Self-help Groups Research Articles

Effect of a Follow-up Program Involving an Early Intervention and Self-help Group on Parenting Stress, Depression, and Parenting Efficacy for Mothers of Premature Infants

Purpose: This study is intended to investigate the impact of an early intervention and follow-up program involving self-help groups on maternal parenting stress, depression, and parenting efficacy in families with premature infants.Methods: The study included 30 mothers in the experimental group and 29 in the control group, all of whom had premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Changes in dependent variables before and after the followup program were analyzed using paired t-tests with mean and standard deviation, and variables that differed in presurvey scores were analyzed using analysis of covariance with covariates.Results: Parenting stress decreased in the experimental group that participated in the follow-up program, while it increased in the control group. Depression decreased by 3.44 points in the intervention group and 1.76 points in the control group. Parenting efficacy increased by 3.03 points in the experimental group and decreased by 1.03 points in the control group after the program.Conclusion: This study highlights the significance of offering family-centered early interventions within existing hospitals or institutions, rather than relying solely on home visits, to promptly address the early developmental issues of premature infants, share information, and provide emotional support through regular self-help meetings.

Factors Influencing the quality of life of lung transplant patients

Purpose : This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the quality of life of lung transplant patients.Method : The participants were patients who received lung transplants at a general hospital in City Y. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from June 2023 to August 2023. General characteristics, lung transplantation-related characteristics, quality of life, functional disability, treatment compliance, social support, anxiety, and depression—were measured. For data analysis, hierarchical multiple regression was performed using SPSS/WIN 29.0.Results : In the final model, quality of life was associated with income, self-help group attendance, functional disability, social support, treatment compliance, and anxiety and depression. Together, they explained 61.2% of the total variance in the results.Conclusion : Our findings suggest that improving lung transplant patients’ quality of life requires active intervention in stress management to perform treatment instructions well, a social support system that can help them financially, and encouraging and participating in social activities as patients.

A Study on Personal Demographic Traits of Self-help Group Members (SHG) under National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) in Lakhimpur Kheri District of Uttar Pradesh, India

The study was conducted in Nighasan and Pasgawan block of Lakhimpur kheri district of Uttar Pradesh, by personal interview with 100 respondents; They were selected through proportionate random sampling technique from two selected gram panchayat and 10 SHGs from each gram panchayat. Total 20 SHGs (each block total fifty respondents) were selected randomly. The results of the study show that the majority of the Self Help Group Members were in their middle age (61.00%), other backward caste (41.00%), literates (90.00%) and those who completed intermediate education (38.00%), small family size (63.00%), marginal farmers (56.00%), engaged in farming (54.00%), married (80.00%), low annual income (63.00%), participants in one organization (60.00%), medium level of risk orientation (53.00%), medium level of scientific orientation (59.00%), with formal sources in bank officials/community resource persons ranked Ist, informal sources in family ranked Ist , and mass media exposer in T.V. ranked Ist.

Value of Learning Processes in Quality Circles for Self-Help Members as Actors in Person-Centred Care

Background: The need for quality-promoting measures in self-help work arises from the importance of self-help within the health care system and an associated demand for professionalisation. In a pilot study, members of different self-help groups worked with the “Quality Circle in Health Care” method, QuiG® for short, and their learning effects were tracked and described. Research questions: What and how is learned in a QuiG®? Can the QuiG® methodology be transferred to the work in self-help groups and thus positively contribute to coping with illness and life? Methods: We chose a qualitative study design. After completing the quality circle, we conducted guided interviews with each participant. The interviews were evaluated using qualitative content analysis, according to Mayring. Results: The quality circle work shows its effects both in the self-help work and in the everyday life of the participants. It becomes clear that the learning effects are not dependent on the respective clinical picture of the QuiG® participant and are not limited to the disease that had led to participation in the self-help group. Discussion: The interview and the guide were very well suited for this research project. As influencing factors, for example, a language barrier, comprehension problems, the age difference between the interviewee and interviewer, and the life history background of the interviewees could be identified. The evaluation method impresses by its strength – rule-guidedness; weaknesses are the early reduction of the complexity of the object of analysis during the evaluation and the missing guidance for the study of the developed code system. As leading learning processes of the participants, learning from the model, experiential learning and reflective learning, could be worked out as core processes. Regarding the transferability of the QuiG® method to the work in self-help groups, it becomes clear that it is fundamentally feasible and meaningful. Still, structural and content-related conditions should be elaborated and adapted.

