs under the CPR legislation system within oligopoly market scenarios is profitable for OEMs. Furthermore, the result indicates that a competitive business model increases consumer surplus, increasing used products collection and remanufacturing. The findings benefit OEMs of identical products from implementing a profitable business model under CPR legislation to restrict the availability of low-quality remanufactured products of IRs, thereby protecting the brand image and controlling the cannibalization effect on new products selling.

Analisis Sistem Pengendalian Piutang Terhadap Piutang Tak Tertagih pada PT. Abadi Sakti Mitra Mandiri

Uncollectible accounts are one of the causes of losses in the company because they can hinder the process of entering finance into the company. Required control of good accounts receivable so that the company does not experience losses. This study aims to determine the application of a COSO-based internal control system for accounts receivable at PT. Abadi Sakti Mitra Mandiri. The method used in this study uses a grounded research approach. Grounded research is a research method on facts and uses comparative analysis with the aim of establishing concepts, proving theories, and developing theories, collecting, and analyzing data at the same time. Based on the results of research conducted, the internal control system implemented by PT. Abadi Sakti Mitra Mandiri has not been good enough. This is indicated by the increase in the level of bad debts caused by the low level of internal control in the elements of control activity, namely the existence of multiple jobs so that the risk assessment in the provision of receivables becomes ineffective. Therefore, it is necessary to have additional employees in marketing and selling products as well as a special section for the analysis of receivables, so that the receivables control process can run effectively and efficiently. The company should also provide fines to customers who delay payment of their receivables.

Emotion detection on social media status in Myanmar language

<span lang="EN-US">Many social media emerged and provided services during these years. Most people, especially in Myanmar, use them to express their emotions or moods, learn subjects, sell products, read up-to-date news, and communicate with each other. Emotion detection on social users makes critical tasks in the opinion mining and sentiment analysis. This paper presents the emotion detection system on social media (Facebook) user status or post written in Myanmar (Burmese) language. Before the emotion detection process, the user posts are pre-processed under segmentation, stemming, part-of-speech (POS) tagging, and stop word removal. The system then uses our preconstructed Myanmar word-emotion Lexicon, M-Lexicon, to extract the emotion words from the segmented POS post. The system provides six types of emotion such as surprise, disgust, fear, anger, sadness, and happiness. The system applies naïve Bayes (NB) emotion classifier to examine the emotion in the case of more than two words with different emotion values are extracted. The classifiers also classify the emotion of the users on their posts. The experiment shows that the system can detect 85% accuracy in NB based emotion detection while 86% in recurrent neural network (RNN).</span>

Perceptions of key stakeholders on taxes on tobacco and alcohol products in Nepal

BackgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in Nepal. Consumption of alcohol and tobacco products remains high. Taxes on these products are significantly below the rate recommended by the WHO....

An analysis of sustainable fashion design brands in Ukraine: Reduce, reuse, recycle methods

Fifty-seven Ukrainian fashion brands are analysed in this article. All these brands are related to the manufacture of clothing and accessories, and the main part of the production of which is concentrated on the territory of Ukraine. For the analysis, brands are selected considering a hierarchy of waste management, including reduction to avoid waste, reuse of materials and methods to regenerate value, such as upcycling or recycling. Brands are systematized according to: production method (producing from new materials, decoration and customization of existing fashion items, upcycle, recycle), assortment (clothing, accessories, footwear), groups of materials (remnants of new materials, vintage fabrics, outlet and second-hand clothes, materials and components that were in use, secondary materials) and target audience (male, female, unisex). Common sustainable ways of manufacturing fashion products in Ukraine are upcycling, reducing and avoiding waste, decorating, customizing and recycling. There is a powerful raw material base for the production of clothes from secondary raw materials, and there are also textile recycling enterprises in Ukraine. But none of the analysed Ukrainian brands use the products of these enterprises in their production; instead, they use recycled materials purchased abroad. Due to insufficient technological support for the production of new textile materials from recycled raw materials, Ukrainian designers have a request for textiles made from recycled materials. Among the groups of materials by origin, second-hand and outlet clothes are in first place, and textile remnants from manufacturers are in second place. Among the analysed products of the brands, no children’s clothing was found, and almost no underwear and shoes were found. This research can be the basis for finding new niches in the production of sustainable fashion products; for finding new communication channels between stakeholders, such as designers, manufacturers of materials and clothing, consumers, scientists; for finding new ways of selling products and buying raw materials and for further research into technologies for the production of new raw materials from recycled materials.

