Selling Livestock Research Articles

Analisis Penentuan Harga Sapi dalam Tradisi Marosok Ditinjau dari Perspektif Etika Bisnis Syariah di Pasar Muaro Paneh, Kecamatan Bukik Sundi, Kabupaten Solok

This research aims to find out what the description of cattle buying and selling transactions using the marosok system is in the Muaro Paneh market, and what is the perspective of sharia business ethich in buying and selling cattle using the marosok system in the Muaro Paneh market. This research uses qualitative methods with interviews and observations with cattle sellers at the Muaro Paneh market. The research results show that. Description of cattle buying and selling transactions using the marosok system are carried out only on Mondays from dawn to dusk. The cattle seller there always carries a cloth or sarong on his shoulder. The seller’s way of determining the price is by touching the buyer’s hand, and when bidding the buyer also touches the seller’s hand using the code of his fingers. Where the index finger can be worth hubdreds of thousands, one million, up to ten million rupiah. The perspective of sharia business ethich in buying and selling cattle using the marosok system at MuaroPaneh market is in accordance with the principles of sharia business ethics such as customer satisfacarion, fairness and trust in the process of buying and selling livestock.

Adaptive Responses and Resilience of Small Livestock Producers to Climate Variability in the Cruz Verde-Sumapaz Páramo, Colombia

Enhanced anthropogenic climatic variability challenges small farmers. In the Sumapaz páramo (Colombia), higher irregularity in precipitation and temperature reduces the quality of pasture and cattle health. Data from surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups were analyzed to understand livestock farmers’ responses to the impacts of climatic variability. To estimate the communities’ resilience in the páramo, we used the capitals framework, the Baseline Resilience Indicator for Communities (BRIC), and cluster analysis. The responses of most households aim to reduce the impacts of climatic variability on the production system, chiefly intensifying practices such as the rotation of paddocks, livelihood diversification, purchase of grass, and buying and selling livestock. Interestingly, farmers did not recognize the value of the types of capital for responding to climatic variability. Results showed that the use of available physical, social, and economic capitals render the farming system resilient. Our probit model estimated that economic and human capitals are the largest and most significant contributors to communities’ capacity to respond to climatic variability. However, pre-existing non-climatic vulnerabilities are also important. For example, poverty hinders farmers from using their income in response to climatic variability. The place-based measurements used in this research are easily understood and applicable by local policy makers to address increasing climate variability.

Development of digital livestock monitoring in Sambilawang Village, Serang, Banten

The stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village face challenges in managing their livestock using traditional methods, resulting in inefficiencies and potential income losses. This study aims to develop a mobile application-based monitoring system to enhance livestock management for stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village while fostering collaboration with potential investors. The proposed system is designed to offer an interactive digital platform that enables stockbreeders to monitor livestock growth, health, and condition efficiently. Notifications will be implemented to inform both stockbreeders and investors about key events such as readiness for sale, breeding, or milking, simplifying the process of buying and selling livestock. The implementation of the digital monitoring platform significantly improves the management of livestock in Sambilawang Village. Stockbreeders can now maintain accurate records and provide timely updates to potential investors, enhancing their income and facilitating collaboration with buyers. The application also streamlines the livestock sales process, reducing disruptions in meat distribution. In conclusion, the development of this mobile application-based monitoring system represents a crucial step in addressing the challenges faced by stockbreeders in Sambilawang Village. By promoting efficient livestock management and fostering collaboration with investors, this solution has the potential to stabilize the stockbreeding profession and benefit the entire community.

DETERMINANTS OF SELLING LIVESTOCK TO PAY WATERING CHARGES BY PASTORALISTS IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF MONDULI DISTRICT, TANZANIA

In semi-arid areas, the practice of selling livestock is crucial to support the livelihood of pastoralists and to pay for watering charges. However, it is not a widespread practice in developing countries such as Tanzania. This paper investigates why pastoralists in the semi-arid areas of Monduli District, Tanzania sell their livestock to pay for watering charges. The study used a cross-sectional research design and gathered primary data through a semi-structured questionnaire from 367 randomly selected pastoralist households. Furthermore, triangulation was achieved by using focus group discussions and conducting interviews with key informants. The data was analyzed using SPSS for both descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (binary logistic regression model). The binary logistic regression model was used to examine the determinants of the practice of selling livestock to pay watering charges by pastoralists. Content analysis was utilized to analyze the qualitative data. The findings show that the level of education (p=0.015); hiring of a tractor water bowser (p=0.002) and access to extension services (p=0.002) at p<0.05 were positively significant determinants of selling livestock to pay watering charges for livestock by pastoralists. The study recommends that the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Departments, and Non-Governmental Organizations to work together to establish subsidies or financial assistance programmes for pastoralists in order to lower the cost of employing mechanized water delivery technologies such as tractor water bowser.

IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI LAHAN CARIK INJEMAN, DESA CIBODAS, KABUPATEN BANDUNG SEBAGAI AGROWISATA BERKELANJUTAN

Carik Injeman land, Cibodas Village is one of the village lands owned by the local community which is often used for plantation areas for local residents. The plantation area is one of the livelihoods of the local community to improve the economy of Cibodas Village. The Potential of Carik Injeman Land in Cibodas Village is seen to have a lot of potential that allows the rural landscape to be developed. This potential can be developed into a tourism sector that will be able to develop and improve the economy and welfare of the people of Cibodas Village. The development of Carik Injeman Land looks at the potential of the rural landscape which will later function to maintain and also preserve local wisdom, conserve natural resources and also local culture which can improve the quality of the economy and the lives of local people. This rural landscape will later be developed into an Agro-tourism-based tourism. The agro-tourism that will be developed in Carik Injeman Land is Sustainable Agrotourism which can later be seen from the start of planting, processing and selling livestock products from the Carik Injeman Land agro-tourism. The development of this design was carried out on the basis of research using descriptive - qualitative methods with data collection methods in the form of direct observation, questionnaires and using a linkert scale. The analysis of the research obtained will be in the form of the results of community respondents regarding the design development of Carik Injeman Land, Cibodas Village. The results of the research will be in the form of Agrotourism Design that still maintains natural resources and also local resources that exist in Cibodas Village.

Digital Marketing Application to Increases Livestock Sales in Sacrificial Cages in Ganggang Panjang Sidoarjo Village Based on Android

The need for qurban animals both for the needs of the Eid al-Adha holiday and needs other than Eid al- Adha such as aqiqah, or other important events are very much needed where in the selection of sacrificial animals such as goats or cows are both very important. types of sacrificial goats and cows, the condition of the sacrificial animals so that the results given are very good. In the process of selecting, purchasing, distributing sacrificial animals, they still use the manual method, which is less efficient, so there is a need for an application system that can assist in selecting, purchasing, and distributing sacrificial animals. In running the business, most of the service processes that are applied are still manual by checking the condition of the animal by coming to the place so that it is difficult for the customer to come twice or contact by phone. Then, in managing transaction data and issuing notes, it is also still manual. "DIGITAL MARKETING APPLICATION TO INCREASING LIVESTOCK SALES IN QURBAN STAGES IN GANGGANG PANJANG VILLAGE, SIDOARJO BASED ON ANDROID" was created to simplify the process of buying and selling livestock services so as to facilitate work and improve service in these small and medium enterprises. From the results of this study it can be concluded that this system can increase effectiveness because it is not done manually, the features in the information system are easy to use and the transaction data management runs well.

Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah bil Wakalah pada Peternak Sapi

The principle of buying and selling allows the distribution of funds through istishna, murabaha, or salam contracts. Murabahah is a popular method used in the economic activities of cattle breeders in Jabung (buying and selling). However, this type of financing still has potential risks. Therefore, risk management is a necessary stage to anticipate all possibilities that may arise. A case-study qualitative approach was adopted in this study. The primary data to be used is in the form of field documentation, interviews, and direct observation. BMT, AO, and SPV managers were the main interview respondents. The stages in this study consisted of data reduction and drawing conclusions. As for the validity of the data, the source triangulation technique was used. The results of the study found that there was murabahah bil wakalah financing in the activity of buying and selling livestock products (cattle) in Jabung. The financing begins with a murabaha contract and ends with a wakalah contract. However, this process is not in line with the Fatwa of the Sharia Council regarding murabahah bil wakalah. In addition, the management process assisted by BMT al-Hijrah includes planning, implementation, monitoring, and controlling. In addition, risk management includes risk management efforts during the murabahah bil wakalah financing process. The process includes risk identification, which is then handled by way of risk allocation to other parties through external cooperation.

