Self-perceived Need Research Articles

Nutritional Status and Dietary Management According to Hemodialysis Duration.

As the incidence of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension increases, complications such as decreased renal function are also increasing in many patients. Nutritional management in hemodialysis patients is a very important factor for prognosis and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in nutritional status and dietary management according to hemodialysis duration. A total of 145 patients were divided into 4 groups according to hemodialysis duration: less 1 year (D1), 1–5 years (D2), and above 5 years (D3). The rates of protein-energy wasting were 31.1% in D1 group, 49.5% in D2 group, and 47.6% in D3 group. However, there was no significant difference between the 3 groups. Nutrient intake analysis showed that protein, iron, and vitamin C were significantly lower in the D3 group than in the D1 group. Protein intake in all 3 groups was insufficient compared to the recommended dietary amount for dialysis patients. The most difficult aspect in dietary management was cooking with low sodium. In the D3 group, which had the longest duration of dialysis, the practice of diet therapy and self-perceived need for nutrition education was lowest. Observations of nutritional status are necessary to maintain the health status of dialysis patients. In addition, education plans should be prepared to mediate the nutrient intakes and identify the patient's difficulties and provide practical help.

Correlación entre la autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia en mujeres embarazadas y la percepción de los profesionales de la salud oral

Objective: To determine the correlation between the self-perception of need for orthodontic treatment in pregnant women and the perception of oral health professionals. Material and methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 30 pregnant women, whose self-perception of the need for orthodontic treatment was assessed through the aesthetic component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). A panel of oral health professionals (OHP) composed by a dental surgeon and an orthodontist also evaluated the aesthetic perception for each pregnant woman, independently, using the same method. The correlation between the IOTN scores was evaluated using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the resulting correlations were compared by the Eid-Gollwitzer-Schnmidt significance of correlations test. Results: A moderate-positive, statistically significant correlation was found between the IOTN of the pregnant women and those of the dental surgeon (0.507, p=0.004) and of the orthodontist (0.451, p=0.013). Between the dental surgeon and the orthodontist, the correlation was very high-positive and statistically significant (0.957, p<0.001). The OHP panel reported greater correlation than those involving the pregnant women (p<0.001). Conclusion: the perception of pregnant women of the need for orthodontic treatment increased moderately similar to the perception of the OHP. The pregnant women showed less consistency in their perception than the OHP, demonstrating low awareness of need for orthodontic treatment by pregnant women.

A Comparative Study of Graduate Students’ SelfPerceived Needs for Written Feedback and the Supervisors’ Perceptions

This study was an attempt to examine the supervisors’ and graduate students’ needs for written feedback on thesis/dissertation and juxtaposed them to see how each group views feedback. A mixed-methods design was employed to collect the data. Questionnaires and interviews were deployed to collect the data from 132 graduate TEFL students and 37 supervisors from 10 Iranian Universities. Results indicated that there were similarities (argument, logical order, transition, clarity, and references decisions) and differences (inclusion of information, formatting, grammar, conclusion, introduction, and consistency) between the priorities given by the M.A. and Ph.D. students. Moreover, the findings indicated that the M.A. students’ expressed priorities were not similar to those of the supervisors except in 3 areas (argument, formatting, and grammar). On the contrary, the supervisors’ priorities were close to those expressed by the Ph.D. students in almost all cases. Different factors underlying the perceptions of the students and supervisors were also extracted and presented. Some implications and suggestions for further research are proposed.

The Self-Perceived Health-Care Needs of Patients with Bipolar Disorder in Nigeria

Few studies have examined the health-care needs of patients with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the clinical and social needs of patients with bipolar disorder in Nigeria and to study the demographic and clinical correlates of such needs. This was a cross-sectional study. Consecutive and consenting out-patients with bipolar disorder (n = 100), were assessed with the Camberwell Assessment of Needs-Short Appraisal Schedule, the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-Shortened Version (ISEL-12), the World Health Organization Quality of life-BREF and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). The most frequently rated areas of total needs as well as unmet needs were in the domain of sexual expression, intimate relationships and the need for company. The mean number of total needs per participant was 10.70 while the median number of unmet needs was 1.50. The total number of unmet needs was significantly higher for unremitted participants compared to remitted participants. The total number of unmet needs was positively correlated with the severity of manic symptoms (YMRS score) and negatively correlated with the level of social relationships (social domain of WHOQOL), functioning (Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score) and social support (Tangible Support subscale of the ISEL). The GAF score and YMRS score significantly predicted unmet needs. The study underscores the importance of assessing the needs of patients with bipolar disorder in Nigeria.