Sour to Sweet: Tamarind Tales of Empowerment Adding Value to Women’s Lives

Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is one of the important fruit crops of India. It is also termed as “Indian Date” due to its date like appearance of dried pulp. The preservation and processing of the tamarind through value added products is the effective way of retaining the nutrients content of fruits. Area of tamarind in Chikkaballapur district spread over 608 ha where fruits are just harvested and sold by farmers which most of the farmers are not even obtaining the nominal charges because of improper processing. One of the best features of the tamarind is its durability which incur no loss of the value-added products. As stated by the spice board of India, the tamarind area production was about 74.20 (000’ ha), with average yield of 309.44 (000’ MT). About 258.70 (000’MT) to 272.85 (000’MT) of tamarind is allotted for value addition products to processed and lot of labor is engaged in this processing in India. This indicates that there is a wide opportunity in value addition of tamarind. Different extension methods like on campus training programs, group discussion and folders were developed on the value addition of tamarind to create awareness among the public. In this perspective of Sri Lakshmi Venkateshwara Self Help Group (SHG) of 20 farms women was identified to be trained in KVK for the development of value added products and an on campus training programme for a week was provided to disseminate technology on production of tamarind value added products; tamarind puree, tamarind toffee, tamarind chutney powder lollipop and instant puliyoggare mix and to estimate cost benefit ratio. Raw materials, branding, labelling and packaging materials were distributed to the SHG to encourage them for the product development and selling of the products. Advertising and marketing of the products initially was carried on in the free stalls of exhibitions in krishi fair and in district agriculture fair where the products created huge demand. Results showed that processing of quintals of tamarind for four products like tamarind puree (130 Kg), tamarind toffee (241.25 Kg), tamarind chutney powder (165.50 Kg), tamarind lollypop (230 Kg) and tamarind instant puliyoggare mix (153.45) respectively with the monthly net profit of Rs. 12923 from puree, Rs. 13358 from toffee Rs. 9947 from chutney powder and Rs. 18098 from lollypop and Rs. 31146 from instant puliyoggare mix whereas unprocessed tamarind cost Rs. 120 per kg. The value addition of tamarind has helped to improve their family income per month is around 85,000 with cost benefit ratio of 1.42. These trained individuals of SHGs now serve as the resource persons in training the budding up SHGs.

Socio-Economic Condition and Livelihood Status Of Fishermen of Adjoining Area Pakdi Tal of Mau District Of Uttar Pradesh, India

The present survey is related to the socio-economic status of the fishermen under capture fisheries from adjacent area of Pakdi Tal (wetland) of Mau District, Uttar Pradesh, India. The primary data was composed by asking questionnaire in Hindi language and secondary data was collected from district fisheries department, news articles and research papers. The current survey reveals the socio-economic condition of people near Pakdi Tal is not upto mark and it might be due to large family size, poor educational status, non-availability of secondary employment opportunities, lack of proper training and non-availability of modem gear and craft and non-arability of market for selling their catch are the important issues faced by the people of Pakdi village. There is lack of self-help group in this village for capturing fish from Pakdi Tal. The primary occupation of the studied area is fishing in Pakdi Tal. The educational status is also not satisfactory and majority of the people had education upto primary school. The majority of people depends on fishing activity and their per day income varied from the range Rs 200-1500. Pakdi Tal is large wetland while it is not used by the farmer for commercial production of fish but there is great potential for fish farming.