The Impact of Flood on Food Security in Farming Communities in Kumbungu District in the Northern Region of Ghana

Flooding is the most common environmental hazard worldwide, after diseases and transport accidents. Excessive rainfall coupled with the spillage of excess water upstream from the Bagre Dam in Burkina Faso has resulted in the death of humans and animals and destroyed farms, buildings, storage facilities, and crops. This is because of the wide geographical distribution of river floodplains and low-lying coasts and their long-standing attraction for human settlement. The research focused on communities along the White Volta basin in the Kumbungu District. The study discussed local farmers’ perception of the causes of floods in the affected communities, identified factors that exposed the people staying in these communities to vulnerability, and identified coping mechanisms employed by the community during and after floods. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research used household and institutional surveys and face-to-face interviews to collect data on flood disaster experiences. A sample size of 168 respondents was selected using systematic, purposive, and simple random methods. The study established that floods negatively impacted food security and people's livelihoods, especially agriculture. Children, women, and the elderly were groups identified to be most vulnerable to flooding. The research revealed that victims do not receive timely and adequate support in the aftermath of flooding. Most respondents used wood, grass, and mud as building materials that are not flood resistant. Some coping mechanisms are pito brewing, petty trading, fish mongering, prematurely harvesting crops, weaving thatch for local roofing, planting early maturing crops, and selling livestock. Keywords: Flood, Vulnerability, Food, Farms, Households DOI: 10.7176/JEES/13-3-04 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Production variability and adaptation strategies of Ugandan smallholders in the face of climate variability and market shocks

Climate-related variability in crop production and market price variability affect food and income security of Uganda’s rural households. We used household surveys from two contrasting sites in Uganda to quantify the relationships between crop production variability, adaptation strategies and household resource characteristics. Variability of production was large for all crops with almost doubling of yields under good conditions and halving of yields in bad years. Ex-post adaptation strategies were common, and the most frequent were relying on off-farm income, selling livestock, and reducing food consumption. Using off-farm income or selling livestock to compensate for crop damage were not feasible for 25–50% of the population. Few households applied ex-ante adaptation strategies, and those who did used strategies that required little financial investment, such as switching crops. The restricted application of ex-ante adaptation strategies and the fact that major ex-post adaptation strategies were inaccessible for large parts of the population is alarming considering that climate change studies show that weather variability and extreme weather events are expected to worsen and to jeopardize crop production. Interventions must aim to reduce households’ sensitivity to variability in crop production and prices by increased preparedness to shocks, strengthening the asset base, and diversifying the livelihood portfolio. Social protection programmes are important for the poor who have no means to cushion effects from climate or price variability.

Ethnographic Study of the Marosok Tradition in the Payakumbuh Community Using Pierce Semiotic Analysis

The marosok is a tradition of buying and selling livestock using hand movements and facial expressions in the bargaining process. The marosok tradition has denotative and connotative meanings associated with Minangkabau culture. The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of denotation and connotation of the marosok tradition with an ethnographic approach using Symbolic Interactionism Theory and semiotic analysis of Pierce. This research method is qualitative by conducting literature study and interviews using snowball sampling technique to M. Azhadi Dt. Bosa as key informant who directs researchers to Desmon Korina and Hadiyati who understand the marosok tradition in the Payakumbuh community. This study shows that the tools, hand movements and expressions in the marosok tradition have meanings that must be understood by the parties involved in the transactions. The sarong is a covering tool that shows marosok tradition is only carried out by men. Finger gestures indicate digits up to millions, increasing, or decreasing bidding. Expressions indicate approval or rejection of the offered price. The marosok tradition ends with handshake and smile between the seller and the buyer. The marosok tradition creates healthy competition where the prices are only known by the parties concerned. However, this process is not transparent, the buyer can only estimate the weight and condition of the livestock by seeing and touching the livestock directly, so the buyer must be very careful in choosing livestock with good quality. The marosok tradition must be maintained so that the media is needed to teach how to do marosok to the younger generation. Apart from being a buying and selling transaction, the marosok tradition can be used as an attraction for tourists to come to Payakumbuh.