Everyday Substance Insecurity Among Homeless Injection Drug Users in Israel’s Largest Open Drug Scene

Limited attention has been given to Homeless Injection Drug Users (HIDUs) perceived need for illegal substances. This study assessed self-perceived illegal drug need in HIDUs based on their experiences. Observations and in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 HIDUs and with four treatment professionals. The findings revealed three findings concerning the unique experiences and perceptions of HIDUs: (a) Everyday Substance Need caused fear and anxiety, (b) Substance Need was experienced as more urgent than basic survival needs, and (c) HIDU participants attributed misunderstanding and denial of Substance Need to the authorities. It was found that HIDUs suffer from “Substance Insecurity,” which may be defined as the uncertain availability of quality substances (or their substitutes) and uncertain ability to acquire substances/substitutes and safe injection equipment in socially acceptable (or not) ways. Increased awareness of Substance Insecurity for HIDUs as a Substance Security First (SSF) model should be adopted.

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Factors Associated with Water Intake Among Adolescents with Kidney Stone Disease

BackgroundMaintaining high water intake reduces kidney stone recurrence, but is difficult to do. Strategies to reduce stone recurrence among adolescents are lacking. MethodsWe conducted an ecological momentary assessment study to identify factors associated with water intake among 25 adolescents with nephrolithiasis. Over 7-days, participants used smart bottles to self-monitor water intake and received questionnaires randomly four times daily that were completed in real-time on mobile devices. The questionnaires ascertained awareness of water intake volume, awareness of water intake goals, perceived need to drink, access to water, alternative beverage consumption, and attitudes towards bathrooms. Linear mixed-effects models were fit to estimate the association between momentary responses and daily water intake. ResultsOver 175 person-days, 595 (85%) assessments were completed. Median daily water intake was 1304mL (IQR 848-1832); 20% of participants met their intake goal for ≥4 days. Unawareness of water intake volume was associated with drinking 690mL less water a day (p=0.04). A strong self-perceived need to drink more was associated with drinking 1954 mL less water each day compared to no need to drink more (p<0.01). Unawareness of intake goals was weakly associated with drinking 1129 mL less water each day(p=0.1). Access to water, alternative beverage consumption, and bathroom aversion were not associated with water intake. ConclusionsUnawareness of water volume consumed and low responsiveness to the perceived need to drink more were associated with low water intake. Interventions that help adolescents recognize when and identify how to increase water intake may be effective in reducing stone recurrence.

Perceived need for care and mental health service utilization among college students with suicidal ideation

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to identify correlates of service utilization and perceived need for care among college students with suicidal ideation. Participants: Respondents were recruited from introductory psychology courses at an undergraduate college during the Fall 2014 semester. Methods: Independent correlates of (1) mental health service utilization, (2) self-perceived need, and (3) other-perceived need for mental health services among college students (N = 190) with suicidal ideation were identified. Results: Service utilization was associated with need for care as perceived by others. Perceived need for care by others was associated with suicidal ideation intensity and suicide attempt history. Perceived need by the respondents themselves was correlated with depression severity, sex, and race but was not independently associated with actual service utilization. Conclusions: Perceived need by others was the sole significant correlate of service utilization, suggesting it is an important target for public health interventions aimed at facilitating pathways into mental health treatment.

Oral health-related quality of life of Portuguese adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

Individuals with disabilities are regarded as a highly vulnerable population group, particularly as far as oral health is concern. However, few studies have assessed the impact of the oral condition on the quality of life of these individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to expand knowledge on the oral health status of the Portuguese adults with mild intellectual disability, and to assess how the patient’s oral health is related to their quality of life. A sample of 240 adults with mild intellectual disabilities linked to the Portuguese Federation for Intellectual Disability, were interviewed using a previously validated version of the Oral Health Impact Profile. An oral health examination was also conducted using three oral health indexes: Clinical Oral Health Index (COHI); Clinical Oral Care Needs Index (COCNI) and the Clinical Oral Prevention Index (COPI). Sociodemographic characteristics and dental health factors were also collected, following statistical analysis. More than half of the individuals (54,9%) presented one or more problems of major to severe impact on health (COHI level 2); only 4,6% of the individuals do not need treatment or examination (COCNI level 0) and 85% of the study sample needs measures of educational or preventive action (COPI level 1). In 76,9% of the participants, oral health had impact on the quality of life. The most affected dimensions of life were physical pain with 61,9%, followed by psychological discomfort and psychological disability with 45,1% and 45%, respectively. With relation to oral health factors and sociodemographic variables it was verified that fewer teeth and higher self-perception of need for dental treatment had a negative impact on the quality of life. On the other hand, institutionalization and an increase in at least one category in the self-perception of the oral health status had a positive impact on the quality of life. Given the high burden of oral disease and the considerable impact on quality of life found in this study, the establishment of guidelines to improve the oral health and quality of life of these individuals should be regarded as imperative.