Impact Study of Self-Help Group Bank Linkage Programme on Beneficiaries in Rural Rajasthan

The underprivileged poor while availing loans face two main issues. First, a deposit of collateral is essential for availing loans, and second, formal sources do not provide loans for activities other than income generation. To abbreviate this problem of poor people, microfinance is playing an imperative role through the self-help group bank linkage programme (SHGBLP). Therefore, the objective of this research paper is to examine the impact of SHGBLP on its participants at the household level in terms of income, savings, expenditure and asset creation. For this, 450 households belonging to the treatment and control groups were interviewed. Further, the average treatment model was applied to the treated model through propensity score matching and principal component analysis. The results highlighted that participation in SHGBLP significantly affects the income of the poor participants in comparison to the less poor and medium poor, programme participation also significantly affects the consumption expenditure of the participants in comparison to the non-participants. In spite of that, it also significantly affects the asset creation of the medium-poor participants in comparison to the poor and less-poor participants, while participation does not affect the saving patterns of the participants.

Enabling mothers of young children in a low SES area to co-design the support they are seeking for the adoption of healthy behaviours.

There is a need for interventions that meet the needs of low socioeconomic status (SES) groups, to encourage the adoption of healthy diets and physical activity, in line with current public health guidance. This qualitative research used co-production, a method which actively involves the relevant community, to identify and describe public health interventions to support a group of mothers of young children living in a low SES area. A group of 20 mothers took part in three in-depth qualitative interviews to discuss in detail the type of support that would be of value to them for the adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours. The mothers were subsequently invited to take part in a public engagement project, a community-based self-help group. Four themes explained the principles of interventions that would be of value in supporting the mothers with the adoption of healthy behaviours, namely, a community-based self-help group, support for the whole family and support in the home and influencing the environment. These were then further developed into two types of intervention (1) learning for self-help and family care, which encompassed the first three learning-based themes and (2) community of support, which covered influencing the environment and the experience of the community-based self-help group. Co-production enabled a group of mothers of young children, from a low SES area, to describe the type of support that would help them with the establishment and maintenance of healthy lifestyle behaviours. A community-based self-help group warrants further research.

Factors influencing micro-entrepreneurship among women SHG members of Sikkim: a propensity score matching approach

PurposeThe paper identifies the influence of socio-economic factors and livelihood training in stimulating micro-entrepreneurship among women self-help group (SHG) members.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a sample of 416 women SHG members drawn from all the four districts of Sikkim using cluster sampling procedure. A multivariate binary logistic model is used to find the impact of socio-economic factors, and a Poisson regression has been used to find the impact of training on fostering micro-entrepreneurship. The result is validated using a propensity score matching approach which corrects for the potential self-selection bias in the sample. Subsequently, a covariate adjustment estimator verifies the robustness of the approach.FindingsThe study finds that “size of landownership”, “amount of loan borrowed”, “member's age”, “number of earning and dependent members”, “number of years of SHG enrolment” as well as the “district to which the member belongs to” have a statistically significant influence on the graduation of SHG members to micro-entrepreneurs. Furthermore, it is found that members attending the livelihood training programmes had a significantly higher number of microenterprises.Originality/valueThe study differentiates itself by providing empirical evidence on how socio-economic factors and livelihood training stimulate micro-entrepreneurship among SHG women of Sikkim, which has so far remained unexplored. Moreover, advanced econometric method has been used to eliminate the possible self-selection bias involved with training participation and thereby provides reliable and robust results.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2023-0070

Impact of Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) Initiatives on the Self-Help Group: For Sustainable Development