Influence of Native Commutable Approaches to Climate Dispositions among Pastoralist in Nigeria. A Critical Literature Review

Purpose: Complementary sources of income, sex of household heads, age of the household head, number of dependents, illiteracy, early warning information, employment status, and weak institutional structures determine vulnerability to climate variability and affect pastoralists. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of indigenous adaptive capacity strategies to climate variability in Nigeria. A critical literature review
 Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
 Findings: This study concluded that traditional mechanisms of predicting weather in Nigeria include observing the movement of clouds, wildlife, and domestic animals, observing intestines after slaughter, flowering and greening trees, and observing stars. The climate variability coping strategies among Nigerian pastoralists is eating less (9.9%), depending on food aid (42.8%), migrating to other areas (0.7%), and selling livestock (11.2%). These coping strategies increase the risk of being vulnerable to climatic shocks. The decline of food yields, loss of income, livestock death, poor access to water and pasture, and the death of loved ones are the main effects of climatic shocks.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the Government in Nigeria should also improve the cash transfer programs. Insurance programs will also benefit the pastoralists because they will cushion them against harsh climatic conditions. The government should also introduce better livestock rearing projects such as stall-fed and pasture grazing. Moreover, value addition programs for livestock and livestock diversification, such as donkeys' introduction in the area for sale, milk, and cultivation, will be essential.

Farmers' Risk Perception on Climate Change: Transhumance vs. Semi-Intensive Sheep Production Systems in Türkiye.

Simple SummaryAdaptation strategies developed by sheep breeders against climate change are essential for sustainable production. This study was designed to determine the effects of climate change on perception, the risks of sheep farmers and the actions taken to mitigate these impacts. Nearly all farmers in both production systems agreed on the increased use of drugs and chemicals in their farming activities due to the increase in unknown and known disease outbreaks. The current study showed that transhumance farmers focused mainly on selling livestock as an adaptive strategy. In contrast, semi-intensive farmers concentrated on modifying their farm management and feed operations. Our findings show that semi-intensive farmers do not take deliberated and consistent action against climate change but adapt spontaneously.Sheep farmers’ perceptions of climate change and its impacts and the adaptation strategies they consider to address these risks are of great importance in ensuring the resilience of farming practice. This study focused on sheep farmers’ perception of climate change and the risks and actions taken to mitigate these impacts. A total of 68 surveys were carried out among sheep farmers (39 transhumance and 29 semi-intensive farmers) by two different representative production systems in Türkiye. Variables regarding the socio-economic profile, climate change impacts, and adaptation strategies were identified and analyzed. Principal component analysis and a Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data. Both farmers’ groups accepted and perceived climate change, showing good awareness and perception. The farmers’ attitudes towards adaptation to climate change were associated with production systems. Transhumance farmers had limited adaptation and coping strategies compared to semi-intensive farmers. Transhumance farmers focused mainly on selling livestock (mostly to cope with degraded natural grassland/feed deficiency) as an adaptive strategy. In contrast, semi-intensive farmers focused on modifying their farm management and feed operations, such as changing the feed ratio and supplement use, improving water and feed storage, and considering crop feed production. The knowledge obtained from this study could be helpful for farmers and policymakers who develop long-term small ruminant production strategies that consider the effects of climate change and adapt them to different farming systems in the Türkiye.

Nexus between Coping Strategies and Households’ Agricultural Drought Resilience to Food Insecurity in South Africa

Farmers in Africa, including those in South Africa, rely on rain-fed agriculture, which exposes them to the risks of agricultural drought. Agricultural drought has become a major threat to agricultural production, including the extreme mortality of livestock in recent years, thus negatively impacting household food security. Hence, this paper is aimed at (i) assessing the coping strategies employed by smallholding livestock-farming households during food insecurity shocks, and (ii) assessing the relationship between coping strategies and agricultural drought resilience to food insecurity in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Interviews, more specifically survey interviews, were conducted with 217 smallholder livestock farmers. The data was analyzed using the agricultural drought resilience index (ADRI), the household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), and structural equation modeling. Smallholder livestock farming households utilized various coping strategies, ranging from selling livestock (21%) to leasing out their farms (1%). The coping strategies of farming households included using alternative land (20%), storing food (20%), requesting feed for their animals (16%), searching for alternative employment (6%), migrating (6%), raising drought-tolerant breeds (5%), receiving relief grants (3%) and using savings and investments (2%). A statistically significant relationship between coping strategies and agricultural drought resilience to food insecurity means that these strategies have important policy implications. Implementing strategies that encourage households to protect their livelihood and utilize their assets (selling livestock) to increase their resilience is crucial for reducing food insecurity and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger and poverty.

PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN UMKM MASYARAKAT DESA DENGAN MENERAPKAN METODE BRANDING DAN PEMASARAN MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The problem of empowerment of sukamaju village community nalindung subdistrict lacks awareness in developing and utilizing existing technology. The purpose of this research and development is to provide knowledge and insight into revenue-raising efforts by applying branding and marketing methods through social media. The methods used are the methods of discussion and practice and assistance to MSMEs. Activities are carried out in a duration of (approximately) 40 days (August 16-September 25). The result of this research is that these activities can help the community to expand the area of trading or selling livestock products and provide education about social media not only used to entertain but can also be profitable for lower middle-class entrepreneurs because in this day and age we must be smart to use social media well and usefull.

Smallholder farmer coping and adaptation strategies for agricultural water use during drought periods in the Overberg and West Coast Districts, Western Cape, South Africa

Drought is one of the most significant disasters affecting farm productivity in South Africa, with the Western Cape Province among the most affected areas. Smallholder farmers usually suffer the most due to limited resources. The study identified agricultural water use coping and adaptation strategies adopted by both crop and livestock smallholder farmers in the West Coast and Overberg districts during the recent 2015–2018 drought. Interviews were conducted with 100 smallholder farmers and 11 focus group discussions were held in the two districts. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, while qualitative data were analysed using Atlas.ti. Furthermore, the Hyogo Framework of Action was used to analyse the support that smallholder farmers had received and to understand how smallholder farmers could be effectively supported to promote the adoption of proactive strategies to deal with drought in the short and long term. It was found that the 2015–2018 drought occurred when smallholder farmers from both districts were least expecting it and were unprepared. In the West Coast District, the main coping strategies included using borehole water and selling livestock. In the Overberg District, smallholder farmers coped by purchasing fodder and transporting water from sources such as the river and dam to the farms. Several smallholder farmers in both districts did not implement any adaptation strategies. They were largely unaware of proactive agricultural water use strategies that could bolster their resilience to drought. Recommendations for the future include the adoption of drip irrigation, mulching, growing vegetables with shorter growing periods and changing planting dates. For livestock farmers, adaptation strategies include drilling boreholes and grazing management. There is also a need for early warning systems to improve the drought preparedness of smallholder farmers.

Gender relations in livestock production and animal-source food acquisition and consumption among smallholders in rural Timor-Leste: A mixed-methods exploration

Among smallholders, gender relations shape how agricultural products are produced and how foods are acquired and consumed, which impacts food security and nutrition. In Timor-Leste, most rural households own multiple livestock species, yet intake of animal-source foods (ASF) is low and malnutrition high. This study explores how gender relations inform livestock production and ASF acquisition and consumption in four Timorese villages in Baucau and Viqueque districts. We examined women's empowerment within the relational sphere of gender relations and applied a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods design. We used ownership and decision-making data from the Abbreviated Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (n = 161 women, n = 106 men) and 24-hr ASF recalls (n = 161 mother-child pairs). Findings were complemented with those from 33 semi-structured interviews, mostly with women and/or their husbands, analyzed through the Gender Relations Framework. We found that most women and men reported joint livestock ownership and joint decision-making on production and income. However, interviews revealed that for many women, joint decisions meant requiring their husband's consent, without which they would not proceed with selling livestock or purchasing ASF. Women's unequal bargaining position was influenced by social norms on the gendered division of labor, and by men's role and framing as income generators. In a setting where rice security was a priority concern, ASF were considered non-essential and unaffordable. Mixed-methods are valuable to understand the contextual significance of decision-making processes, as only through qualitative methods did the limited agency of women to exercise their voice in shaping final decisions become apparent. In their design, nutrition-sensitive programmes could include men as important actors in financial decisions that might affect dietary composition.