Increased productivity and sales of the Dapu Rindu home industry

Home industry is a form of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Many home industry players manage businesses without having adequate knowledge and skills, one of whom is Dapu Rindu, operating in the food industry, which is experiencing stagnation in all aspects of its business. The aim of this community service is to increase partners' knowledge and skills in managing their businesses, as well as to boost their business productivity and sales. Some of the methods implemented in this program include diversifying products with regional characteristics, improving marketing mix strategies, packaging and branding, and providing financial management training in the form of financial governance, recording, and determining competitive product selling prices. The results of the program show an increase in turnover and business profits, by 18.75% and 25%, respectively. Additionally, it has led to an improvement in partners' skills, enabling them to produce two new products that are typical Acehnese processed foods, possess legal status, calculate competitive selling prices, and manage business finances effectively.

Pendampingan UMKM dalam Pembuatan Packaging Inovatif Kentang Mustofa dan Optimalisasi Penjualan untuk Meningkatkan Daya Jual Produk

Packaging is an important element in building a product's brand. Packaging plays an important role because it will always be associated with the packaged product and represents the sales value and image of the product. Product sales will increase if the packaging is attractive, and the product image is closely tied to consumers' opinions about the product. The method used in this activity is training, specifically direct support to partners. The overall objective of this activity is to provide training on how economic entities such as small and medium enterprises can develop product packaging so that the products produced are in high demand by consumers so that they can develop good business and can contribute to economic development. In addition, it also supports sales optimization to increase sales. Through this activity, partners share knowledge about packaging design and selling products online. Partners also receive guidance to improve their skills in presenting more attractive product photos. With changes in packaging design and sales methods, partner revenue has increased, and product shelf life has also increased. Scholars as PKM implementers can deploy their expertise to collaborate with the community.

Expanding Promotion and Marketing of Village Products Through Smart Village System

Several villages in South Sumatra do not yet have a way to develop and advance their economy by selling local products that they make themselves, one of which is Burai Village. These products consist of agricultural products, handicrafts, special foods and typical clothing from the village. So far, the products they make are only sold and bought by people close to the village, both people from within the village and from outside the village. That way the income of village product sellers is not that big because the products they sell don't have a place to promote their products so that they can be known by many people and can be disseminated. To promote these village products, the author will make a Village Product catalog on the Sistem Desa Pintar (SIDESPIN) website, using the Web Engineering method and the Laravel framework to make it easier to develop the village product catalog features. With this research a village product catalog will be produced on the SIDESPIN website such as e-commerce which will be used to promote the village's products so that they can be known more widely.

Financial Feasibility Analysis of Arabica Powder Coffee in Drip Bag Packaging (Case Study of Berdikari Farmer Group, Sumedang District)

Arabica coffee powder in drip bag packaging is a new product innovation created to fulfill consumer desires and increase product sales. This study aims to analyze the financial feasibility of arabica coffee powder in drip bag packaging. Primary data was collected through direct observation and interviews while secondary data was collected from published scientific references. Financial analysis is carried out to obtain information on Production Costs (BP), Cost of Production (HPP), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Payback Period (PBP). The results showed that natural processing of coffee beans with a production capacity of 84,143 drip bag packages per month and raw materials for green coffee beans with a moisture content of 30% - 40% resulted in a production cost of IDR 143,603,885.74 per month and HPP of IDR 1 .706.67 per drip bag. At a product selling price of IDR 2,500.00 per drip bag packaging, an NPV value of IDR 4,118,480,686 was obtained, a BCR of 1.44, an IRR of 36.00% and PBP occurred in the 3rd month.

Optimal distribution strategy of coupons on e-commerce platforms: Sufficient or scarce?

With the growth of the digital economy, platform-led coupons are becoming an increasingly popular marketing approach. How to optimally design coupon strategies to achieve the coordination between the product merchant and platform has become critical in platform supply chain management. This paper studies a platform-led coupon distribution problem and analyzes the optimal strategies of the platform and merchant: who bears the coupon cost and how many coupons should be offered. We propose a Stackelberg game in which the platform acts as the leader and decides the coupon denomination. Then, the merchant, as the follower, decides the product's selling price. Consumers are divided into high-frequency and low-frequency consumers according to their heterogeneity in consumption frequency. Our analysis shows that when the platform bears the cost, under the combined effect of the highest denomination and the highest product selling price, the platform and the merchant can realize coupon cooperation under the supply-adequate strategy, which means the number of coupons can satisfy the shopping frequency of all consumers. When the merchant bears the cost, the platform still tends to distribute more coupons. However, the merchant will suffer due to the losses caused by the coupon costs. To reach coupon cooperation, the platform can give up the excessive exploitation of the merchant by adjusting the coupon denomination.