Factors behind self-perceived need for dental treatment and prosthesis in Brazilian elderly people

The scope of this study was to identify individual and contextual factors associated with the self-perceived need for dental treatment and for prostheses among elderly Brazilians. An analysis was performed with data from the SB Brazil 2010 epidemiological survey conducted by the Ministry of Health with a sample of 7,619 elderly individuals. Multilevel logistic regression models of mixed random and fixed effects were used to the estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between the dependent variables and individual and contextual factors. Of the individuals assessed, 3,848 (50.5%) reported a need for dental treatment and 4,236 (55.6%) believed they have the need for prostheses. The results of multilevel logistic regression showed that gender, self-reported skin color, income and coverage by the oral health teams in the Family Health Program were associated with self-perception. This study revealed a greater influence of individual factors on the self-perceived need for dental treatment and prostheses by elderly Brazilians. This information can help to identify the inequalities that affect this population group and in setting priorities for the planning of health services.

Oral health-related quality of life and the index of orthodontic treatment need to evaluate the association of patients' self-perceived need and normative need toward orthodontic treatment

Aims: To assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with malocclusion and to measure the association of OHRQoL with orthodontic treatment need. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 290 participants aged 13 to 30 years, attending orthodontic clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (MMMC). The participants were asked to complete the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), after which clinical examinations were conducted to assess normative orthodontic treatment needs using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Results: A total of 290 adolescent and young adults participated in this study. The mean overall score for OHIP-14 was 11.8(±8.0). There was no significant association of oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) between different age groups, gender, ethnicities and education levels. There was no significant association between age, gender, ethnicity, education level and orthodontic treatment need. Also, there was no significant association of OHIP-14 score between no treatment need and little treatment need. However, OHIP-14 score was significantly higher in borderline treatment need compared to no treatment need (6.06, 95% CI 1.07, 11.04), little treatment need (3.95, 95% CI 1.75, 6.16) while high treatment need had significantly higher OHIP-14 score than borderline treatment need (7.13, 95% CI 3.46, 10.80). Conclusion: Malocclusion has a significant negative impact on OHRQoL. There is a significant association in mean overall OHIP score when comparing high orthodontic treatment needs and with no treatment needs. This study did not find any significant association in orthodontic treatment needs in relation to age groups, gender, ethnicities and education level.

A Study of Self-Perceived Need for Management Training: Among Interns at a Government Medical College in Karnataka

A Study of Self-Perceived Need for Management Training: Among Interns at a Government Medical College in Karnataka

Factors affecting mental health service utilization among Latino Americans with mental health issues

Background: In contrast to their white counterparts, Latino Americans are less likely to utilize mental health services.Aims: Guided by the Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization, this study examined factors affecting use of mental health services and dropouts from mental health services among Latino Americans with mental health issues.Methods: This is a secondary analysis utilizing data from the National Latino and Asian American Study. Seven hundred 88 Latinos with mental health issues were included in this study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted.Results: Being older, having health insurance, having self-perceived need for mental health services, having mental health service need perceived by others and a greater number of probable psychiatric disorders were associated with the use of mental health services among Latinos with mental health issues. Among 194 Latino mental health service users, being younger, not having health insurance, and having a lower level of family support were associated with dropouts from mental health services.Conclusions: The findings suggest that education is needed to help Latino Americans recognize the need for mental health services. In addition, policies are needed to address financial difficulties in accessing mental health services.

Perceptions of dental treatment need in Australian-born and migrant populations.