Collaborative foundations of herding: The formation of cooperative groups among Tibetan pastoralists

The pastoral literature place little emphasis on the cooperative aspect of being a pastoralist. Part of the neglect stems from conflating the livestock owning unit, i.e. the household, with the herding group. Among Tibetan pastoralists, the herding group consist of people and animals from one or several households. They herd in groups because there is an optimal size of the herd concerning daily herding: too few animals and the animals disperse while too many negatively affect grazing efficiency and subsequently livestock survival during winter. The individual household also frees up members for e.g. selling or trading livestock products. Furthermore, group formation makes it possible to split herds into smaller sub-herds that consider differing needs for varying livestock species and age-categories. While herding groups can change both seasonally and annually, they are a fundamental unit for pastoral social organisation because they are concerned with daily cooperation.

Drought Impacts, Coping Responses and Adaptation in the UK Outdoor Livestock Sector: Insights to Increase Drought Resilience

Drought has detrimental impacts on crop and livestock farming systems worldwide, but less attention has been given to outdoor livestock systems, particularly in humid temperate regions. This research evaluated how an intense drought in 2018 impacted the UK livestock sector and the responses adopted by key actors, though a combination of analysis of weekly agricultural trade publications and semi-structured interviews with livestock farmers. Drought impacts centred on feed and fodder availability, animal productivity and welfare, farm economics, and farmer well-being, with strong inter-dependencies observed. Most drought responses by farmers were reactive short-term coping strategies to address feed shortages, with three main strategies applied: management of available grazing and feed; selling livestock to reduce feed demand and to obtain income; and buying-in additional feed. Few longer-term adaptive measures were identified due to a range of constraints. Moving forwards, the UK livestock sector needs to convert the learning from the reactive measures implemented in 2018 into pro-active drought planning approaches. The current political changes in the UK also provides a unique opportunity for agricultural policy to better reward the desirable nationally- and locally-important non-market services or public goods that livestock farming provides. Together, these should support increased drought resilience in livestock farming and increased farming viability.

Ethnomathematics study: Formalizing mathematical representation in the Marosok trading tradition in Minangkabau

Ethnomathematics studies mathematical ideas in various cultural activities practiced by ethnic, social or professional groups. This research was carried out as part of the exploration and inventory of ethnomathematics to reveal mathematical representations and formulate a system of calculations used in the Marosok trading tradition by the Minangkabau tribe in West Sumatra. The Marosok buying and selling tradition is the tradition of shaking hands with “marosok” or touching fingers covered with cloth (cover), between sellers and buyers with the aim of obtaining price agreements in buying and selling livestock using nonverbal communication. Qualitative approaches and ethnographic methods through the principles of data collection such as field notes, unstructured interviews, and documentation studies were used in this study. The findings of this study show that mathematical representations of finger symbols and gesture in the Marosok tradition contain basic numbers one, two, three, four, five and two and a half as well as two types of operations, namely addition and subtraction. This mathematical representation is used to obtain other numbers needed in livestock buying and selling transactions using a certain formula.

Analysis of households food insecurity and its coping mechanisms in Western Ethiopia

This study analyzed households’ food insecurity and its determinants along with the coping mechanisms opted against food insecurity and shortage in Assosa zone, western Ethiopia. The study used a primary data collected from 276 randomly selected households for 7 consecutive days from each sample using weighed records method. In addition, focus group discussions and key informants interview were also used. This study employed descriptive statistics, food insecurity index and Tobit model to analyze the data. The finding of the study revealed that, in the study area, the incidence of food insecurity was 53.62%, with the depth and severity of food insecurity being 16.84% and 7.32%, respectively. The study finding also pointed out that the mean kilocalorie intake of food insecure households was 1440.37kcal/AE/day, with the minimum and maximum being 597.65 kcal and 2048.13 kcal, respectively. Furthermore, the estimated Tobit model result revealed that age of the household head, family size and off-farm and non-farm income positively affected extent of households food insecurity; whereas access to irrigation, farm income, distance to market and access to credit negatively affected the extent of households’ food insecurity. Moreover, the study also identified that reducing meal size, reducing frequency of meal served, working as a daily laborer and selling livestock’s were the top four main coping mechanisms opted against food insecurity and/or shortage. Therefore, to reverse the incidence, future interventions should focus on the aforementioned factors to build the capacity of households through enhancing their access to human, financial and physical capital.