Purpose: India has been the advocate the digital infrastructure addressing last-mile connectivity through financial inclusion by integrating innovative financial technology(fintech)and Digital Ecosystem for making financial services more accessible to a large number of people, at present India’s fin tech adoption rate is 87% in the world, Digital ecosystem will account for 30% of global revenues by 2025 as per McKinsey and Digital Financial Services(DFS) is a tool to boost the inclusive growth and access to the finance for solving societal issues and economic growth by adaption of SHG, JLG and Farmer Interest Groups(FIGs) in Farm and Non-Farm Sector and digital model more impact in creating micro-entrepreneurs in non-agriculture sector, employment in Sustainable agriculture, reducing poverty, income equality, equitable society with good health and wellbeing and economic growth with initiatives undertaken by the current government to improve financial inclusion in association with RBI, NABARD, NBFC in Empowering the sustainable development goals and more opportunities for women in rural areas as well as tire 3,tiere4 cities in improving lives with the Financial inclusion initiatives like the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI), NABARD E – Shakti, Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), Atal Pension Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT)/Direct Benefit transfer, JAM, e-KYC, smart panchayats, agriculture credit, Buy Now Pay Later(BNPL), Digital Banks, Central Bank Digital Currency(DBDC), Robotic Automation with AI, Block chain Technology, Neo banks, Kisan Credit. The innovations and revolution that have had the biggest effect on inclusive digital and financial services include BSB for MSMEs, Rupay, Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay, and Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM), as well as cloud computing, biometrics, government e-marketplaces, AGMARKNET, and FPOs. RBI FINANCIAL INCLUSION INDEX2022 indicates a gap in FI in India and it impacts GDP, and Atmanirbhar Mahila - Aatmanirbhar Bharat. Design/Methodology: The research relies on secondary data, which were gathered from websites, journals, newspapers, magazines, reports, and Case studies on SHGs promoted by SKDRDP-Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project. The data are descriptively analysed. Originality/value: Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) Initiatives on The Self-Help Group: For Sustainable Development and its impact studied through various case studies- how it is helpful to self-help groups. Paper type: Conceptual framework

Cooperative membership and exposure to role models: Implications for income and asset aspirations

Although it is increasingly recognized that aspirations drive economic behavior and outcomes, it is not fully understood how aspirations are formed (or eroded). However, it has been theoretically established that aspirations are socially constructed and formed under an aspiration window. An aspiration window refers to a cognitive zone of similar individuals based on age, gender, caste, geography, religion, ethnicity, and other social (self-help) groups. In these groups, individuals learn from each other through interaction and experimentation. We examine the relationship between group membership and aspirations. As a proxy for group membership, we use agricultural cooperatives that abound in many developing countries and have been associated with productivity and welfare gains. Given that farmers interact and are exposed to role models in these cooperatives, we also investigate the relationship between exposure to role models and aspirations. We show a positive association between cooperative membership and aspirations as well as between exposure to role models and aspirations. Interacting cooperative membership with exposure to role models, we find a larger association between cooperative membership and aspirations, highlighting the relevance of exposure to role models in these cooperatives. Given the growing evidence regarding the relevance of aspirations in achieving various developmental outcomes, our study highlights some entry points in improving aspirations.

Individual and Group Characteristics of Self-help Group Members in Uttarakhand, India


 Self-Help groups have a key role in empowering their members and have emerged as a potential tool for agricultural extension; however, they also face a few constraints. To understand the intervention point for strengthening SHGs by exploring its various dimensions and overcoming the constraints faced by them, the present study focused on a) the individual profile characteristics of SHGs’ members and b) the group characteristics of SHGs’ members. It was inferred from the study that the majority of the members belonged to the middle age group (27 to 44 years), were married females, belonged to nuclear families, had a medium annual income comprised of marginal land holdings, were engaged in agriculture with other subsidiary occupations, and had a medium duration (between 3 to 5 years) of membership in SHGs. Awareness and Readiness to use Android phones have also increased amongst SHGs, i.e., the majority of the members perceived medium-level ease of use of Android phones, i.e., neither too easy nor too difficult to use. The majority of the respondents had education up to intermediate level. Most of the respondents had a medium level of achievement motivation, and they occasionally sought information from ‘friends and relatives’, ‘neighbors,’ and ‘progressive farmers’. Among personal cosmopolite sources, block development officers, scientists from agricultural universities, agriculture officers from banks, and DDM, NABARD was the preferred source. Radio, Kisan Call Center, and the Internet were occasionally preferred for agricultural information. The majority of the respondents belonged to the medium category in terms of task function and maintenance function. They had a favorable attitude towards collectivization and group decision-making. These research findings on self-help group members must be taken into account by the researchers, extensionists, trainers, and policymakers for the formulation, designing and successful implementation of trainings, development programmes and interventions for strengthening the group dynamics.