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in self-perceived and dentist-determined treatment need in Australian-born and migrant residents of Australia. Participants in the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06 were categorized into six groups according to country of birth. Interview and examination data were used to analyze differences between self-perceived and the 'gold standard' examiner-determined treatment need, and to compare the accuracy of self-reporting according to country of birth. Self-reported treatment needs, defined as the need for a restoration and/or extraction, were cross-tabulated with clinically observed conditions and compared using a multivariable logistic regression model. Concordance between self-reported and clinically-determined treatment need differed significantly for migrants from Europe and the UK and Australian-born individuals. In the logistic regression model, stratification according to examiner-determined treatment need revealed significantly greater reporting of treatment need by Asian-born migrants than by the Australian-born reference group. The results of this study demonstrate that self-perceived treatment need was less than the examiner-determined findings in European and UK migrant groups and Australian-born individuals. Additionally, Asian migrants were more likely than Australian-born individuals to over-report treatment need for a filling and/or extraction.

Validity of self-perceived dental caries as a diagnostic test and associated factors in adults

This study aimed to analyze the validity of self-perceived dental caries and associated factors in a sample of 795 adults (35-44 years). The dependent variable was self-perceived dental caries, and the independent variables were combined in blocks. Three logistic models were performed: (1) all adults; (2) adults with a formal diagnosis of caries; and (3) adults without such caries. Self-perceived dental caries showed 77.7% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, 52% positive predictive value, and 81% negative predictive value. In Model 1, self-perceived dental caries was associated with time of use of dental services, access to information, flossing, formal diagnosis of caries, self-perceived need for treatment, toothache, and dissatisfaction with oral health and general health. In Model 2, self-perceived dental caries was associated with time of use of dental services, self-perceived need for treatment, and dissatisfaction with oral health and general health. In Model 3, self-perceived dental caries was associated with time of use of dental services, access to information, flossing, self-perceived need for treatment, and dissatisfaction with oral health. Self-perceived dental caries showed limited utility as a diagnostic method.

Self-Perceived Performance-Based Training Needs of Senior Nurse Managers Working in United Christian Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

Self-Perceived Performance-Based Training Needs of Senior Nurse Managers Working in United Christian Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

Perception of orthodontic treatment need among Swedish children, adolescents and young adults

Objective: Perceptions of orthodontic treatment need and perceptions of dental aesthetics was investigated among subjects ages 10, 15 and 19.Materials and methods: A total of 489 subjects completed a questionnaire after inspecting 10 photographs in the Aesthetic Component scale of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need to (i) reveal the lower limit for orthodontic treatment need and (ii) rate their dental aesthetics by selecting the most similar photo.Results: The mean lower limit for orthodontic treatment need was significantly higher (and closer to literature-based standards) among subjects, age 10 (4.2 ± 1.5), than among subjects, age 15 (3.6 ± 1.2) (p = .0009), and subjects, age 19 (3.5 ± 1.2) (p = .00002). Among subjects ages 15 and 19, the lower limit for orthodontic treatment need was lower in groups with (i) self-perceived orthodontic treatment need (p = .002 and .001, respectively) and (ii) previous orthodontic treatment (p = .005 and .035, respectively). Self-perceived orthodontic treatment need was present in more than one-third of subjects, age 19, who had previously received orthodontic treatment. Subjects of foreign origin reported that their dental aesthetics were worse (p = .002) and those same subjects, age 19, set the lower limit for orthodontic treatment lower (p = .047) than Swedes, age 19.Conclusions: The lower limit for orthodontic treatment need among subjects, age 10, was higher – compared to subjects, ages 15 and 19 – and closer to literature-based standards. Subjects with self-perceived orthodontic treatment need, subjects with previous orthodontic treatment, and subjects age 19 of foreign origin, have higher aesthetic demands.

Orthodontic Treatment Need and Self-perceived Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics in a University Adult Population in Malaysia