‘The end of the common world’: COVID anxieties, bordered lives and democratic censorship in Taiwan

ABSTRACT This paper provides ethnographic sketches of the struggles of bordered lives – mainland spouses and their families, PRC students and overseas Taiwan – during the pandemic time when their rights to enter or return to overseas Taiwanese was denied as part of the preventive measures against COVID-19. By conducting interviews with mainland spouses from a distance and looking at the discussion of a Facebook group called ‘Overseas Taiwanese COVID-19 Self-Help Group’ as an archival site, we seek to understand and analyse the reasons why their right to enter or return was silenced, discredited, denied and attacked, and used these ethnographic sketches as the basis for explaining the emergence of democratic censorship, a paradox that sadly is part of the living reality in Taiwan. Furthermore, inspired by Michel Foucault’s discussion of raison d’etat as the rationale for the state’s, rather than people’s, survival, we situate democratic censorship in the context of tense China–Taiwan relations and call for the ‘de-Cold Warring’ (Chen 2010) of consciousness as the key to save democracy from the spectre of autocracy.

Characterizing Social Connectedness and Associated Mental Health Symptoms among Sexual Minority Men Enrolled in a Substance Use Recovery Support Program

Background Sexual minority men (SMM; gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men) report higher rates of substance use compared to other populations. Social connectedness is a critical component for promoting and maintaining recovery from substance use disorders. However, the degree of social connectedness among SMM who report substance use is largely unknown. Objectives We examined substance use, social connectedness (past 30-d participation in formal recovery support, past 30-d interaction with supportive family/friends, relationship satisfaction, and types of support) and mental health among SMM at the time of their enrollment in a behavioral substance use program from September 2019 to October 2021. Results Of the107 SMM, 80% of the sample reported past 30-d illicit substance use, with methamphetamine representing the most commonly reported drug used (53%). Participants used a variety of social connections for support, including self-help groups (44% voluntary; 5% religious-affiliated; 20% other) and family/friends (81%). Importantly, 15% reported they had no one to turn to when having trouble and 36% were either dissatisfied or very dissatisfied with their relationships. Participants who endorsed significant depressive (58%) and anxiety (70%) symptoms were more likely to endorse relationship dissatisfaction than participants who did not endorse symptoms (p < 0.01). Conclusions One-third of SMM enrolled in a substance use recovery program expressed relationship dissatisfaction, particularly those struggling with depression or anxiety. Future research and programming should examine ways of leveraging existing social connectedness or forging new social supports to enhance mental health and substance use recovery for SMM using substances.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Its Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study with Thematic Analysis of Patients and Caregivers Who Participated in Self-Help Groups.

This study employs a qualitative methodology to explore the effects of the pandemic on the lives of ALS patients and their caregivers. It aims to understand whether and how online self-help groups have assisted families dealing with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease with both physical and psychosocial implications. Consequently, it significantly affects the lives of patients' caregivers. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this situation. The results show that the pandemic has had a negative impact on the well-being of ALS caregivers and patients. Furthermore, bereavement and death were dealt with in different ways by the families involved. The pandemic aggravated the health of ALS patients and increased the workload of their caregivers; however, online psychological support was appreciated for its role in providing emotional help and diminishing social isolation.

Psychological Risk Assessment with Hamilton Scales Among Menopausal Women in Chennai, South India

Introduction: Menopausal women must undergo routine mental health screenings to ensure their best mental health. This study was designed to evaluate the mental health of women going through menopause, and to associate sociodemographic and clinical factors with mental health impairment. Methodology: In this cross - sectional study, 200 menopausal women were included after getting informed consent. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire, Hamilton Scales for Anxiety and Depression and analysis was done using SPS software. Results: The mean age of the postmenopausal women in the study was 49.5 years. Nearly 28% of women had complete high school education and 11% were graduates. About 13% of the participants were engaged in semi-professional work, 13% in unskilled work and 8.5% in clerical jobs. The factors which were found to have a statistically significant association with mental health (p&lt;0.05) were age at menopause, education, occupation and duration of menopause. Conclusion: Numerous initiatives including regular yoga sessions, creation of self-help groups, and the provision of calcium, iron and vitamins can aid in lowering postmenopausal women's psychological stress. This can enhance their ability to cope with menopause and its effects. With the use of information, education, and communication (IEC) efforts, the community must be made aware of menopause.

Role of inclusive self-help groups in prevention and management of diabetes and hypertension in Myanmar: a qualitative study

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing public health concern in Myanmar. Community-based self-help groups are essential for participating in health-related activities. However, little is known about the role of inclusive self-help groups (ISHG) in hypertension and diabetes management. This study aimed to assess knowledge and perception of health-related activities of ISHG and explore challenges ISHG group members encountered in performing hypertension and diabetes prevention and management activities. Methods: The study included six townships from three different regions of Myanmar, where ISHG existed. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were held in each township. A total of twelve FGDs were conducted. All discussions were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Myanmar language. A thematic analysis was performed using inductive and deductive approaches. Results: The findings revealed that ISHG members provided advice and counselling on behavioural risk factors for hypertension and diabetes prevention and screenings for those diseases. They also offered home care for the elderly and stroke patients who required their assistance. Community members regarded ISHG as a valuable community structure. Members of the ISHG identified a number of challenges, including lack of resources (funding, manpower, and time), lack of confidence, and lack of recognition and acceptance. Support and strengthening activities by local authorities and the government were critical to sustain ISHG's activities and efforts. Conclusions: Hypertension and diabetes management activities of ISHG are appreciative. The public and government should recognize and support ISHG to strengthen their community activities.

Empowerment of People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) in Increasing Income Through Creativity in Making Doormats (Case Study of Poskeswa in Sidorejo, Sukorejo District, Ponorogo Regency)

People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) are a group of people who often face stigmatization and limitations in participating in economic activities. Empowering ODGJ in increasing income through creativity in making doormats is an effort that can provide social and economic benefits. The aim of this activity is to try to increase the income of those categorized as ODGJ. People with mental disorders (ODGJ) are often considered less productive and do not have the ability to do work or skills that can produce results. Poskeswa's self-help group (SHG) community development program aims to improve the social and economic capabilities of ODGJ in Sidorejo Village. This service produced mats with economic value, which were carried out by 41 ODGJ. Secondary data was obtained through the Sidorejo Health Post SHG report and information from the village midwife. Through effective assistance, ODGJ in Sidorejo Village have life skills, therefore they are able to be independent, have a job, be creative and have an income that meets their daily needs.

‘루게릭 네트워크’ 온라인 환자공동체 참여경험

This study explores the experiences of patients and their guardians suffering from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a rare intractable disease called Lou Gehrig's disease (ALS), by participating in an online patient community activity called 'Lou Gehrig’s Network'. To this end, after diagnosing Lou Gehrig's disease, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 patients and their guardians participating in the 'Lou Gehrig’s Network' during the course of fighting the disease and analyzed using a grounded theory approach (Strauss &amp; Corbin, 1998). As a result of the study, first, 54 concepts, 33 subcategories and 9 upper categories were derived. Second, a paradigm model for the adaptation process through online community participation after the diagnosis of Lou Gehrig's disease was derived. Specifically, as informal learning, there were learning experiences in indirect experience learning, direct experience learning, and mutual learning. Psychological recovery was also possible by active self-exposure, participation, mutual exchange, and information sharing in the community. Next, the interaction between the members of the Lou Gehrig Network confirmed learning and information exchange, community bond formation, and emotional interaction. Each interaction was deeply linked to each other rather than divided into independent interactions, which affected study participants' learning and psychological recovery. At the same time, the study participants served as mutual aid and mentors in the community. This suggests that mutual dynamics are actively taking place among members within the community. The characteristics of the online patient community, the Lou Gehrig Network, functioned as a self-help group, and at the same time served as a medium for information storage and interaction. Meanwhile, the “Lou Gehrig’s Network” was helping participants learn for life by acting as a learning community. Finally, based on the above results, the significance of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

Assessing the Potential of Women Self-Help Groups (SHGS) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in Siddharth Nagar District

Assessing the Potential of Women Self-Help Groups (SHGS) for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in Siddharth Nagar District