Objectives: The aims of this study were to (1) determine the orthodontic treatment need in a university adult population, (2) estimate the self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment, and (3) to assess the self-reported psychosocial well-being and its association with treatment need. Subjects and Methods: Eighty-seven adults (20–70 years of age) comprising academic and corporate staff from a health science university participated in this study. The esthetic component of index of orthodontic treatment need (AC of IOTN) was used to determine the orthodontic treatment need, and a simple questionnaire was used for data on sociodemographics and self-perceived need. Psychosocial well-being was measured through the self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire. Data was analyzed using nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis tests with statistical significance set as P Results: Thirteen people (14.9%) had an orthodontic treatment need by AC of IOTN, whereas 40 (46%) perceived a need for orthodontic treatment. Age, gender, ethnicity, or marital status was not associated with treatment need. Those who had no need for treatment measured by the AC of IOTN scored significantly higher on the dental self-confidence (DSC) domain ( P = 0.009) and significantly lower in the psychosocial impact domain ( P = 0.048) when compared to those with treatment need. The self-perceived need was significantly associated with DSC ( P = 0.000), social impact ( P = 0.002), psychosocial impact ( P = 0.003) as well as the esthetic concern domain ( P = 0.012). Conclusion: The orthodontic treatment need perceived by the adults in this study was higher with significant impact on the psychosocial well-being. Orthodontic treatment for the patient based on the assessment of psychosocial impact would be beneficial in addressing patient's perspectives of treatment need.

Self-Perceived Competency-Based Training Needs of Registered Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study

The aim of this study is to explore a competency-based training need of registered nurses working in United Christian Hospital (UCH) in Hong Kong. This cross-sectional questionnaire study included 876 registered nurses from 3 to 23 August 2015.

The influence of consumers’ self-perceived health status and need for cognition on food-product evaluation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the underlying mechanisms of how consumers respond to health-claim framing via experimental design.Design/methodology/approachAcross the two experiments conducted for this research, the authors examine the moderating effects of self-perceived health status and individuals’ need for cognition on health-claim framing.FindingsThe results indicate that personal differences moderate the effects of health-claim framing on consumers’ food-product evaluation. Consumers with poor health status evaluate food product more favorably when the reduced-disease-risk claims are offered. However, consumers with good health status evaluate food product similarly between the two health claims. Moreover, consumers with a high need for cognition evaluate food product more favorably when the reduced-disease-risk claims are used, whereas consumers with a low need for cognition evaluate food product more favorably when the enhance function claims are used.Practical implicationsThis research provides that reduced-disease-risk claims may be the better communication message used to persuade consumers no matter they rate themselves as poor health status or good health status. Moreover, the results of the present research also indicate the importance of market segmentation. Marketers could design proper advertisements and select the appropriate media vehicles for low need for cognition readers and high need for cognition readers separately.Originality/valueThere has been few studies addressed consumers’ product choice with respect to different health-claim framing. Further, this research presents a new concept of the effects between individual differences and health-claim framing on consumers’ food-product evaluation.

Disparities in Oral Health Behaviour among Young Adults in Mangalore, India: A Psychosocial Perspective.

Oral health inequalities imply unequal distribution of health and disease across socioeconomic gradients. Oral health related behaviour and its psychosocial antecedents can have a major impact on oral disease pathways in communities. To ascertain disparities in oral health behaviour and its psychosocial antecedents among young adults in Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Present study was carried out among 341 degree students at three randomly chosen institutions belonging to government, aided and private colleges in Mangalore. Oral health behaviour was assessed by a structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire. Information about oral hygiene habits, tobacco use, sugar consumption, dental attendance patterns were collected. Respondent's self-reported gingivitis, perceived general and oral health, perceived need for care and locus of control were assessed. Information about demographic details was collected. Correlation analysis employed Pearson's correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis was employed with snacking as dependent variable. Twice daily brushing was significantly associated with gender (r=0.142, p=0.009), type of college (r=-0.164, p=0.003) and father's occupation (r=0.107, p=0.049), while tobacco use was significantly associated with gender (r=0.284, p=0.000), religion (r=-0.234, p=0.000), type of college (r=0.312, p=0.000), father's education (r=0.130, p=0.017) and occupation (r=0.120, p=0.027). Self-perceived oral health was significantly associated with snacking (r=0.173, p=0.001) and tobacco use (r=-0.261, p=0.000), while locus of control was associated with snacking (r=0.140, p=0.009). Regression analysis revealed that father's education (OR=0.399, p=0.014), self-perceived need for care (OR=0.354, p=0.009), and locus of control (OR=0.166, p=0.003) emerged as significant predictors of snacking behaviour. Psychosocial antecedents were significantly associated with oral health behaviour among the respondents. Policy and decision makers should consider causes of causes while tackling oral health problems. Present study may contribute towards addressing oral health inequalities in developing nations, where oral health issues are compounded by a definite paucity of resources.